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Biomedical subjects

L Mettler

Publications and source records attributed to L Mettler.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Influence of sera from spermatozoa-immunized mice on the in vitro fertilization rate of the mouse (author's transl)].

The present paper describes the influence of antibodies against spermatozoa on the in vitro fertilization of inbred mice. "Antibodies against spermatozoa' were obtained by immunization in the syngeneic and allogeneic system of C57BL/J Hand and C3H/2He female mice with washed spermatozoa of the corresponding male partners. These antibodies were added to the in vitro culture. The resulting fertilization rates were compared with control cultures where sera of non-immunized and erythrocytes sensitized mice were added. For comparison the same experiments were performed with isolated gamma-globulin fractions of the antisera. The influence of the antibodies against spermatozoa was deomonstrated by the reduction of the cleavage rate (1-2% cleaved oocytes) in comparison to the normally acheived fertilization rate of about 50%. In addition, the oocytes of the experimental group revealed shrinking of the cell mass in all cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunology and reproduction. I. Sterility immunology.

This review on sterility immunology deals exclusively with immunological mechanisms hindering gamete junction. It does not elaborate the different immunological aspects of infertility after gamete junction. Thus spermatozoal seminal plasma and ovum antigens producing auto- or isoimmunization as immunological mechanisms hindering gamete junction in vitro and in vivo are discussed. Local immune response is compared to general immune response discerning between antibody production and cellular immunity. The commonly used diagnostic tools, the application of these test methods, the clinical therapeutical significance and the scientific objectives for further research in the area of reproductive immunology are outlined. It becomes evident that research in immunology of reproduction is performed with two targets: (1) diagnosis and treatment of the so-called 'immunological sterility', and (2) development of an immunological contraceptive.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect on fertility of female mice of the transfer of lymphocytes from females previously immunized with mouse spermatozoa.

To examine the influence of cellular immunity to spermatozoa on the fertility of inbred mice, leucocytes were transferred from other female mice that had been immunized with spermatozoa. Both syngeneic and allogeneic systems were investigatd. The cellular immune reaction was estimated using a footpad swelling test before and after the cell transfer. There was a significant increase of the paw thickness and a statistically significant reduction in fertility only for C3H mice immunized with C57BL spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Spermatozoal hapten gained via autolysis.

Using autolysis different spermatozoa surface peptides were solubilized. The resulting low molecular weight compounds were further separated by gel-chromatography on Biogel P-4, thin-layer chromatography on Cel 400 and thin-layer-electrophoresis. After the conjugation of the compound with cytochrome C a conformation-independent determinant was detected with immuno-electrophoresis. Out of the 17 fractions tested only fraction 3, with a molecular weight of 1800 daltons revealed a precipitation reaction with human sperm-immobilizing sera and rabbit antihuman sperm-serum. All 17 fractions showed no precipitation reaction against human sperm-agglutinating sera.

Autolysis↗
PubMed1979

[Hyper- and normoprolactinaemia with amenorrhea and galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrom (author's transl)].

10 amenorrhea-patients and 5 galactorrhea-amenorrhea-patients were treated wi2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) as a specific prolactin inhibitor. Side-effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and nausea could be reduced to a minimum by delivering the drug with the meal at night. Before and under the treatment hormone levels were determined in plasma and 24-hour-urine. In the beginning all 15 patients showed a hyperprolactinaemia with a nearly always simultaneously existing hypogonadotropinaemia and the absence of LH-peaks. Also the estrogen- and progesterone-concentrations were on the lower normal level or extremely suppressed. In all patients CB 154 therapy led to a quick decrease of the prolactin levels, to a regaining of typical LH- and FSH-episodes, as well as to a regeneration of ovarian function. 5 women reacted with an ovulation, 3 became pregnant. The galactorrhea diminished significantly and stopped finally after a treatment of one week to 6 months. Discontinuation of CB 154-therapy, however, often provoked the galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrome again. For women with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhea a gestagen- and estrogen-test were carried out in order to classify the amenorrhea-type and it was tried to induce an ovulation with Dyneric. For patients with a strong desire for children and without any organic cause for their sterility, in cases of ovarian insufficiency grade I and II a HMG-HCG-treatment was often indicated. In spite of a precise control in order to avoid an overstimulation of the ovaries about 1% of the Dyneric-treated and even 30% of the HMG-HCG-treated patients developed ovarian cysts. In spite of high doses of gonadotropins only 32,5% of our sterility-patients (group I and II) became pregnant, whereas about 60% of the hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhea-patients (group VI) conceived under CB 154 treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of a human spermatozoal hapten "II2.2' and its reaction with naturally occurring human sperm-immobilizing sera from infertile patients.

An extract of human spermatozoa was prepared using Hyamine 2389 and Triton X-100. With gel and ion-exchange chromatography several fractions were obtained of which are reacted specifically with sperm-immobilizing antibodies of infertile females and males in an immune inhibition test. This fraction showed haptenic properties, ahd a molecular weight of 1600 and was excluded as an anticomplement factor. After conjugation with cytochrome c the hapten II2.2 formed precipitation reactions with 3 out of 4 sperm-immobilizing sera. The titer reduction in sperm-immobilizing sera after adsorption with II2.2 may represent an in vitro model for a possible treatment of infertility in cases of a humoral sensitization against spermatozoa. On the other hand, the hapten might easily be synthesized and could, after conjugation to an appropriate carrier, serve as a contraceptive vaccine.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of female infertility due to tubal obstruction by operative laparoscopy.

The advent in recent years of safe endocoagulation (thermocoagulation within the abdomen) has permitted operative laparoscopic treatment of the tubal factor in infertility in selected cases. This paper reviews the results of operative laparoscopy in 223 cases treated for infertility between 1971 and 1976. Tubal occlusion was present in 133 patients before surgical intervention. Following operative laparoscopy, tubal patency was demonstrated in 67% on testing at the time of operation and in 12% at the first postoperative hydrotubation. In only 21% of cases was tubal patency not achieved by these methods. Those cases requiring isthmic salpingostomy, ampullary or isthmic-tubal implantation, or end-to-end anastomosis were further treated by laparotomy and microsurgery. Ninety cases of pelvic endometriosis were treated by a combination treatment of thermocoagulation, ovarian cyst resection, and the antigonadotropin agent, danazol. Ovariolysis, salpingolysis, fimbrioplasty, and salpingostomy can easily be performed using operative laparoscopy as the method of choice with a minimum of complications, shortened hospitalization time (2 days), and the potential for a repeat procedure or a follow-up laparotomy should this be necessary. The pregnancy rate following laparoscopic treatment for the correction of distal tubal occlusion was 30.5% and for endometriosis genitalis externa, 40%. These rates compare favorably with the rates following procedures involving laparotomy and microsurgery for correction of similar lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of human spermatozoa membrane antigens binding sperm-immobilizing and sperm-agglutinating antibodies.

Peptides of human spermatozoa were dissolved with Hyamine 2389 and Triton X-100 and separated by chromatography on Biogel P4 columns into seven fractions. The antigenic activities of the separated sperm-membrane fractions were tested according to their capacity to inhibit sperm agglutination and sperm immobilization (immune inhibition test) in human sera of sterile patients. Sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immobilizing activity was tested by the microtray agglutination and microtray immobilization test. A titer reduction was achieved only in sperm-immobilizing sera. Four sperm antigenic fractions revealed in the majority of the repeatedly tested sperm-immobilizing sera an inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction. No reaction was observed after exhaustive absorption of the tested seven antigen fractions with sperm-agglutinating sera. Therefore the conclusion can be drawn that sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immobilizing antibodies react with different sperm antigens. Normal human sera without sperm antibodies served as control. As no sperm agglutination or sperm immobilization was obtained after absorption of these control sera our antigen fractions do not produce sperm agglutination or sperm immobilization.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and biochemical experiences with danazol in the treatment of endometriosis in cases with female infertility.

Based on "second look" pelviscopic control in 438 cases of pelvic endometrosis, additional hormonal antigonadotrophin therapy with danazol represents the most effective treatment for endometriosis. The rationale is well explained by Dmowski and Scommegna (1976). As endocrine treatment alone cannot control severe cases of endometriosis, in recent years a combined 3-step surgical-endocrine-surgical therapy, with thermocoagulation of endometriotic foci, cyst wall resection of endometriomas and consecutive thermocoagulation has proved to be the optimal therapy for endometriosis in general and especially in cases of sterilty. While additional progestogen therapy resulted in a 60% rate of remission of the symptoms of endometriosis, danazol gave a 90% success rate in the 3-step therapy. This 3-step therapy avoids many cases of radical surgery during the reproductive age in women with endometriosis. The pregnancy rate of 312 patients treated between 1976 and 1978 with danazol amounted to 45% compared with a pregnancy rate of 32% treated with lynestrenol and laparoscopy.

Danazol↗