Biomedical subjects

L Lindholm

Publications and source records attributed to L Lindholm.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Both high and low blood pressures risk indicators of death in middle-aged males. Isotonic regression of blood pressure on age applied to data from a 13-year prospective study.

This study was performed to investigate whether a moderately sized population of men (n = 954) living in a geographically defined area could be utilized and give valid results in a 13-year prospective study regarding mortality as a function of blood pressure. Isotonic regression of blood pressure on age was used to define groups of men with low, medium, and high blood pressure. Men aged 40-69 years in both extreme groups showed an excess death risk in comparison with those in the medium group. Thus, mortality appeared to be a U-shaped function of blood pressure in this age group. The mortality ratios of the low and high blood pressure groups vis-à-vis the medium group were higher during the first than during the second half of the observation period. Chronic diseases at the time of the initial examination were more common among men who died in the lowest blood pressure group than among those who died in the medium group. In males aged 70-99 years, blood pressure appeared to be of less importance as a risk indicator of death.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Suppression of T lymphocyte mitogen response in patients with mastocytosis.

Immunological functions were studied in 22 patients with mastocytosis. Lymphocyte stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin showed that the patients responded with lower mitogenic activity than healthy controls. Furthermore, the lymphocytes of patients with the most extensive mast cell disease had a significantly lower Con A mitogen response than the lymphocytes of the rest of the patients. The effect of histamine and its specific metabolites, tele-methylhistamine and tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA), on the Con A lymphocyte mitogen response was also studied in healthy controls. Histamine had a clear suppressive effect, while the metabolite tele-methylhistamine caused only slight inhibition and MeImAA apparently had no effect. The total T cell, suppressor and helper cell numbers, measured with monoclonal antibodies, and the amount of immunoglobulins in serum were found to be normal.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Is fatness really a risk indicator of death? A 10-16-year prospective study of patients attending the primary health care services.

A 10-16-year prospective study comprising more than 26 000 person-years was performed, to analyse whether or not patients receiving care within the primary health care services had a body mass index (BMI) related to mortality. When the mortality in the high and low BMI groups was compared with the medium one, the ratios did not differ significantly from one another. Thus, in this study, comprising patients attending primary health care, neither high BMI nor low BMI was found to be a risk indicator of death, thereby supporting earlier results from studies on BMI as a function of morbidity. BMI, or the degree of fatness, should therefore not be stressed as a general risk indicator of morbidity or mortality in patients attending the primary health care services.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Cholera antibody production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes following oral immunization of humans and mice.

We have studied specific antibody production from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) after oral cholera immunization of humans and mice. Two oral immunizations with cholera toxin (CT) in mice or a single dose of the combined cholera B-subunit/whole cell vaccine in humans gave rise to PBL which spontaneously secreted cholera-specific antibodies when cultured in vitro. A high proportion of IgA antibodies was seen in contrast to antibodies produced by PBL after parenteral immunization which were predominantly IgG. Cultured PBL produced antitoxin as well as anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies after oral immunization, whereas serum only revealed titre rises for anti-CT. Antibody-secreting PBL appeared in the blood 2-4 days after immunization and persisted for about two weeks with a peak after 6-8 days. Mitogen stimulation in vitro of PBL from multiply-orally vaccinated humans activated a population of specific IgM antibody-secreting cells which persisted for several months following immunization, suggesting the presence of long-lived memory cells. The analysis of IgA antibody production from in-vitro cultured PBL seems to be a promising technique to assess the local immunogenicity of oral vaccines.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Detection by monoclonal antibody of carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum of patients with carcinoma.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay was devised for measuring the value of the carcinoma associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum based on the use of a specific monoclonal antibody (C 50). Samples of serum from 259 patients with carcinoma, 114 patients with other malignancies or inflammatory diseases, and 150 healthy controls were examined. Serum values of CA 50 exceeding the mean plus three standard deviations for control samples from blood donors were found in a high proportion of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas (50% of those with early, localised tumours and 75% of advanced cases), other gastrointestinal carcinomas (69%), uterine cancer (75% of those with corporeal and 88% of those with cervical cancer), prostatic cancer (90%), lung cancer (52%), and breast, ovarian, kidney, and urinary bladder carcinoma (26-67%). The CA 50 values in samples from patients with inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis, with rare exceptions (0-7%) were within the normal range, as were those in patients with various sarcomas and malignant melanoma. Measuring serum values of CA 50, which is evidently a generalised carcinoma associated antigen, may be useful in clinical research studies of the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of patients with different types of carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Efficacy of a district nurse programme in the follow-up of hypertensives.

A two-year single-group study in primary health care of 223 hypertensive patients with blood pressure under satisfactory control was performed. The study investigated whether the patients could be referred to district nurses for follow-up, between visits to district physicians, without risking loss of control over their blood pressure. The initial attendance rate at the nurses was high (78-92%) but the tendency to continue the follow-up was lower (36-51%). Lack of information was the major reason for patients who discontinued the follow-up without acceptable reasons. Most non-attenders had concomitant chronic diseases and visited the health care centre because of these. About 90% of all patients returned to the district physicians as scheduled. Most attenders maintained their goal of treatment during the study. It is suggested that hypertensives above the age of 50 years whose blood pressure is under satisfactory control and who do not require regular visits to the health care centre for other chronic diseases may be referred to district nurses for follow-up without risking loss of control over their blood pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

High risk of cerebro-cardiovascular morbidity in well treated male hypertensives. A retrospective study of 40-59-year-old hypertensives in a Swedish primary care district.

In a retrospective study of 121 hypertensives aged 40-59 years in comparison with 138 controls selected from the population in the same primary care district, male hypertensives had a high odds ratio of cerebro-cardiovascular (CCV) diseases even when their blood pressure had been well treated. The estimated odds ratio (corrected for small numbers) was 13.7 (2.5-76.7). In female hypertensives there was a trend towards more CCV diseases than in their controls. Although the hypertensives' blood pressure was reduced in accordance with what has been internationally accepted, their values were still at least 10-11 mmHg higher than those of the controls. A reduction of this magnitude may be accomplished by (further) weight reduction and, probably, intervention with factors linked to obesity. This may be one way to reduce the excess risk in hypertensives.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Parental obesity combined with hypertension--an indicator of excess risk of hypertension in offspring. A case-control study in a Swedish primary care district.

A case-control study was performed to estimate the excess risk of hypertension in a defined population. The study comprised 121 hypertensive patients, aged 40-59 years, and 138 non-hypertensive controls selected from the same primary care district. Parental obesity combined with hypertension proved to be a stronger risk indicator of hypertension in offspring than parental hypertension itself. Other risk indicators were obesity, hypertension in siblings and a positive family history of myocardial infarction. In order to study the size of the problem we estimated the prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension in the district. Patients with these diagnoses amounted to about one fourth of the middle-aged population in the district. More than 80% of the hypertensives had been diagnosed before this study, but only about 20% of the borderline hypertensives were previously known.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Induction of long-term heart allograft survival in the rat by rabbit ATG.

A rat model for induction of transplantation tolerance, by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as sole immunosuppressive agent, was studied. Vascularized heart allografts were employed. The conditions for establishment of long-term surviving (LTS) grafts were investigated as well as some of the characteristics of the tolerant state. The tolerance-inducing effect of ATG was found to be reproducible and dose-dependent. Treatment before grafting was essential. Preimmunization of the recipient inhibited the tolerance induction, while thymectomy seemed to have the opposite effect. The differences in survival of second allografts, third party or syngeneic to the first, indicated a largely strain-specific tolerance that most probably was the result of a changed host reactivity and for its induction strictly depended on presence of the graft. There were microscopical signs of rejection in the LTS grafts, while almost no such changes could be found in second allografts from the same donor strain, transplanted to the LTS-bearing recipients.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Suppressor cells in antithymocyte globulin-induced transplantation tolerance in the adult rat.

A rat heart allograft model, for induction of transplantation tolerance by a single dose of antithymocyte globulin, was studied. Experiments were made to transfer the tolerance to syngeneic recipients, either by spleen cells or sera obtained from tolerant rats. Different doses of tolerant spleen cells caused long-term surviving (LTS) allografts when transferred to sublethally irradiated recipients. Spleen cell transfer to untreated recipients resulted in prolonged allograft survival but no LTS grafts. The results indicate the presence of a cell-mediated suppressor mechanism in the tolerant animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Non-suture organ grafting to the neck vessels in rats.

Heterotopic organ transplantations in rats were performed either to abdominal vessels, using a conventional suture technique, or to neck vessels, using a non-suture cuff technique. The non-suture technique was found to be best suited for heart transplantation, but could also be employed for spleen and pancreas. In heart transplantation the non-suture model had the advantages of less preoperative bleeding, shorter operation and ischaemia times and easier monitoring of graft function than with the conventional technique. By combining the two techniques it was possible to transplant more than one vascularized graft to each recipient.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1983

The effects of smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular disease on the estimation of unscheduled DNA synthesis and covalent binding to DNA induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in resting human mononuclear leukocytes.

The levels of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and of NA-AAF binding to DNA have been determined in resting mononuclear leukocytes from individuals with various smoking habits, heart infarct patients and subjects diagnosed for hypertension. Age-matched and blood-pressure-controlled smokers (n = 99) had significantly elevated levels of NA-AAF-induced UDS and NA-AAF binding to DNA when compared to nonsmokers (n = 75) similarly corrected for age and blood pressure. Heart infarct patients without any history of risk factors, as well as diagnosed hypertensives with normalized blood pressure, were not significantly different from matched controls when assessed by the NA-AAF method. Our results support the theory that increased mutagen sensitivity is associated with smoking and high blood pressure but not with cardiovascular disease itself via some mechanism of genetic selection.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗

PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin with special reference to cross-reactions with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

Seventy monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin were prepared and characterized. All were of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes (39 IgG1, 29 IgG2, and 2 IgG3). A total of 61 clones produced antibody directed against the B subunit, and 9 clones produced antibodies with specificity for the cholera toxin A subunit. Among both the anti-B and anti-A antibodies, there were representatives which showed full cross-reactivity with the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (14 clones), others which gave partial cross-reactions (12), and still others (44) which did not cross-react. Although 24 of 25 tested anti-B monoclonal antibodies could neutralize cholera toxin, none of the 9 anti-A clones had any detectable neutralizing ability. Among the anti-B antibodies, those which cross-reacted completely with E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin all had strong cholera toxin-neutralizing capacity, whereas those with lesser or no degree of cross-reactivity varied more in their neutralizing potency. The isolation of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between enterotoxins of different bacterial origin suggests the possibility of developing immunodiagnostic methods allowing species-specific enterotoxin detection in stools of patients with diarrheal disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1983

Cow's milk protein intolerance in children is connected with impaired lymphoblastic responses to mitogens. Preliminary report.

The lymphoblastic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens were analyzed in 36 infants and children aged 1-28 months. The patients had confirmed or suspected cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI). Immediately after a positive provocation test 12 out of 14 patients with repeatedly confirmed CMPI showed more than 30% decrease of their lymphoblastic responses to pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A compared with their initial values. In 10 infants the response to phytohemagglutinin was similarly decreased. In 4 out of 12 infants with previously confirmed CMPI, but with no reaction at challenge, similar decreases were seen to some of the mitogens. In patients with suspected CMPI, but with no obvious reaction to the challenge with cow's milk, generally an increase of the lymphoblastic responses was seen compared with the initial values.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies against gastrointestinal tumour-associated antigens isolated as monosialogangliosides.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced after immunization of mice with a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line or liver metastasis membranes from a patient with colon adenocarcinoma. Many monoclonal antibodies were found to react with colorectal adenocarcinoma cells but not with normal colon mucosa, blood lymphocytes, myeloma cells or lung epithelial carcinoma cells. Three of these 'colorectal tumour-specific' antibodies appear to define different antigens that were found in the complex monosialoganglioside fraction from 60 to 90% of the colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumours or metastases examined but essentially lacking in normal colon mucosa and other normal or tumour tissues tested.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1983

IgA isotype restriction in the mucosal but not in the extramucosal immune response after oral immunizations with cholera toxin or cholera B subunit.

Intestinal mucosal as well as extramucosal antibody responses were studied in mice after peroral immunizations with cholera toxin or cholera B subunit. The immunizations with cholera toxin gave rise to a marked response with antitoxin-secreting cells (PFC) in Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen showing isotype distribution of IgG greater than IgA greater than IgM and with PFC kinetics in MLN and spleen that suggested migration of cells from PP after peroral administration rather than cells stimulated in situ by adsorbed antigen. Highest numbers of PFC were obtained after 2 immunizations, and further administrations resulted in a decrease in the PFC response in MLN and spleen, while the PP responsiveness was relatively unchanged, and interestingly, protective immunity and IgA-dominated antitoxin titers in intestinal washings increased markedly by the additional boosters. Animals immunized with cholera B subunit, which lacks the adenylate cyclase-stimulating capacity of cholera toxin, showed similar PFC responses in extramucosal organs as those receiving cholera toxin but were poorly protected and had correspondingly lower IgA antitoxin titers in intestinal washings. These results suggest that the mucosal IgA antitoxin predominance is mainly due to regulatory mechanisms operating on the end-stage differentiation of the committed B cells in lamina propria and that this differentiation, as judged from the different results with cholera toxin and its B subunit, might be influenced by cyclic AMP.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Hypertension in elderly people in a Swedish primary care district.

In a retrospective study, 124 hypertensives aged 60-69 years, and taken care of by primary health care, were compared with 124 age and sex matched controls with regard to blood pressure, body mass index, smoking and alcohol habits as well as cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure, mean +/- SEM (mm Hg) was reduced by 37/24 in males and 40/24 in females. Drug treatment was given to 93 per cent of the patients. Our goal of treatment - blood pressure 180/100 or below - was obtained in 75 per cent of the patients. Cardiovascular diseases were more common in male hypertensives than in their controls. The relative odds of stroke in male hypertensives treated within the primary health care organisation was estimated to 7.7 (1.3-45.3) and of cardiovascular diseases to 4.3 (1.7-10.1). In a ten year prospective cohort study of all pensioners in the primary care district, born in 1902 and 1903, a subcohort of pensioners with hypertension and under medical treatment when they were 70 years old (n = 39) was compared with the subcohort of pensioners without hypertension at this age (n = 105). This study comprised 342 person-years in the former subcohort and 889 person-years in the latter. No significant differences in mortality nor in cardiovascular morbidity were found between the subcohorts. The results of the two studies showed higher risks for male hypertensives aged 60-69 years who are taken care of by primary health care compared with those aged 70-80 years in spite of the latter group being older, having higher systolic blood pressure at the examinations and less degree of antihypertensive drug treatment. This shows that hypertension as a risk indicator for cardiovascular diseases may differ between age groups above 60 years.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Central nervous system involvement in early syphilis. Part II. Correlation between auditory brain stem responses (ABR) and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities.

Twenty-six consecutive patients with secondary or early latent syphilis, all with normal neurological findings, were studied with auditory brainstem responses (ABR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and an assay for immune complexes in serum and CSF. Seven of the 26 patients studied had a pathological ABR pattern and 14 had one or more pathological CSF tests. Fifteen patients had circulating immune complexes in serum. No patient had demonstrable immune complexes in CSF. A significant correlation was found between an abnormal ABR pattern and pathological CSF findings--but not between pathological ABR and presence of immune complexes. ABR seems to be a sensitive method for detection of early asymptomatic CNS involvement in syphilis.

Adolescent↗