Interaction of heparin with antithrombin III and platelet factor 4: pH dependence demonstrated with a new rocket precipitin Electrophoretic procedure.
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Antithrombin III↗
Biomedical subjects
L Krishnan
Publications and source records attributed to L Krishnan.
Morphological studies of peripheral monocytes during in vitro maturation by scanning electron microscopy.
Human peripheral monocytes were cultured in autologous serum over a period of 14 days. Morphological changes were observed in both light and scanning electron microscopy. Nonspecific esterase, Fc receptor, and phagocytic activities were studied using antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes. Though the spreading of cytoplasm was observable in a light microscope, scanning electron microscopic pictures revealed several interesting changes during the culture period. The number of filopodia and microvilli increased as the duration in cultured increased. At the end of 7 days, almost pure monocytes remained in culture. These cells were characteristically 98-100% nonspecific-esterase positive, Fc-receptor positive, and highly phagocytic. This technique may be of value in understanding changes due to various specific and nonspecific immune stimulators.
Cell Differentiation↗
Quantitative studies of monocyte maturation in patients with malignant melanoma.
Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured from normal volunteers and patients with malignant melanoma in a suspension culture containing 50% autologous plasma. The number of monocytes that matured into macrophages in the normal control population was 8.29 +/- 3.14 X 10(4) cells/ml blood, whereas in patients with malignant melanoma the number of matured monocytes was 3.15 +/- 2.80 X 10(4) cells/ml blood. The low macrophage maturation in patients with malignant melanoma was not found to be associated with any serum factors. Furthermore, from morphological studies done using scanning electron microscopy, there was no apparent difference between macrophages maturing from normal individuals or patients with malignant melanoma. From analysis of this adherent cell population there appears to be an intrinsic defeat in the maturation of monocytes in vitro in the case of patients with malignant melanoma.
Adult↗
Energy kinetics and role of nutrition in cancer patients.
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Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin receptors associated with human malignant tumors.
Over the past five years 86 malignant tumors were assayed for cell surface IgG, elutable Ag-Ab complexes, and/or cell surface Fc receptors. Surface IgG was measured by indirect radioimmunoassay, using single-cell suspensions and tumor eluates. Fc receptors in tissue sections were identified by the closed chamber technique. The results confirm our previous finding that human tumors are coated in vivo with IgG and that there is a population of cells within solid tumors capable of binding Ag-Ab complexes. In addition, Ag-Ab complexes appear to attach to the cell surface membrane by the Fc zone of antibody. Ag-Ab binding was inhibited by antibody raised against the tumor. Indirect complement consumption assay indicated the presence of Ag-Ab complexes in tumor eluates. It appears that most cell surface immunoglobulin is complexed.
Agglutination Tests↗
Characterization of Fc receptors associated with human malignant tumors.
Fc receptors from human tumors were isolated by sucrose gradient fractionation and affinity chromatography techniques. The isolated Fc receptors showed specificity for IgG(Fc) in the closed chamber hemadsorption technique and also in the inhibition experiments using radiolabeled Fc receptors. The results indicate that Fc receptors isolated from tumor tissue are similar to Fc receptors isolated from normal human spleen, dog macrophages, and peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). However, the Fc receptors isolated from macrophages are more potent inhibitors when compared with tumor, spleen, and peripheral WBC Fc receptors. Also, Fc receptors isolated from the various sources are independent of species specificity.
Antibodies↗
Interrelationship between monocyte maturation in vitro and tumor growth in murine tumor host.
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Animals↗
Deficiency in maturation process of macrophages in human cancer.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured from normal individuals and patients with cancer. The analysis of these results indicated a lower number of macrophage precursors (monocytes) in patients with cancer as compared to the number in normal individuals. The macrophage yield was 1.9 +/- 1.1 X 10(4)/ml of blood in patients with cancer versus 7.2 +/- 2.0 X 10(4)/ml of blood in normal individuals. This low yield of macrophages in patients with cancer was not associated with serum factors. Furthermore, a study of the adherent cell population suggests in intrinsic defect in the maturation process in vitro in patients with cancer.
Cell Differentiation↗
Recurrent reproductive failure due to severe placental villitis of unknown etiology.
A case is reported of recurrent reproductive failure due to a severe placental villitis of unknow etiology. Five successive pregnancies ended in four unexpected third-trimester deaths in utero and one live birth at 37 weeks' gestation. This infant of the fourth pregnancy showed severe intrauterine growth retardation but no other stigmata of chronic infection. The placentas of the last three pregnancies showed marked focal chronic parenchymal inflammation with widespread necrosis, villous vasculitis and a lymphocytic deciduitis of the maternal floor. Microbiologic, serologic and electron microscopic techniques variously employed on maternal, fetal and placental specimens failed to demonstrate a possible causative agent although the placental inflammatory pattern was strongly suggestive of recurrent infection.
Adult↗
Fc-receptor dysfunction in lupus.
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Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Theoretical treatment of the distribution and degradation of vascular, interstitial and intracellular albumin.
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Albumins↗
Antibiotic treatment of parturient women colonized with group B streptococci.
A prospective study was conducted among third-trimester parturient women with cervical or urethral colonization with group B streptococci to determine the influence of antibiotic treatment on subsequent colonizations among their infants. Cultures were obtained from dry swabs inoculated directly onto selective blood agar media containing neomycin and naladixic acid. Seventy-four women were found to be colonized among 1,098 cultured (7%). A significant reduction in colonization was noted among mothers treated with ampicillin within three weeks of completion of therapy. This difference was no longer apparent at delivery. There was likewise no difference in the colonization rate of infants in the treatment and no-treatment groups. The data suggest that additional measures must be undertaken to prevent maternal recolonization.
Ampicillin↗
Influence of parental literacy and socio-economic status on infant mortality.
The influence of parental literacy and socio-economic status (SES) on infant mortality rate (IMR) was studied. This report is only a part of much larger community-based prospective study conducted to determine the factors influencing infant mortality in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, by the Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, with the financial assistance form IDRC, Canada. A total of 12,857 livebirths during the period of October 1, 1991, to September 30, 1992, where registered and followed up for one year. There were 391 infant deaths which gives an IMR of 30.4 per 1,000 livebirths. Univariate analysis and subsequent stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, literacy and SES have a very significant role in reducing IMR.
Cause of Death↗
Perinatal mortality in a rural district of south India.
Perinatal mortality is one of the most sensitive indices of maternal and child health. The perinatal mortality rate is an indicator of the extent of pregnancy wastage as well as of the quality and quantity of health care available to the mother and the newborn. A community based prospective study carried out on 13,214 births in South Kanara district between Oct. 1991-Sept. 1992 revealed a perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) of 44.65/1000 births. Among the various factors influencing perinatal mortality, breech deliveries and babies of multiple pregnancies had a very high perinatal mortality rate of 180.81/1000 births (adjusted odd's ratio: 4.90) and 128/1000 births (adjusted odd's ratio: 2.64). The previous bad obstetric history of the mother, parity and sex of the newborn were among the other important factors influencing the PNMR.
Adult↗
Neonatal polycythemia.
461 consecutive inborn babies, delivered during the period September 1993-March 1994 were subjected to a microhematocrit assessment at 6 hours of age to determine the incidence of polycythemia. 47 babies (inborn and out born), admitted to the neonatal unit with confirmed polycythemia were studied for clinical and laboratory abnormalities. These 47 babies were then randomly assigned to receive partial exchange transfusion with either normal saline or fresh plasma. The incidence of polycythemia was 27 of 461 (5.8%). 23 of 27 (85.1%) were term babies and 15 of 27 (55.5%) were small for gestational age. 14 of 27 (51.1%) babies had mothers who had pregnancy induced hypertension. Feeding problems (16/47) and lethargy (25/47) were the commonest symptoms (34% and 51% respectively). 25 of 47 (51%) babies had hypoglycemia and 5 of 47 (10.6%) had hypocalcemia. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 13/47 (27.65%) of cases. 24 babies received normal saline and 23 received fresh plasma for partial exchange transfusion. The immediate post-exchange fall in hematocrit was significant in both groups and this was well sustained over the following 48 hours. However, improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters was more remarkable with fresh plasma. Polycythemia appears to be a real clinical entity in neonates in India and babies with known risk factors should be actively screened for this condition. Once diagnosis is established special attempts should be made to rule out hypoglycemia. For treatment of polycythemia fresh plasma is preferable for partial exchange transfusion but normal saline appears to be an adequate substitute.
Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood↗
Treatment of severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn with magnesium sulfate.
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Female↗
Assisted ventilation in neonates: the Manipal experience.
Case records of 68 newborns who required assisted ventilation over a 24 month period were reviewed. Fortyfour (64.7%) received intermittent mandatory ventilation, 10 (14.7%) received nasal CPAP and the remaining 14 (20.58%) received a combination of the above. Some of the indications for ventilation were infections (21), hyaline membrane disease (16), problems related to asphyxia (11), apnea of prematurity (10) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (5). The overall survival rate was 41.17%. In the CPAP group 90% (9/10) survived, while in the remaining survival was 32.7% (19/58). The best outcome was observed in persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (80%) followed by apnea of prematurity (70%) and hyaline membrane disease (43.75). Outcome was poor in conditions related to birth asphyxia (27.2%) and infections (19.05%). Survival rates were higher (44.4%) in babies weighing > 1500g at birth as compared to 40.9% in babies < 1500g. Babies less than 32 weeks gestation had a survival rate of 32% as compared to 46.5% in those over 32 weeks. This difference was not statistically significant. Complications were seen in 12/68 patients (17.6%). Pneumothorax was the commonest followed by sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage and blocked endotracheal tubes. Babies with hyaline membrane disease had the highest incidence of complications. Analysis of the data with regard to the indications, outcome and complications is presented.
Apnea↗
Neonatal effects of anesthesia for caesarean section.
Seventy eight parturient mothers undergoing elective caesarean section were studied with regard to the immediate neonatal outcome in those receiving general and spinal anesthesia. All mothers were of grade I anesthesia risk, were term and had singleton appropriate for gestational age fetuses. There was no difference in fetal acid base chemistry in the two groups. Babies delivered after general anesthesia appeared relatively depressed requiring more free flow oxygen and bag and mask ventilation, though one minute Apgar scores showed no significant difference in either group. Induction delivery intervals were longer in the spinal group but it was not associated with more morbidity. Uterine incision delivery intervals were very small in both groups and no meaningful conclusion could be drawn as regards effect on the newborn. A plea is made for more frequent use of spinal anesthesia considering its many postnatal advantages.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗