Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Juhlin.
After the addition of E. coli polysaccharide to blood from patients with deep inflammatory acne, microclots formed in all patients, whereas this was rarely seen in mild acne and never in controls. Furthermore, spontaneous microclot formation without addition of endotoxin was seen in 5 of the 10 patients with the most severe acne.
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Single cells isolated from the stratum granulosum and observed by phase microcopy were seen to contract upon exposure to asdenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the presence of calcium and magnesium. These cells, mechanically isolated from trypsin-treated epidermis of guinea-pig, man and cattle, had been briefly exposed to glycerol or triton X-100. The treatment with glycerol itself, but not Triton X-100 also induced a reversible contraction of the granular cell. Other keratinocytes showed no changes, nor was contraction observed in granulosum cells pretreated with cytochalasin or colchicine. These single celll experiments support the view that the stratum granulosum contains cells which are myoepithelial in nature.
Forty-four patients with ulnar neuropathy confined to the elbow region were operated with simple decompression. The operation was usually performed more than six months after the debut of symptoms. At follow-up earliest six months postoperatively 89% of the patients had improved and 39% recovered completely. An improvement in EMG activity and/or nerve conduction velocity was seen in 89% of the patients tested pre- and postoperatively. The validity of nerve compression, epineurial fibrosis and other factors of possible prognostic significance such as age, duration of symptoms and electrophysiological findings are discussed. Since the results of simple decompression of the ulnar nerve were similar to those obtained in a previous study of transposition, the former method is recommended as the standard procedure.
Blood glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined in 61 healthy subjects and 506 patients with various skin disorders. Depressed levels were observed in patients with psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, mycosis fungoides and dermatitis herpetiformis. Low values of GSH-Px were also found in some patients with pemphigoid, acne conglobata, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematodes. Vegetarian diet, malnutrition and alcohol abuse could possibly account for the low values in some patients. Fifty patients with low GSH-Px levels were treated with tablets containing 0.2 mg selenium as Na2SeO3 and 10 mg tocopheryl succinate. The GSH-Px levels increased slowly within 6-8 weeks of treatment. The clinical effect was encouraging and calls for controlled studies.
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Heparinized blood was taken up into capillary tubes and kept in vertical position at 37 degrees C for 24 hours to allow the red cells to sediment. Microclots appearing as radiant fibrin stars were seen under phase microscopy in the plasma portion of blood from certain patients. Such a positive microclot generation (MCG) test occurred in patients with some inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as in patients with certain skin disorders. The data suggest that the MCG test may serve in the detection of endotoxemia.
A patient with cold urticaria is described in whom weals appeared immediately after an ice cube test for 3 min and persisted for a week as a red, tender swelling. The duration of the oedema was dependent on the intensity of the immediate reaction. If the immediate wealing was blocked by treatment with an oral antihistamine 3 h before the ice cube test, no delayed reaction was seen. Antihistamines given after the immediate wealing had occurred did not influence the delayed reaction. Reactions to intradermally injected histamine, prostaglandin E, kallikrein, serotonin and serum appeared normal.
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A questionnaire was used from 1972-1978 for 330 consecutive patients with recurrent urticaria of 3 months to 40 years duration. Fifty men and fifty women had only urticaria. The rest had both urticaria and angio-oedema and most of them were women between 24 and 38 years of age. Urticarial attacks were less frequent during the daytime. A personal history of rhinitis, asthma or atopic dermatitis was recorded in more than one-third. Nasal polyps, migraine and arthralgia were found in 6-7% of the patients. Severe psychiatric problems were mentioned by 16%. Abdominal problems, mainly gastritis, were described by 44%. A history of side effects from drugs was found in 32% of the patients. Food was mentioned as a factor worsening the weals by 30% and drinks by 18%. Fruits, vegetables and nuts were the most common. Despite all cases with physical urticaria having been excluded, physical factors such as exercise were considered by 20% to make the urticaria worse. Provocation tests with various food additives such as azo dyes, benzoates, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) sorbic acid, quinoline yellow, carotene, canthaxanthine, annatto and nitrite revealed one or more positive reactions in one-third of the patients, one-third showed negative provocation tests and, in the rest, one or several tests were questionable. Routine history of other diseases. The fibrin microclot generation test which test which indicates the presence of circulating endotoxins was positive in 24%.
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Sheets of stratum granulosum of glycerinated cow hoof epidermis showed immediate contraction on exposure to ATP in the presence of calcium. Other layers of the epidermis were unresponsive. Contraction of the stratum granulosum could be induced also by dopamine, but not by a variety of other pharmacological agents. It could be blocked by EGTA, lidocaine, or high concentrations of potassium. It is postulated that the keratohyalin granule is a contractile protein uniquely responsible for the changes observed.
Within seconds of exposure of frozen sections of stratum granulosum of glycerinized cow hoof to a buffered solution of adenosinetriphosphate, the keratohyalin granules underwent transformation into polarized fine linear rods. This polarization phenomenon was associated wtih gross pleating, twisting and crumpling of the section, indicative of varying contractile forces.