Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Monnier

Publications and source records attributed to L Monnier.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Mechanical effects of obesity on lung function (author's transl)].

Spirometry, blood gases, steady state diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxyde, ductance for carbon monoxyde were determined in 27 obeses. In 13 of them we also measured closing volume. In 80 per cent of these patients we observed a decrease in expiratory reserve volume certainly due to a shift on the right of the chest wall volume-pressure curve. In 50% of the obeses we found an arterial hypoxia, usually observed when the expiratory level was lower than closing volume. Finally in 20% of the subjects we observed a decrease in diffusing lung capacity and/or ductances probably due to an important fall in and expiratory level at the closing volume level with impairment of the distribution of ventilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Recent advances on vitamin D (author's transl)].

Our knowledge of vitamin D metabolism has undergone major advances within the last few years. The vitamin D3 produced by the skin or absorbed across the intestine is converted successively to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by the liver and to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) by the kidney. The latter metabolite is also the most active on three types of target tissue: gut, bone and kidney. The mechanism of action of 1,25-(OH2D3 has been investigated mostly in the intestinal tract, where it increased calcium absorption by stimulating the synthesis of such transfer proteins as the calcium binding protein (Ca BP). Although the level of 1,25 (OH)2D3 is regulated by vitamin D intake, it depends mainly on renal hydroxylation, the limiting step which controls 1,25-(OH)2D3 production. Both parathyroid hormone and calcium or phosphorus depletion stimulate renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase; 1,25-(OH)2D3 is also regulated directly or indirectly (through its action on the parathyroid glands) by a feedback system. In some diseases such as hepatic insufficiency and chronic renal failure, a profound impairment in endogenous synthesis of the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D results in sever calcium and skeletal disese. During the last decade, the therapeutic possibilities in vitamin D deficiency have been greatly improved by the synthesis of new derivatives of vitamin D and by a better knowledge of their bioavailability

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1979

[Late hypoglycaemia in chemical diabetes. Abnormalities of pancreatic glucagon secretion and effect of pectine (author's transl)].

Nineteen patients suffering from chemical diabetes either with (group A, ten cases) or without (group B, nine cases) reactive hypoglycaemia were included in the study and compared with seven control (group C). The following variables were measured over a 5 hour period during a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): (i) blood glucose by continuous monitoring; (ii) plasma insulin and glucagon levels by radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, in five diabetics of group A, the data from the standard OGTT were compared with those from a pectin-supplemented OGTT (9 g per square meter of body surface). Although the insulin response was similar glucagon levels were significantly higher (45.1 +/- 11.8 pmol/l) (p less than 0.01) in group B than in group A (9.6 +/- 1.3) and C (8.1 +/- 1.4 at 30 minutes). The high glucagon levels noted in group B may explain the absence of reactive hypoglycaemia. The pectin supplementation improved the OGTT pattern by blunting the blood glucose peak (p less than 0.05), and avoiding the reactive hypoglycaemia (p less than 0.01). The addition of pectin did not produce any significant effect on the insulin response while a significant increase in glucagon concentrations (p less than 0.05) was observed beyond the 150th minute. Therefore, the data suggest that pectin may improve the OGTT pattern by increasing the glucagon response in the late period of the test. The development of postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia seldom coincides with a plasma glucagon peak, while the absence of reactive hypoglycaemia tends to be associated with high levels of glucagon, as is the case in overt diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Antithrombin III deficiency in diabetes mellitus: influence on vascular degenerative complications.

Plasma Antithrombin III (At III), a natural inhibitor of coagulation, was determined using a single radial immunodiffusion technique. In 116 diabetics, plasma At III levels were significantly decreased (26.6 +/- 0.4 mg/100 ml) compared with those in 64 controls (31.0 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.001). An elevation of plasma fibrinogen degradation products in 42 per cent of our patients, and a positive linear relationship between platelet counts and At III levels ( r = 0.29, P less than 0.01), provided additional evidence for chronic disseminated intravascular clotting in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinal complications were more frequent in patient with low plasma At III levels (50.6 per cent of cases) than in those exhibiting At III concentrations within a normal range: 32.4 per cent of cases (X2 = 6.09, P less than 0.02). It is postulated that the low levels of At III encountered in diabetes result from excessive consumption, and that the deficiency may be responsible for the onset and/or aggravation of intravascular clotting. At III deficiency may therefore contribute to vascular degenerative complications, particularly those leading to diabetic retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Intestinal and renal handling of calcium in human diabetes mellitus: influence of acute oral glucose loading and diabetic control.

The intestinal absorption and the urinary excretion of calcium were compared in two groups of diabetic patients during periods of satisfactory and poor control. In a first group of ten patients, periods of isolated high glycosuria were obtained by giving an oral glucose load. The second group consisted of ten patients with a severe endogenous insulin deficiency. The subjects of this latter group were investigated before and after a few days of insulin therapy. In group I, the oral glucose load induced a significant increase in the intestinal calcium absorption and had a tendency to lower the urinary calcium excretion. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was found between the changes in the intestinal calcium absorption and the variations of the urinary calcium excretion. In group II, both intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of calcium fell significantly after recovery of satisfactory metabolic control by insulin therapy. From the results as obtained in group I one can conclude that glucose enhances the calcium transfer from the luminal to the serosal pole of both intestinal and renal tubular cells. During severe ketosis as observed in group II, calcium metabolism is considerably accelerated and the increase in the intestinal calcium absorption rate may be interpreted as compensatory mechanism for the high urinary loss of calcium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of diabetic keto-acidosis through continuous insulin infusion].

Presented are results obtained with a continuous intravenous infusion of regular insulin in 13 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis. A bolus of 10 units of insulin followed by an average of 15 units delivered via an infusion pomp induce an immediate and regular decrease of blood glucose levels (1.63 +/- 0.15 g/h). A large quantity of glucose (25 g per hour) shortens duration of ketosis (7.0 +/- 1.2 h).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Chronic nephropathy in saturnism. Comparative elimination of lead by classic chelating agents and peritoneal dialysis].

The authors report one case of saturnism with chronic nephropathy. In a 49 years old Caucasian male, the diagnosis was suggested by the following findings. Two acute abdominal crisis associated with a severe increase in blood pressure and a slight but significant elevation in the lead concentration in blood (1 mg/l) and urine (0,42 and 0,60 mg/24 h). The chronic poisoning was explained by the high lead concentration in the drinking water used by the patient. Despite chronic renal failure, a significant lead urinary chelation was obtained after infusion of Edetate calcium disodium (8 mg/24 h). Although E.D.T.A. keep its value for diagnosis this chelating agent is less effective on lead removal than the peritoneal dialysis (15 mg over a 36 hour-period) which appears to be the most useful method for treatment in case of chronic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Study of renal functions by repeated constant infusion of radiotracers before and after initiation of therapy in hypertension or in diabetes mellitus.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were simultaneously measured by obtaining an isotopic steady state during a continuous infusion of 125I orthoiodohippurate (OIHA). A good correlation was found between the clearances of Ioth (y) and of inulin or polyfructosan (x) : y = 1.18 X (x) + 8.43 (r = 0.96; P less than 0.001) and between the clearances of OIHA (y') and of PAH (x') : y' = 0.62 X (x') + 21.2 (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001). When renal functions were impaired the use of Ioth was not convenient since the infusion time necessary to reach a radioactive plateau was longer than 3 hours. On the contrary, excellent results were obtained by using OIHA. In this case, the main advantages were the absence of urine collection and the rapid obtention of an isotopic equilibrium. The repeated determination of renal clearances in hypertensive or diabetic patients appears to be useful in the study of changes induced by antihypertensive drugs or insulin. Clearances were slightly improved by clonidine, claimed to be useful in hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. GFR and ERPF were rapidly increased by insure on the metabolic and hemodynamic changes induced by insulin than on the return to normal of glomerular basement membrane permeability.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗