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Biomedical subjects

L Moore

Publications and source records attributed to L Moore.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Health-related behaviour in Wales, 1985-1990.

This study looked at recent changes in Wales in four health-related behaviours: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity. Data are drawn from three large-scale surveys conducted across Wales in 1985, 1988 and 1990. The results show a reduction in smoking prevalence between 1985 and 1990 among men and women, and a growing trend towards healthier eating, with reduced frequent consumption of salt and foods high in saturated fats. Encouraging progress towards healthier living has been made, but the results also indicate the extent of the remaining challenge: greater progress is particularly needed to encourage participation in exercise, and to reduce the numbers of people who drink alcohol in excess of recommended sensible limits.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasonography in obstetric and gynecologic emergencies.

In conclusion, both transabdominal and transvaginal sonography are valuable tools in the evaluation of the patient who presents with a gynecologic or obstetric emergency and can very quickly lead to a definitive diagnosis or limited differential. Sonography also can be useful in excluding the presence of other pathologies that may mimic obstetric or gynecologic disease including appendicitis, diverticulitis, and renal obstruction.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Making the internal market work: a case for managed change.

The internal market in the NHS is meant to ensure that provider units compete on the basis of price and quality and that money follows patients into efficient units. But the example of what happened to one local ophthalmology unit suggests what may go wrong when entrepreneurial activity is applied in a market that does not work perfectly. In 1991-2 the unit had a high workload but also comparatively high prices (because of crude pricing in the local hospital); because of pressure of work the waiting times lengthened and general practitioners increasingly complained about the service. The staff in the unit reopened a longstanding debate about the need for a third consultant ophthalmologist, but neither the purchasers (including fundholders) nor the provider unit were able to fund the post. Fundholders in a neighbouring district, however, together with that district health authority, decided to place their contracts elsewhere for the following year. Although the withdrawal of contracts jeopardised the clinical and financial viability of the ophthalmic unit, patients continued to use the service. When general practitioners in the district realised that their local service might collapse they pressed to keep the service open. The fundholders and the host purchaser finally agreed to fund a third consultant and drew up standards for the service. As a result the waiting times fell and the service is now described as "excellent." Short term market decisions may have unforseen long term implications for services to patients. This needs to be addressed as part of the evolution of the reformed NHS.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Selective amplification of additional members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family: cloning of additional human and Drosophila ARF-like genes.

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family is one of four subfamilies of the RAS superfamily of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Highly degenerate oligonucleotides encoding two conserved regions were used in a PCR reaction to amplify cDNAs encoding each of the known ARF proteins and eight additional cDNA fragments encoding previously unreported human members of the ARF family. Additional sequences were obtained from yeast or fly libraries by using this technique. These oligonucleotides specifically amplify members of the ARF family but not the structurally related G protein alpha subunits or members of the other three subfamilies of the RAS superfamily. Fragments obtained by PCR were used to obtain full-length sequences encoding highly homologous ARF-like (ARL) gene products from human and Drosophila melanogaster libraries, termed ARL2 and Ar184F, respectively. The encoded proteins are each 184 amino acids long and are 76% identical, with 40-45% identity to human ARF1 and Drosophila arf-like (arl) proteins. These genes appear to be generally expressed in human tissues and during Drosophila development. The purified human ARL2 protein differed in several biochemical properties from human ARF proteins, including the complete absence of ARF activity. Thus, the ARF family of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins includes at least 15 distinct but structurally conserved members, including both the functionally conserved ARF proteins and the functionally disparate ARL proteins. The latter proteins currently comprise two distinct gene products in Drosophila (arl and ARL84F) and one in man (ARL2).

ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1↗
PubMed1993

A report of human parvovirus B19 infection in hydrops fetalis. First Australian cases confirmed by serology and immunohistology.

OBJECTIVE: To present the first Australian cases of fetal hydrops induced by parvovirus B19. CLINICAL FEATURES: Autopsies on two cases of intrauterine fetal death with hydrops fetalis and pallor revealed evidence of myocarditis and widespread characteristic inclusion-bearing cells, predominantly erythroblasts. The diagnosis of hydrops fetalis induced by parvovirus B19 was confirmed in both cases by immunohistological localisation of the viral inclusions by means of a monoclonal antibody to the VP1 and VP2 proteins of parvovirus B19. A low level of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies was detected in the second case. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that our relatively small population and lack of familiarity with the histopathological features may have led to underdiagnosis rather than a true absence of fetal parvovirus B19 infection in Australia. The condition can be diagnosed and treated antenatally and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of hydrops fetalis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plant antitumor agents. 30. Synthesis and structure activity of novel camptothecin analogs.

A large number of camptothecin (CPT) analogs have been prepared in the 20S, 20RS, and 20R configurations with a number of ring A substituents. Topoisomerase I (T-I) inhibition data (IC50) have been obtained by standard procedures. In general, substitution at the 9 or 10 positions with amino, halogeno, or hydroxyl groups in compounds with 20S configuration results in compounds with enhanced T-I inhibition. Compounds in the 20RS configuration were less active in vitro and in vivo and those in the 20R configuration were inactive. Compounds with 10,11-methylenedioxy substitution on ring A displayed a marked increase in potency in the T-I inhibition assay. The activities of some of the analogs as determined in a variety of in vivo assays including the L-1210 mouse leukemia assay were, in general, in accord with T-I inhibition. A number of water-soluble analogs such as 20-glycinate esters, 9-glycinamides, or hydrolyzed lactone salts were prepared and tested in in vitro and in vivo assays. In general, these compounds were less active than CPT both in terms of T-I inhibition and life prolongation in the L-1210 assay. However, certain 20-glycinate esters showed good in vivo activity after iv administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lessons from Lithuania: rethinking public health training.

Lithuania faces stark problems that are familiar to most countries in the former Soviet Union: high morbidity and mortality rates, pollution, an unstable economy, and rapid changes in the financing and organisation of health care. In this environment Moore and Dixon visited Kaunas Medical Academy to help identify how training in public health medicine could contribute towards improving the health of the population. Although over 200 hours are devoted to public health training for medical undergraduates, teaching is unfocused, fragmented, and includes little epidemiology--the core subject for public health physicians. Teaching is mainly through long lectures with few group discussions. Student participation and motivation are low. As well as recommending redesign of the curriculum, Moore and Dixon suggested training in teaching methods for teachers. They also suggested that postgraduate training in public health should begin and should be targeted at hospital managers, teaching staff, and existing public health physicians.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Glomerular dimensions in children under 16 years of age.

Glomerular area, perimeter, and mean maximum glomerular diameter were assessed in post-mortem kidney tissue from 114 children who died suddenly in accidents and who were considered to have been previously healthy. One hundred glomeruli were measured from each case using a computer-based measurement system. Regression analysis was used to analyse glomerular size with respect to age, body weight, height, and body mass index. The estimated mean glomerular area for newborns was 7934 microns 2 (SE 314), increasing 8 per cent per year to 18,219 microns 2 at 15 years of age. The estimated mean maximum glomerular diameter increased from 112 microns (SE 1.9 microns) for newborns, approximately 3.6 microns per year to reach 167 microns at age 15. Glomerular size correlated better with age than with height, weight, or body mass index, and glomeruli in the inner cortex were significantly larger than those in the middle and outer cortex. Glomerular size was significantly greater in female children than in the male children over the age range examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Epidermolysis bullosa and severe ulcerative colitis in an infant.

An infant with epidermolysis bullosa simplex had diarrhea at 3 weeks of age; severe ulcerative colitis was subsequently diagnosed. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex has not been associated with gastrointestinal disease except for buccal ulceration.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1993

Pathological findings in hanging and wedging deaths in infants and young children.

Records of the Adelaide Children's Hospital Histopathology Department were reviewed for cases of deaths resulting from hanging or wedging occurring in early childhood and infancy. The 14 cases identified were analyzed with respect to age, sex, circumstances of death, and postmortem findings. The mean age at death was 14 months (range, 6-36 months) and the male to female ratio was 9:5. In one case, death occurred in a baby car seat, another in a pram/stroller, and in another a curtain cord was responsible. In the remaining 11 cases, death occurred in the baby's crib. In eight cases the mechanism of death was hanging with partial suspension, including six cases in which part of the infant's clothing became caught on the crib. Petechial hemorrhages on the face were found in all of the hanging deaths whereas intrathoracic petechiae were identified in only two cases. Only one of the wedging deaths showed facial petechiae whereas intrathoracic petechiae were identified in four of the six cases. Conjunctival hemorrhages were only recorded in only two of the 14 cases.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

Complete eradication of Aspergillus fumigatus from the lung in an immunocompromised patient by oral itraconazole.

Itraconazole is a new orally active antifungal agent shown to have in vitro and experimental activity against Aspergillus spp. This case report documents the successful eradication of biopsy-proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 17 year old boy with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Cerebral involvement by the fungal infection was suspected clinically but was not biopsy proven. Although the patient subsequently died following bone marrow transplant and Escherichia coli septicaemia there was no evidence of residual Aspergillus at autopsy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Warning! Schools can damage your health: alienation from school and its impact on health behaviour.

An international study of health behaviour among school-age children was co-ordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The data were obtained from a self-completion questionnaire examining key health behaviours and associated psycho-social variables obtained from representative samples of young people in school aged 11.5, 13.5, and 15.5 years. The analysis focuses on the relationship between older (15.5 years) students' attitudes towards school and health behaviours such as regular smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and food choices. The data show a strong and progressive relationship between indicators of 'alienation' from school, and health compromising behaviours among school students from Australia and Wales. This relationship is most obvious with the 'abusive' behaviours of smoking and alcohol misuse. Summary data for nine other countries in the WHO study indicate that this relationship is found consistently across all countries in the study. This substantial minority of students (approximately 30% varying between countries) represents an important target population for efforts to promote healthy lifestyles. Traditional school health education is seen as insufficient to tackle this task and recommendations are made concerning change to the school environment and ethos, and the need to reach young people in their home and community settings.

Adolescent↗