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Biomedical subjects

L L Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to L L Wilson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of different doses of zeranol on growth, hemoglobin, and carcass traits in veal calves.

Effects of different doses of zeranol on ADG, hemoglobin (Hb), feed efficiency (FE), and carcass traits were evaluated in special-fed veal calves in two trials. On d 0, calves were implanted subcutaneously in the middle third of the ear with either 0 (control, placebo pellet), 12, 24, 36, or 48 mg of zeranol. Trial 1 was conducted from February through May 1990 with 120 Holstein bull calves (17 to 21 d of age on d 0) and Trial 2 was conducted from May through August 1991 with 100 Holstein bull calves (24 to 28 d of age d 0). Calves were fed on an individual calf basis. Calves in Trial 1 that were implanted with 48 mg of zeranol had improved FE (P < .05) and ADG (P < .05) during Period 1 (0 to 43 d). No significant differences in ADG or FE were observed among treatments in Trial 2. Hemoglobin levels at slaughter averaged 7.88 +/- .096 and 8.19 +/- .149 g/dL over all treatments for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The only postslaughter trait affected by zeranol dose was testicular weight. In both trials, testicular weight at slaughter decreased (P < .05) with increasing doses of zeranol. Dressing percentage tended to be higher for 48-mg implants than for controls but the difference was not significant. There were no significant zeranol dose effects on longissimus muscle area, flank color, carcass conformation, or percentage of fore- vs hind-quarter weight. These results indicated that higher doses of zeranol improved ADG and FE during the first 6 wk after the trial period (to 8 wk of age), decreased testicular weight, and increased hide-on carcass dressing percentage for calves implanted with 48 mg of zeranol compared with those that received 0 mg of zeranol.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Special-fed veal calves: overview of production methods and drug needs.

Current American special-fed veal production methods and the results of a concerted and effective quality assurance effort are reviewed. The veal industry has been successful in markedly reducing the frequency of violative chemical concentrations (including antibiotics) according to Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) monitoring programs. The relation of drug availability and animal well-being is discussed. The need for increased availability of safe and effective treatments, primarily for enteric and respiratory use, is emphasized by the large number of source dairy farms and marketing facilities represented within a group of veal (or dairy-beef) calves started by a producer. The veal calf is a preruminant and as such is not covered by calf/cattle labels; effects of animal age and diet on drug metabolism and excretion are discussed. The greatest need for drugs is during the first 4 to 6 weeks of the 16- to 18-week production cycle, allowing a potential 10- to 14-week withdrawal period for drugs used early in the production cycle. The drugs most frequently used in the veal industry under Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) provisions and valid Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationships (VCPR), most of which have calf/cattle labels are listed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

As it was in the beginning.

A brief account of the obstacles faced during the introduction of hospital accreditation in Australia is provided, with some insight into the politics of change in health care. Some observations are made concerning critical elements of the accreditation program and the implications for the future of the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1993

Quality management: prevention is better than cure.

In spite of concerns on the part of doctors and hospitals regarding the level of malpractice litigation, they have failed to appreciate the value of effective quality management programmes in minimizing this risk. This paper describes some of the main components of these complex programmes, highlighting the importance of credentialling of medical staff and the need for an organizational framework if such programmes are to succeed.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

Felodipine in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker as an effective substitute for triple therapy in severe hypertension. The Australian Felodipine Multicentre Study Group.

We have studied the efficacy and tolerability of felodipine plus a beta-adrenoceptor blocker in 79 patients with essential hypertension previously treated with a combination of three or more anti-hypertensive agents, one of which was a beta-adrenoceptor blocker. After a 4-week run-in period on the same beta-blocker plus placebo (as a substitute for the other agents in the regimen), felodipine was added and its dose titrated to achieve a supine diastolic blood pressure or less than 90 mm Hg. This was followed by a 12-week maintenance phase in all patients, and 47 patients entered an optional long-term follow-up for an additional 9 months. The mean supine blood pressure was 149/88 mm Hg at entry and 174/108 mm Hg after the run-in phase. Felodipine significantly reduced the blood pressure to 142/85 mm Hg after dose titration and to 141/84 mm Hg after 12 weeks, 94% of patients achieving a supine diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or below. This reduction was maintained in the patients who were followed for 12 months. The adverse events recorded were usually mild, transient, and typical for an effective precapillary vasodilator. Nine of 74 patients (11%) were withdrawn in the first phase of the study because of adverse events and 5 of 47 patients were withdrawn during the long-term follow-up. These results show that the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of felodipine with a beta-blocker allow a simplified regimen for hypertensive patients who were previously taking three or more drugs for satisfactory blood pressure control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mastitis in beef cows and its effects on calf weight gain.

Quarter milk samples from 51 purebred (Angus, Polled Hereford, and Simmental) and 69 crossbred (Angus x Simmental x Charolais three-way cross) beef cows were collected aseptically at three times during lactation to determine the prevalence of intramammary infection, milk somatic cell counts (SCC), and effects of infection on calf weight gain. Quarter infection prevalence was 13.1, 14.9, and 27.5% in early, mid, and late lactation; corresponding cow infection prevalence was 25.8, 29.2, and 54.4%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 2.9, 2.7, and 3.2% of quarters in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively. Corynebacterium bovis, generally regarded as a minor pathogen, was isolated from 4.0, 7.6, and 18.2% of quarters at the three respective times. Geometric SCC means (10(3) cells/ml) were 1,522, 344, and 509 for S. aureus-infected quarters; 344, 899, and 221 for Staphylococcus hyicus-infected quarters; 65, 36, and 86 for C. bovis-infected quarters; and 20, 17, and 18 for uninfected quarters in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively. Adjusted 205-d weight gain for calves with S. aureus-infected dams was 9.6 kg less (P less than .05) than for calves with uninfected dams. Adjusted 205-d weight gain for calves with dams infected with any mastitis pathogen did not differ significantly from that of calves with uninfected dams. At weaning half of the infected cows and half of the uninfected cows were given an intramammary infusion product containing 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine in each quarter; the remaining cows were untreated controls. Quarter samples were collected aseptically from all cows 14 to 28 d after subsequent calving. Quarter prevalence of infection after calving was lower (P less than .05) in treated (8.2%) than in control (22.4%) cows. Significantly more infections present at weaning were eliminated in treated than in control cows, but the new infection rate during the dry period and early lactation did not differ between the two groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Insulin-like growth factors stimulate chemotaxis in human melanoma cells.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors stimulate motility in the highly metastatic human melanoma cell line, A2058. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the most potent with a maximal response at a concentration of 10 nM compared to the activities of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) which peak at 300-400 nM. Using checkerboard analysis, the responses to IGF-I and insulin are predominantly chemotactic, although insulin had a significant chemokinetic component. Pertussis toxin does not inhibit the response to any of these polypeptides. However, in previous studies, it was shown that the motile response to autocrine motility factor from these same A2058 cells was markedly inhibited by pertussis toxin. 125I-labelled IGF-I binds saturably and specifically to the A2058 cells. Scatchard analysis indicates a high binding affinity (Kd approximately 3 x 10(-10) M) and an estimated 5000 receptors/cell. These studies indicate that in addition to their mitogenic properties, certain growth factors may profoundly enhance metastasis of tumor cells by their ability to induce motility.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1985

Effects of deficient and adequate dietary magnesium concentrations on body magnesium concentrations in wethers.

Effects of 2 dietary Mg concentrations (deficient and adequate: 0.04 and 0.12 g of Mg/100 g of dry matter, respectively) on body fluid and tissue Mg concentrations and performance of wether lambs were evaluated in a 28-day trial. Nine blood and 6 urine samples were collected from each wether. After 28 days, CSF and wool samples were collected, and diet, body fluids, and tissues were analyzed for mineral concentration. Diet effects on serum and urine Mg concentrations were noticed after day 3 (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.05, respectively). Mean serum and urine Mg concentrations for 6 sampling periods were correlated (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001; No. of samples = 12). The effect of dietary Mg on CSF Mg concentrations approached significance (P less than 0.10). Effects of diet on cardiac muscle, liver, and 3rd metatarsal bone Mg contents or hematologic criteria were not observed. Diet affected wool and kidney cortex Mg contents (P less than 0.02). Individual mean 28-day serum Mg concentration was correlated with wool Mg content (r = 0.73, P less than 0.05; n = 8) and with kidney cortex Mg content (r = 0.75, P less than 0.05; n = 8). Wethers fed low Mg diet excreted less urine Ca (P less than 0.001) and had slightly lower serum Ca and K values (P less than 0.10) than did wethers fed high Mg. Significant differences in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, or kidney cortex Ca contents were not observed. Wethers fed low Mg diet consumed less dry matter and gained less weight (P less than 0.001) than did wethers fed high Mg diet. Body fluid and tissue macromineral concentrations of 1 wether with hypomagnesemic tetany are presented for prognostic and diagnostic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Switch hair as an indicator of magnesium and copper status of beef cows.

Samples of switch hair, blood, and urine were obtained periodically over 5.5 months from 11 Angus and 13 Angus-Charolais cows grazing either all-grass or grass-legume swards. Liver samples were obtained at the end of the study. Hair growth rate and mineral concentrations in switch hair (magnesium [Mg], copper [Cu]), blood serum (Mg, Cu), urine (Mg), and liver (Cu) were determined. Significant (P less than 0.05) hair-growth rate differences were observed among sampling periods (daily mean = 0.58 +/- 0.01 mm). Angus black-pigmented switch hair contained more (P less than 0.001) Mg than did the light-pigmented Angus-Charolais hair. The effect of season was observed on hair Mg and Cu and on serum Mg (P less than 0.01). Serum and hair Mg concentration correlated in both breed groups after removal of individual cow treatment effects (Angus: r = 0.58, P less than 0.001, n = 64; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.46, P less than 0.001, n = 76). Likewise, urine Mg and hair Mg concentrations correlated (Angus: r = 0.35, P less than 0.05, n = 53; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.26, P less than 0.05, n = 63). Sward type had a pronounced effect on serum and urine Mg concentrations and a slight effect on hair Mg concentrations (P less than 0.10) only during midsummer. Cattle with switch hair Mg values less than 25 to 30 mg (light pigmentation) and 100 to 125 mg (black pigmentation)/kg of dry matter (DM) may be hypomagnesemic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Scrotal measurements in beef bulls: heritability estimates, breed and test station effects.

Heritability estimates for scrotal circumference and testicular tone at weaning (225 d) and yearling (365 d) were determined from records on 565 bulls from a purebred Angus herd; year, station and breed effects were determined from scrotal circumference records on 2,420 bulls at five tests stations. Year, breed and breed X year effects on scrotal circumference, length, width and volume were determined from records on 347 bulls at one station. Heritability estimates (+/- SE) were .60 +/- .17, .28 +/- .18 and .25 +/- .18 for weaning scrotal circumference, right and left tone, and .38 +2- .16, .72 +/- .18 and .52 +/- .17 for yearling scrotal circumference, right and left tone, respectively. With the exception of low negative correlations of 205-d weight and longissimus muscle area with yearling scrotal circumference (-01 and -.02, respectively), correlations of growth and live-estimated carcass traits with weaning or yearling scrotal dimensions were low and positive (0.8 to .35). In the second data set, Simmental and Angus had greater (p less than .01) yearling scrotal circumferences than Charolais or Herefords; means were 35.3, 35.0, 33.7 and 33.5 cm, respectively. Station and station x breed effects were significant (P less than .01), with the latter effect indicating that breeds did not rank similarly in scrotal circumference at different test stations. In the third data set, scrotal circumference and volume were essentially the same as scrotal length and width in ranking breeds. year X breed interactions were nonsignificant for all scrotal traits, indicating that breeds were ranked similar in different years with respect to scrotal dimensions. These results indicate that bulls of different breeds should not be compared to established standards; a more acceptable procedure would be the use of deviations from the respective breed-station-year means.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Hospital accreditation in Australia evaluating health care.

The paper examines in detail the accreditation process, the accreditation process, the accreditation decision, as well as the membership, structure, function and standards of The Australian Council on Hospital Standards. It demonstrates that the concept of peer review of hospital professionals is an important and increasingly accepted method of evaluating the standards of hospital care in Australia.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1981

Relationship of psychological factors to failure of antihypertensive drug treatment.

Personality traits and pretreatment symptoms of 69 hypertensive patients were documented with self-administered questionnaires. Thirteen patients (19%) dropped out during 12 months of treatment. Five of these were lost from follow up and eight failed to tolerate their allotted medication. In this series treatment failure did not seem dependent on the type of drug used, but was linked with a high suspiciousness level and a high pretreatment symptom score. Both measures varied independently of one another and a select group of 10 patients who scored highly on both, had a failure rate of 60%. Our results suggest that hypertensives with an increased predisposition to drug treatment failure can be identified at the pretreatment stage. Recognition of such individuals should assist in their routine clinical management and in the design of antihypertensive drug trials.

Adult↗