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Biomedical subjects

L Monnier

Publications and source records attributed to L Monnier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Comparison of biosynthetic human insulin and purified pork insulin. Studies in insulin-resistant obese patients using the insulin suppression test].

An insulin suppression test performed in random order with either biosynthetic human insulin or purified pork insulin was used to compare biological activity of these two insulins in obese patients suffering from varying degrees of glucose intolerance. Blood glucose curve, steady-state blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity indices and steady-state plasma insulin levels were identical during the two sets of tests. Furthermore endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion were similarly suppressed. The insulin suppression test is a simple and rapid procedure to compare the biological activity of fast-acting insulins. Our results confirm the insulin-resistance in obesity and clearly show that biosynthetic human and porcine insulins have similar biological potency.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Liver function after 65% hepatectomy in the dog: role of pancreatic blood flow].

The effects of different types of porto-systemic shunts were judged on vitamin D 25-hydroxylation and proaccelerin synthesis, in 65% hepatectomized dogs. Three types of shunts were performed: termino-lateral porto-caval shunt, mesenterico-caval shunt and spleno-pancreatico-caval shunt. The mesenterico-caval shunt provided better results than the other shunts, probably because of a better preservation of pancreatic hormone supplies to the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dietary gamma-linolenate supplementation on serum lipids and platelet function in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

In order to gain insight into the mechanism of platelet dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetics we studied in 17 patients the influence of a 6-week period with a dietary supplement of gamma-linolenate: 2 g/d (group I, n = 8) or 500 mg/d (group II, n = 9). Serum lipids, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG), platelet aggregation in vitro, and TxB2 and PGE1 released from platelets during the aggregation process were measured. In group I, serum triglycerides fell from 1.57 +/- 0.28 mmol/l to 0.99 +/- 0.17 mmol/l (P less than 0.01) and cholesterol fell from 5.85 +/- 0.55 mmol/l to 5.08 +/- 0.52 mmol/l (P less than 0.01). In group I plasma beta TG fell from 100.0 +/- 15.7 ng/ml to 73.7 +/- 12.1 ng/ml (P less than 0.025), while the sum of the percentages of the C18:3 omega 6 and its chain elongated (C20:3 omega 6) and desaturated (C20:4 omega 6) metabolites increased in serum triglycerides (P less than 0.05), cholesterol esters (P less than 0.02) and phospholipids (P less than 0.02). No changes were observed on the other parameters in either group. The results show that the lowering effects of gamma-linolenate on serum triglycerides, cholesterol and plasma beta TG occur only with daily intakes of 2 g. The changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids suggest that the gamma-linolenate intake of 2 g may exert its beneficial effect through an increased incorporation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, but no firm conclusion can be drawn as membrane platelet fatty acid composition was not evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Efficaciousness of enteral feeding at continuous low flow in the treatment of anorexia nervosa].

Metabolic studies were performed in 8 of 14 patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after nutritional therapy. The decrease of lean body mass, as judged by the low values of the creatinine-height index (CHI), and the normal levels of visceral proteins demonstrate the marasmic pattern of undernutrition in AN. Low 24-hour urinary 3-methylhistidine and urea levels agree with adaptation to malnutrition by decreasing in muscular breakdown. With enteral and oral feeding, weight gain was impressive and CHI reached normal values; 3-methylhistidine increased, reflecting enhancement of myofibrillar protein metabolism. By the end of refeeding, the levels of rapid-turnover proteins (prealbumin, retinol-binding protein) were higher than normal. Thus enteral feeding appears to be an efficient treatment of malnutrition in severe AN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of porcine and human regular insulins using an artificial pancreas].

Porcine extracted monocomponent insulins and human semi-synthetic insulins obtained by enzymatic conversion of porcine insulin had exactly the same clinical effectiveness on blood glucose balance when compared with an artificial pancreas during two 48-hour studies 2 or 3 days apart. There was no significant difference between maximum and minimum blood glucose variations, glycaemic falls and Schlichtkrull coefficient. Glycaemia increased and decreased during meals at a slightly slower rate with human insulin than with porcine insulin, but the differences were not significant. With both types of insulin therapy, insulin requirements per gram of ingested carbohydrates were proportionally more important in the morning than during the rest of the day, dans baseline requirements tended to increase during the day.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chronic insulin urticaria. Therapeutic efficacy and good tolerability of human insulins].

A case of type III (Arthus') hypersensitivity to insulin which occurred several years after insulin treatment was instituted is described. Its persistence even with highly purified insulins of bovine or porcine origin was suggestive of a direct reaction against insulin itself. The patient had no history of allergy and, contrary to most similar cases published, had not received intermittent insulin therapy. Using stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis, the authors were able to demonstrate the presence of specific antigen-mediated hypersensitivity to all insulins tested, including human insulins. The circulating immune complexes did not appear to be pathogenic, since the patient only had minimal retinopathy after 22 years of insulin-dependent diabetes. Human insulin was tolerated and proved effective in controlling both blood glucose levels and skin rashes in response to conventional insulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The influence of indomethacin and possible role of prostaglandins on calcium renal excretion.

Our aim was to evaluate the possible role of prostaglandins (PG) on renal calcium excretion in humans through the PG inhibitory effects of indomethacin. Renal calcium excretion was evaluated by a technique of impulse analysis which gives a function W(t) specific of the tubular calcium transport. Several parameters were derived from this function: (1) the fractional excretion of filtered calcium as % of total dose (FECa % TD); (2) the peak excretion rate, and (3) the mean transit time (MTT, min). The aforementioned parameters were determined in 7 healthy subjects in basal conditions and again after 10 days of treatment with 100 mg indomethacin daily. FECa was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher with indomethacin (8.18 +/- 0.97) than under basal conditions (5.02 +/- 0.57). The peak excretion rate and MTT remained unchanged after indomethacin. These results indicate that indomethacin increases renal calcium excretion. As indomethacin did not produce any significant change in glomerular filtration rate (125 +/- 7 ml/min before vs. 129 +/- 9 ml/min after) one can assume that PG play a role in tubular calcium reabsorption. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated: direct action or mediated through the cyclic AMP system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The influence of indomethacin and possible role of prostaglandin on renal calcium excretion (author's transl)].

Our aim was to evaluate the possible role of prostaglandins (PG) on renal calcium excretion in humans through the PG inhibitory effects of indomethacin. Renal calcium excretion was evaluated by a technique of impulse analysis which gives a specific index of tubular calcium transport. Several parameters were derived from this specific transport function W(t): 1) the fractional excretion of filtered calcium as % of total dose (FECa % TD); 2) the peak excretion rate; 3) the mean transit time (MTT, min). The aforementioned parameters were determined in 7 healthy subjects in basal conditions and again after 10 days of treatment with 100 mg indomethacin daily. FECa was significantly (P less than 0.02) higher with indomethacin (8.18 +/- 0.97) than under basal conditions : (5.02 +/- 0.57). The peak excretion rate and MTT remained unchanged after indomethacin. These results indicate that indomethacin increases renal calcium excretion. As indomethacin did not produce any significant change in glomerular filtration rate (125 +/- 7 ml/min before v.s. 129 +/- 9 after) one can assume that PG play a role in tubular calcium reabsorption. However the mechanism remains to be elucidated : direct action of mediated through the cyclic AMP system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of somatostatin on intestinal calcium absorption in man with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Eight patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism were studied in basal conditions, i.e. during a saline infusion and under somatostatin administration (a 250 micrograms bolus injection followed by continuous infusion of 500 micrograms per hour over 240 min). The calcium metabolism was estimated from (i) concentrations of plasma calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), iPTH and (ii) intestinal calcium absorption determined by a double radiotracer technique using oral 47Ca and IV 45Ca. The results show that somatostatin produced no significant change in calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH-D or iPTH levels. On the contrary, the fractional absorption of calcium (FA Ca), expressed as a percentage of the total oral dose and measured at 30 minute intervals over 240 min, was significantly depressed with somatostatin during the first 2 hours. Beyond the second hour FA Ca remained slightly depressed with somatostatin, but was not significantly different from the basal conditions. From the present results, we conclude that somatostatin slows down calcium absorption, while the total amount of calcium absorbed at the completion of the absorption process is not significantly diminished. Furthermore, as 25-OH-D and iPTH remained unchanged, somatostatin seems to have no effect on the hormonal control of calcium absorption. Therefore, we suggest that somatostatin has only a mechanical effect on calcium absorption, slowing down the intestinal transit.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1980

Evidence and mechanism for pectin-reduced intestinal inorganic iron absorption in idiopathic hemochromatosis.

The intestinal absorption of iron was measured in 13 patients suffering from idiopathic hemochromatosis by using a double radiotracer technique. For each patient, iron absorption was determined in the fasting state, i.e., under basal conditions, and after an oral indigestible fiber load (9 g/m2 of body surface) with either pectin (group I: eight patients) or cellulose (group II: five patients). The results were compared with those from a group of seven normal control subjects investigated under basal conditions. The patients with haemochromatosis (groups I and II) had a significant increase in the basal value of fractional iron absorption as compared with controls. In the patients of group I, the pectin induced a significant fall in fractional iron absorption (P less than 0.02). In group II, iron absorption rates remained unchanged whether or not cellulose was given. Furthermore, we found in vitro that pectin had a high iron binding activity, while cellulose bound none. From the present study, we conclude that pectin but not cellulose reduces iron absorption by forming unabsorbable complexes with dietary iron. Thus, enrichment of the diet with foods providing significant amounts of noncellulosic dietary fibers, such as pectin, may be useful in the management of hemochromatosis patients.

Adult↗