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Biomedical subjects

L Janzon

Publications and source records attributed to L Janzon.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Leg blood flow in intermittent claudication--a comparison between non insulin dependent diabetics and non diabetics.

The influence of diabetes on leg blood flow in intermittent claudication has been assessed by comparing the systolic arm-ankle pressure gradient at rest and resistance to blood flow during reactive hyperemia in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Cases and controls were matched for age and sex. Smoking habits, blood pressure, and blood lipids didn't differ in the two groups. Diabetes was associated with a higher resistance to blood flow during reactive hyperemia and a greater arm-ankle pressure gradient at rest. Resistance to blood flow during reactive hyperemia was in the non-diabetics strongly correlated to the arm-ankle pressure gradient at rest (r = 0.84). Corresponding correlation coefficient was in diabetics 0.04. In one of four diabetic legs a high resistance to blood flow during reactive hyperemia didn't correspond to a big arm-ankle pressure gradient. The results in this study support the concept of both macro- and microvascular disease in diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Influence of cigarette smoking on goiter formation, thyroglobulin, and thyroid hormone levels in women.

The possible influence of cigarette smoking on goiter formation, thyroglobulin (Tg) secretion, and thyroid hormone production was assessed by estimations of the presence of palpable goiter and by RIAs of Tg, T3, rT3, T4, and TSH in sera from 441 women (48-53 yr old), representing a normal population included in a study on the prevalence of thyroid disease. Smoking habits were evaluated by a questionnaire, and the women were then classified as never smokers (n = 192), smokers (n = 169), and exsmokers (n = 80). Smokers were subdivided as moderate (1-19 cigarettes/day) and heavy (greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/day). Palpable goiter was found in 15% of the smokers, in contrast to only 4% of the exsmokers and 9% of the never smokers. Among smokers, 37% had serum Tg values over 30 micrograms/liter (third quartile), while such values were found in only 16% of the exsmokers and 18% of the never smokers. In addition, smokers were found to have higher serum T3 and lower rT3 concentrations than never smokers; this difference was most pronounced in heavy smokers. Serum T4 was not different, while TSH was insignificantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Exsmokers did not differ significantly from never smokers in any of these parameters. It seems possible that cigarette smoking may have two, calorigenically opposed, effects on thyroid hormone production; it may be goitrogenic (possibly due to inhaled thiocyanate), but it may also enhance the formation of T3 at the expense of rT3 formation.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence of thyroid disorders in a middle-aged female population, with special reference to the solitary thyroid nodule.

A survey of thyroid disease was conducted in 477 middle-aged women selected at random in an urban area where goiter is not endemic. The overall occurrence of thyroid disease was estimated to be 16.2%. Previously known disease was reported by 6.7% of those surveyed, and an additional 9.5% were diagnosed in the present study. The prevalence of all goiter was 11.3%, and of a palpable solitary nodule, 6.5%. Women with goiter were examined by thyroid scintigraphy and fine-needle aspiration cytology. The results of these examinations combined with the conventional clinical examination were considered a sufficient basis for benign diagnosis in all cases except one, a woman with a solitary nodule who was surgically treated because the cytologic report indicated follicular neoplasm; histopathology, however, revealed colloid goiter. The accumulated incidence of hyperthyroidism was 2.3% and of hypothyroidism 0.8%. It is concluded that goiter is a common disorder among women living in non-endemic areas, and that most goiter, including palpable solitary nodules, can be classified after evaluation as multinodular goiter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Glucose tolerance and smoking: a population study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in middle-aged men.

The oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests have been compared in middle-aged, normal-weight male non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers who participated in a general health screening programme in Malmö, Sweden. Subjects with diabetes, previous gastric resection and/or present medication with diuretic agents were excluded. No difference was found when comparing fasting glucose in non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers. In the oral glucose tolerance test, plasma glucose at 40 and 60 min increased stepwise from non-smokers (8.7 and 7.4 mmol/l) to ex-smokers (8.9 and 7.5 mmol/l), smokers (9.2 and 7.9 mmol/l) and heavy smokers (9.7 and 8.2 mmol/l). Blood glucose levels at 120 min were inversely arranged. Plasma insulin at 120 min was lower in heavy smokers (16.2 mU/l) than in non-smokers (24.8 mU/l). The mean intravenous glucose tolerance test k-value was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. K-values below 1.0 were twice as common in smokers (30%) as in non-smokers. It is concluded that smoking has a clinically significant influence on both the oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

The effects of smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular disease on the estimation of unscheduled DNA synthesis and covalent binding to DNA induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in resting human mononuclear leukocytes.

The levels of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and of NA-AAF binding to DNA have been determined in resting mononuclear leukocytes from individuals with various smoking habits, heart infarct patients and subjects diagnosed for hypertension. Age-matched and blood-pressure-controlled smokers (n = 99) had significantly elevated levels of NA-AAF-induced UDS and NA-AAF binding to DNA when compared to nonsmokers (n = 75) similarly corrected for age and blood pressure. Heart infarct patients without any history of risk factors, as well as diagnosed hypertensives with normalized blood pressure, were not significantly different from matched controls when assessed by the NA-AAF method. Our results support the theory that increased mutagen sensitivity is associated with smoking and high blood pressure but not with cardiovascular disease itself via some mechanism of genetic selection.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1983

Respiratory complications following surgery. Improved prediction with preoperative spirometry.

Patients who are old, overweight, who smoke and/or have symptoms of respiratory disease have an increased risk of atelectases and/or arterial hypoxemia in conjunction with surgery. The present study in 53 middle-aged men, operated on for gallbladder or peptic ulcer disease, illustrates how spirometry can be used to improve the prediction of respiratory complications. The relative risk of atelectases was greater in patients with functional residual capacity-closing capacity (FRC-CC) below -0.11 and the risk prediction based on age, body weight, smoking habits and respiratory symptoms was improved by adding information on FRC-CC. Arterial hypoxemia was more common in patients with wash-out volumes (WOV) above than below 35 l. The preoperative identification in high-risk patients of arterial hypoxemia based on the above-mentioned risk factors, was improved by adding information on WOV.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clustered breast calcifications.

In a consecutive series, clustered breast calcifications were classified according to their radiographic appearance. Rounded and 'cloudy' calcifications, and calcifications showing sedimentation were virtually always associated with benign disorders. All other types of clustered calcifications implied a substantial risk of carcinoma. Furthermore, calcifications appearing or increasing during an observation period (median 24 months) implied a larger risk than those remaining unchanged. Guidelines for the management of patients with clustered breast calcifications are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Does the retrocecal position influence the course of acute appendicitis.

In order to assess if and how the course in acute appendicitis is influenced by a retrocecal position of the vermiform appendix we reviewed the hospital records of 247 randomly selected patients who had been operated between 1976-78 at the Department of Surgery, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden. The retrocecal position was found in 17%. No association was found between age and anatomical position of the appendix. Perforation had occurred in 14% of the patients with the retrocecal position and in 18% of the patients with other anatomical positions. Patient's delay was prolonged in cases with perforation but was not influenced by the retrocecal position. Doctor's delay was in patients with non-perforated appendicitis longer in cases with than without the retrocecal position. The incidence of wound infections and other complications was increased in cases with perforation but was not further increased by the retrocecal position.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Acute appendicitis in patients above and below 60 years of age. Incidence rate and clinical course.

Malmö General Hospital is the single referral unit for 240000 people living in Malmö, Sweden. In order to assess the influence of age on annual risk and clinical course in acute appendicitis we reviewed hospital records of 673 randomly selected patients operated on 1972-1978. Annual incidence in 20-year-olds 4/1000 was four times higher than in the 59-70-year-olds. Perforation was more common in old than in young patients. Fifty-four percent of all cases above 60 were perforated. Patients older than 60 with perforation had the longest duration of symptoms. Age above 60 and perforation were both associated with an increased body temperature at arrival an increased risk of wound infection and other complications and a longer period of hospitalization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Mammographic patterns as indicators of risk of breast cancer. A cross-sectional population study.

As part of a breast cancer screening project, radiographic patterns were classified according to Wolfe as N1, P1, P2, or DY. P2 and DY were found to be more common in young women and were seen more frequently in women with breast cancer in all age groups, especially 45-49 years (odds ratio = 3.1; p = 0.19). 66% of the women in this age were classified as having P2 or DY breasts. The authors conclude that in women 45-49 years old, P2 and DY patterns are associated with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer; however, selective follow-up of women found to have P2 or DY at initial screening is not feasible, as no more than 50-60% of all cancers in this age group are associated with the P2 and DY patterns.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Acute abdomen in the surgical emergency room. Who is taken care of when for what?

During 1977, 5279 male and 4616 female visits (9895 in all) for acute abdominal conditions were made to the emergency room at the Department of Surgery in Malmö, Sweden. Twice as many patients were seen on Mondays and Tuesdays as on Saturdays. More than 50% of the visits were classified as non-specific abdominal pain or gastritis. The highest incidence of these two conditions was found in the 20-29-year age group and 2-3 times as many patients in this age group were seen on Mondays as on Saturdays and Sundays. It is concluded that studies on the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of different abdominal disorders should be of great value for proper planning of diagnostic and therapeutic resources and further of importance for the planning of the education and training of the general surgeon. Differences in the age- and sex-specific incidence rates as well as differences in the incidence rates from one time period to another illustrate the value of retrospective studies as a basis for future prospective studies regarding cause and potential for prevention of acute abdominal diseases.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1982

Risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and their predictive value. A study in 40-75 year-old men undergoing elective surgery for peptic ulcer or gallbladder disease.

Age, body weight, smoking, chronic bronchitis and duration of anaesthesia were assessed as risk factors for respiratory complications following surgery for peptic ulcer or gallbladder disease. The studies were made on 53 men aged 40-75 years. All variables were associated with increased postoperative risk of chest X-ray abnormality or arterial hypoxaemia or clinically overt respiratory complications. In the statistical analysis, however, none of the factors proved to be useful as a predictor of postoperative respiratory complications. The observed high frequencies of X-ray abnormalities (54%) and arterial hypoxaemia (43%) after operation indicate potential dangers. They may be reduced by cessation of smoking before the operation and reduction of weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The clinical significance of postoperative chest X-ray abnormalities, arterial hypoxemia and clinically recorded respiratory complications.

The clinical consequences of postoperative complications as defined by signs and symptoms, chest radiography and measurements of the arterial oxygen tension were studied in 53 men, aged 40-75, who were electively operated for peptic ulcer or gallbladder disease. Clinical signs of a respiratory complication were detected in 4 patients. Of the 28 patients with chest X-ray abnormalities and 23 with arterial hypoxemia only 2 had clinical signs of a disordered pulmonary function. None of the remaining patients with arterial hypoxemia and/or chest X-ray abnormalities required any specific treatment. Hospital stay was not prolonged in patients with respiratory complications. Arterial hypoxemia and chest X-ray abnormalities in patients without clinical signs of a disordered pulmonary function had no influence on postoperative course or rehabilitation and were in all cases reversible without treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Smoking habits and carboxyhaemoglobin. A cross-sectional study of an urban population of middle-aged men.

In this cross-sectional population study we report on the distribution of carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the morning, before smoking, in an urban population of 1037 men born in 1931. The median concentration was the same in non-smokers as in ex-smokers: 0.5%. It increased with increasing daily tobacco consumption. But when carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations are measured in reasonably well-standardised circumstances there are large variations between individuals, even in those who smoke equal amounts of tobacco a day. This makes it difficult to predict the concentration in the individual smoker when only his daily tobacco consumption is known. Measurements of carboxyhaemoglobin concentration should be a valuable complement to smoking history to identify the smoker at high risk of cardiovascular disease, to provide an extra argument to make the patient give up the habit, and to reinforce the efforts of those who try to do so.

Carboxyhemoglobin↗