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L Kavanagh

Publications and source records attributed to L Kavanagh.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hypoxic airway constriction in infants of very low birth weight recovering from moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

We hypothesized that infants recovering from severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia have airway constriction that is, at least in part, related to borderline hypoxia. If this hypothesis were correct, pulmonary resistance should decrease with the administration of oxygen. To test this hypothesis, we studied 10 infants recovering from severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (study weight 2490 +/- 275 gm; birth weight 1010 +/- 89 gm; postnatal age 73 +/- 7 days; postconceptional age 38.5 +/- 1.6 weeks) and 10 matched control infants (study weight 2430 +/- 179 gm; birth weight 2320 +/- 195 gm; postnatal age 25 +/- 4 days; postconceptional age 37.5 +/- 0.8 weeks). Resistance and compliance were measured by means of a mask with a flowmeter and an esophageal balloon (with the PEDS computer program). Measurements in both groups were made in quiet sleep, without sedation, during the inhalation of room air and during the fifth minute of oxygen inhalation. We found that (1) total pulmonary resistance, significantly higher in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia than in control infants, decreased from 206.1 +/- 47 cm H2O.L-1.sec-1 during inhalation of room air to 106.5 +/- 20.9 during inhalation of 100% oxygen (p less than 0.05) and (2) pulmonary dynamic compliance, lower in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia than in control infants, increased significantly with the administration of 100% oxygen. The results suggest that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have airway constriction and that this is alleviated by inhalation of oxygen.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1966

Some differences in uveal reactions between cats and rabbits.

1. Miosis was observed after enucleation in unopened eyes from normal or atropinized, atropinesterase-free rabbits. Such a phenomenon was not seen in enucleated cat eyes, in which the pupils remained widely dilated, whether atropine had been administered or not.2. Pre-treatment of the animals with reserpine did not alter this difference between the species.3. The difference does not appear to be due to absence of irins from the cat iris, since aqueous extracts of cat irides contained a smooth-muscle-contracting activity (cat irin) extractable into ether at pH 3 and therefore consisting of lipid acid(s).4. The difference is not due to insensitivity of the cat sphincter pupillae muscle to irins, since injections of ether-purified cat or rabbit irins into the anterior chamber of enucleated cat eyes kept at room temperature constricted the pupil; injections of histamine were ineffective.5. In experiments on animals treated with atropine +/- mepyramine I.V., photographic measurements revealed a further difference, namely in the speed of miosis after stroking the iris in vivo. The response started later in the cat, and developed more slowly, but often to a fuller extent than in the rabbit.6. In a proportion of cat eyes there was little or no change in intraocular pressure after irritation of the iris adequate to induce maximum pupillary constriction; this was so whether mepyramine had been administered or not.7. Possible reasons for the above species differences are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol-related policy measures in Ontario: who supports what and to what degree?

Using 1998 provincial survey data (n = 1,205), the authors examine responses to 7 items concerning public opinion on alcohol-related policy in Ontario. The purpose of the study is to get a sense of overall public opinion on certain topical policy-related measures and to see whether this opinion is predicted by demographic characteristics of respondents (sex, age and self-reported drinking pattern). Cross-tabulations of opinion items with demographic variables revealed strong majority support for the status quo with regard to number of liquor and beer stores, beer and liquor store hours, and prohibition of the sale of alcohol in corner stores. A somewhat less robust majority also supported the status quo for alcohol taxes and legal drinking age. Among the demographic groups, high-risk heavy drinkers stood out for their greater support of relaxation of controls and this finding was confirmed by means of logistic regression. The majority of all groups, except frequent bar-goers, liked the idea of warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers. The authors conclude that, according to these survey data, policy initiatives towards greater access to alcohol, such as extended liquor store hours and sale of alcohol in corner stores, are not mandated by the majority of the population of Ontario.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Come back Mum.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗