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Biomedical subjects

L Lindholm

Publications and source records attributed to L Lindholm.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Influence of food intake on antihypertensive drugs: spironolactone.

A series of studies has been initiated to examine the influence of concomitant food intake on the effects of antihypertensive drugs during long-term therapy. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of spironolactone and the steady-state concentrations of its major, active metabolite canrenone were compared in 10 hypertensive patients after two 60-day periods of spironolactone treatment, 100 mg once daily, prescribed to be ingested before and together with breakfast, respectively. There was no significant difference in the blood pressure and heart rate values during the two treatment periods, and the canrenone levels were similar. As spironolactone can cause gastric irritation, the present findings support the recommendation that spironolactone always be prescribed for once-daily intake together with breakfast.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Colorectal carcinomas have a characteristic ganglioside pattern.

The gangliosides in six colorectal and two pancreatic carcinomas were examined. Their concentration in the primary tumour and the metastases was 5-10 fold higher than in normal colon mucosa. This increase involved the simple gangliosides, GM3 and GD3, as well as complex mono- and disialogangliosides. Some complex monosialogangliosides were detected in all the colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas but neither in normal colon mucosa and pancreas nor in kidney and lung carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Inhibitory effect of transplanted syngeneic thymus fragments, thymus epithelium and thymocytes on the increased contact sensitivity reaction in the adult thymectomized mouse.

Thymectomy in the adult mouse leads to an increased ability to develop contact sensitivity. The effect of different types of thymus grafts to adult thymectomized mice on contact sensitivity was studied in the present investigation. An inhibition was observed after transplantation either of uncultured thymus tissue, cultured thymus epithelium or of thymocytes. The results of the study favor the hypothesis that a continuous production of suppressor cells regulates contact sensitivity in the adult mouse.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Is the vasospasm following subarachnoidal hemorrhage an immunoreactive disease?

Subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) from an arterial aneurysm is often followed by vasospasm which may lead to severe or even fatal ischemic brain lesions. The cause of the vasospasm is still unknown. In the present study it is shown that patients with SAH and roentgenological and/or clinical vasospasm have a significantly higher frequency (52%) of circulating immune complexes in the blood than patients with SAH without spasm (9%). This finding indicates that the vasospasm following SAH may be elicited via an immunoreaction.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Immunological changes in patients with previous malignant essential hypertension.

Increased T-lymphocyte reactivity against human arterial antigen was significantly more common in a group of 20 patients with previously malignant essential hypertension than in matched control subjects. Serum-levels of IgG and IgM and the prevalence of autoantibodies were also significantly higher in the patients. It is suggested that these changes, whether primary or secondary, may contribute to or aggravate the vascular damage in this condition and are therefore of pathogenetic importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of diflunisal and acetylsalicylic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A double-blind comparison of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of varying doses of diflunisal (DFS) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was carried out in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were given no other antirheumatic medication. An effort was made to select appropriate anamnestic, functional and sociofunctional tests and to optimize their validity by careful measurements performed by the same specialized physiotherapist and occupational therapist. In addition, the serum concentration of DFS and salicylic acid were monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The therapeutic effects of DFS was at least as good as that of ASA. Moreover, DFS was better tolerated; all 7 patients on DFS could sustain the maximum dose (1g) of this drug, while that of ASA (4g) was tolerated by only one of 8 patients. All these experienced side effects, necessitating drug withdrawal in 3 cases, one being a serious hepatotoxic reaction. DFS treatment, on the other hand, was associated with only one minor side effect. The side effect difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The analyses of drug concentrations in serum verified that all patients were exposed to DFS and ASA as planned, adding safety to the judgement of the therapeutic effects. The findings support the view that the novel salicylic acid derivative DFS may offer a therapeutic advantage in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; it seems to have at least the same therapeutic effect as ASA an may be better tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of adult thymectomy on the development of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitivity and other T lymphocyte functions in patients with myasthenia gravis.

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) contact sensitivity and other T lymphocyte functions were studied in thymectomized and non-thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis. The ability to develop contact sensitivity was reduced in patients with myasthenia gravis and was further reduced after thymectomy. Memory lymphocyte function, as measured by skin tests with common microbial antigens, was intact. A positive phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test was found mainly in those patients who also developed contact sensitivity to DNCB. The number of rosette-forming T cells in the peripheral blood as well as mitogen stimulation with PHA was found to be normal in thymectomized as well as non-thymectomized patients. In the thymectomized group, mitogen stimulation with concanavalin A and staphylococcal protein A was also within the normal range, while increased stimulation was obtained with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative (PPD). No alteration in mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity or immunoglobulin levels was obtained compared with healthy blood donors. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that non-thymectomized as well as thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis may have a defective subpopulation of T cells possibly residing in the TH1-positive population. Furthermore, the increased lymphocyte stimulation obtained with PPD and PWM may indicate a reduction of suppressor cell activity after thymectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Transfer factor in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a controlled study.

A controlled cross-over study with transfer factor was carried out on 7 patients suffering from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Only one patient showed clinical improvement, which started during a period of pretreatment with 5-fluorocytosine given orally 14 days before the patient entered this trial. No conversion to a positive skin test with Candida antigen or PPD was demonstrated following TF in the 6 patients who were anergic to either of these antigens. Variations in the cell-mediated immune response as revealed by lymphocyte transformation were observed in most patients, especially when studied over a long period of time. However, no pronounced efficacy of TF vis-à-vis placebo in normalizing the cell-mediated immune response could be demonstrated in the 5 patients who completed the clinical trial. Systemic side effects were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Demonstration of a thymus derived, splenic suppressor cell responsible for the age-dependent decrease in contact hypersensitivity in the adult mouse.

A suppression of contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride has been demonstrated in adult thymectomized, 4 and 5 1/2 mo-old CBA mice after i.v. injection of spleen cells from intact CBA mice of the same age. The cells signifcantly suppressed the elicitation of the allergic contact sensitivity reaction and this effect could be inhibited by pretreating the cells with anti-Thy 1 serum and complements. The induction phase was found to be unaffected. However, spleen cells from donors which had received an i.v. injection of picryl sulfonic acid suppressed the induction as well as the elicitation phase of the contact dermatitis. On the basis of these results it appears reasonable to conclude that the decline in the ability to develop contact hypersensitivity in aging mice may be due to the development of a splenic suppressor T cell, mainly affecting the elicitation of the contact hypersensitivity reaction.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Depressed non-specific lymphocyte reactivity in psoriasis.

T-lymphocyte number and functions were studied in 24 patients with psoriasis guttata as compared to healthy controls. A decrease was found of the in vitro ability to synthetize DNA in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, poke weed mitogen and PPD, which was statistically significant for PHA. The percentage and absolute numbers of both T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes were not altered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Stimulation of immune reactivity by methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers incorporated into the feed.

In mice, the plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells was stimulated by a mixture of methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers isolated from Greenland shark liver oil and by synthetic 1-0-(2-methoxyhexadecyl)-glycerol, given in the diet. In preliminary experiments, this synthetic compound also increased the ability of parental spleen cells to induce graft-vs.-host reactions in F1 hybrid mice. Glycerol ethers occur in the bone marrow fat of mammals and in the membrane phospholipids. It is postulated that the methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers supplied in the diet may stimulate the bone marrow and/or may be incorporated into membrane lipids, thereby changing the structure and function of the membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. III. Modulating effects in vivo by cholera toxin on the graft-versus-host reactivity of lymphoid cells: suggested inhibition of suppressor cells.

The influence of cholera toxin (CT), and thus probably of cyclic AMP, on the capacity of parental lymphoid cells to elicit a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was studied. Toxin-treated DBA/1 mice were used as cell donors and untreated DBA/1xC57B1/6 F1 hybrid mice as recipients, and the GVHR reactivity of the transferred cells was estimated by their ability to induce spleen enlargement or stimulation of antibody formation ('allogenic effect') in the recipients. Spleen cells from donors intravenously injected with 1 microgram CT 1-3 days earlier, gave a significantly stronger GVHR than did spleen cells of untreated mice. Choleragenoid, a toxin analog devoid of the toxin's ability to activate plasma membrane adenylate cyclase even though it binds efficiently to cells, had no effect on the GVHR-inducing capacity of the spleen cells. The enhanced GVHR by spleen cells from toxin-treated DBA/1 animals was reduced to the normal level when the donor cells were transferred along with lymphoid cells from untreated animals of the same strain. Spleen was the most powerful source of the suppressive influence. No evidence for a redistribution of suppressor cells following administration of CT was found. Spleen cells from mice syngeneic with the recipients had no suppressive effect. The results suggest that parenterally administered CT, directly or indirectly, can inhibit a cell population in spleen which normally exerts an antigen-specific suppressive regulatory influence on the development of GVHR.

Cholera Toxin↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of the allogeneic effect by irradiation of transferred cells.

Hot-pulse treatment of parental thymus or spleen cells increased their ability to simulate antibody synthesis in F1 hybrid recipient mice. A similar effect was obtained after treatment of the cells with low doses of X-irradiation. Likewise, irradiation of syngeneic unprimed cells made them stimulatory on antibody production. The production of IgG, IgM as well as IgE antibodies was enhanced after transfer of irradiated cells. The results suggest that irradiation preferentially inactivates suppressor cells, that are present in the thymus and the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immune suppression induced by acetoacetylated antigen.

Injection of acetoacetylated antigen into rabbits with an ongoing reagin response abrogated this response. The possibility that this phenomenon might be due to activation of suppressor cells was studied in mice. Thymus or spleen cells from animals which had been primed with acetoacetylated antigen were able to suppress the IgG and IgM antibody response upon transfer to syngeneic mice. Maximal suppressive effect was observed 12-14 days after priming with native as well as acetoacetylated antigen. The IgG and IgM responses were equally affected by the transferred suppressor cells.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1977

Deficient neutrophil function in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, thymoma and myasthenia gravis.

The case of a 68-year-old man who suffered the onset of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, thymoma, myasthenia gravis and a reversible neutrophil dysfunction during adult life is reported. All tests for humoral and cellular immunity proved normal. Thymectomy and the administration of transfer factor had no effect on the skin disease. Long-term oral administration of 5-fluorocytosine almost cleared the skin lesions; the neutrophil defect disappeared.

Aged↗