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Biomedical subjects

L Jacobsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Jacobsson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Perceived parental behaviour and psychogenic needs.

A new inventory aimed at the assessment of perceived parental rearing practices (EMBU) and an inventory aimed at assessing psychogenic needs (CMPS) were completed by 152 healthy subjects of both sexes (108 males and 44 females). The series was comprised of 73 conscripts, 57 medical students, 15 vocational therapy students and 7 staff personnel who were 17-46 years old. Several significant correlations were found between dimensions of parental rearing behaviour and personality characteristics, most of them being consistent with earlier findings by other authors. Although statistically significant, the correlation coefficients were mostly low, leaving a large amount of unexplained variance. The findings of this study support the general assumption that the perception of parental rearing practices is an important factor in the shaping of personality make-up but that other, still unexplored factors might have an even greater importance in the determination of habitual personality characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Development of a new inventory assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour.

A new inventory (EMBU) to assess the own memories of parental rearing behaviour was constructed. EMBU is comprised of 81 questions grouped in 15 subscales and two additional questions referring to consistency and strictness of parental rearing behaviour to be answered in a four-step scale for the father and for the mother separately. The subscales cover rearing practices as for eexample overinvolment, affection, overprotectiveness, guilt engendering, rejection. 152 healthy subjects of both sexes (108 males and 44 females) completed the inventory. The item analysis showed that both parents attained similar scores in about half of the questions. Fathers scored higher in items referring to strictness, punishment and a low degree of involvement whereas mothers scored higher in items referring to involvement and affection. A principal component factor analysis permitted the hypothesized subscales to be identified. An analysis of the internal consistency of the subscales revealed a high frequency of significant internal correlations. A principal component factor analysis of the total scores of the 15 subscales allowed three main dimensions of rearing behaviour to be identified quite close to those reported in similar studies in the literature where other scales had been used.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Enzymes related to biogenic amine metabolism and personality characteristics in depressed patients.

Levels of the activity of enzyme systems involved in the synthesis and metabolism of biogenic amines have been linked in several reports in the literature with various psychopathological conditions and with variations in personality characteristics. In particular, significant negative correlations have been reported between levels of MAO-activity and sensation seeking. In the present study levels of MAO and DBH-activity were investigated in a series of 30 depressed patients, admitted consecutively, who completed a new personality inventory, the KSP, assumed to measure relatively stable personality traits. Our findings appeared to be consistent with those of earlier authors in that the most pronounced significant (negative) correlation occurred between MAO-activity levels and the monotony avoidance subscale of the KSP. This particular subscale is aimed precisely at measuring thrill-seeking and bears a close relation to the Sensation Seeking Scale used by other authors. In addition a weak positive correlation was found between the same subscale and levels of DBH-activity. Finally a weak negative correlation emerged between levels of MAO and the Guilt subscale of the KSP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multi-aspects classification of mental disorders (MACM). A solution to the present confusion in the international classification mental disorders.

The international classification of mental disorders (ICD-8) presented by the WHO has not been accepted in all countries and where it is used, local adjustments are made and sometimes parallel classification models are used. The diagnostic system has also been criticized as lacking in exactness and consistency and the reliability between diagnosticians has been shown to be low. As a consequence, international communication is made difficult and research is hampered. This problem is particularly relevant in the field of biological research. In fact, it can be suspected that most inconsistencies as regards results obtained in different places might depend upon an inconsistent use of the current diagnostic labels. A possible solution of this problem can be the use of a multiaspect classification model. Such a multiaspect model (MACM) including four variables - symptomatology, severity, course and supposed etiopathogenesis - has been tested for several years at Umeå. MACM is shown to be easly to communicate both in undergraduate training and in ternational communication. The reliability between diagnosticians is found to range from 56 to 82% as compared to 22-36% as concerns ICD-8. It is also shown that fairly homogeneous groups, both regarding course, supposed etiopathogenesis and biological basis, can be formed and that MACM seems to bear temporal stability. Computer programming of MACM diagnoses is as possible as with ICD-8 diagnoses. Furthermore, when Macm is used in clinical routine work, much more information valid in administrative routines is stored than what is possible when ICD-8 is used.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Reactivity to incoming stimuli and the experience of life-events.

In 60 patients, hospitalized for a depressive syndrome, visual average evoked potentials (V .AEP) to stimuli of different intensities and the occurrence of life-events during the last year, as assessed by means of a specially constructed questionnaire, were investigated. Patients with an augmenter response in V .AEP, i.e. a tendency to react with increasing maximum amplitude of the evoked potential when stimulus intensity is increased, were found to report more life-events, to report more life-events as extremely difficult, and to report adaptation after the life-event as difficult. Thus it seems clear that it is not only of importance to investigate the number and characteristics of life-events that occurred, but also to bring attention to the perceptual reactance of the person experiencing the event.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of normovolemic hemodilution of skeletal muscle oxygen pressure fields in atherosclerotic mini-pigs. Preliminary report.

Normovolemic hemodilution with dextran-70 was carried out in 4 Göttingen mini-pigs with induced atherosclerosis. Hematocrit was lowered stepwise to 10--15%. Measurements of the skeletal muscle surface oxygen pressure fields were carried out using the MDO oxygen electrode. Results indicated an optimal PO2 histogram at hematocrit between 21 and 25%, with uniformly abnormal histograms at hematocrit 10%. Cardiac output determinations in 1 animal revealed an initial increase in stroke volume (Hct 29%) followed by increasing heart rate at lower hematocrits. The results indicate that normovolemic hemodilution can be tolerated even in the presence of experimental atherosclerosis and that the matter needs further clinical study.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Choice of symptoms in a multi-aspects classification model applied to depressed patients.

A multi-aspects classification model (MACM) has been developed and presented in detail elsewhere. However, it is not clear which symptoms are best used to characterize the patient. The present investigation tried to answer four questions. Are the most severe symptoms most frequently used to characterize the patient? Are there severe symptoms which are not used? Are mild symptoms frequently used to characterize the patient? Are syndromatic stereotypes frequently used to characterize the patient? 50 consecutive admissions (15 males) with depression were rated on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and these ratings were compared with the symptoms used by the senior ward psychiatrists to characterize the patient. No indication was found that doctors use only the most severe symptoms; nor did they seem to use only diagnostic stereotypes based on theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of thrombosis after gynecologic surgery evaluated by an improved 125I-fibrinogen uptake test.

Two hundred and seventy-six women over 50 years of age who had gynecologic surgery were followed postoperatively with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test (125I-FUT) to detect deep venous thrombosis (DVT). By using a newly devised technique based on conventional 125I-FUT, the exact depth of thrombi could be determined. The correlation between the results with our new technique and those from phlebography was almost 100%. Forty-seven (17%) of the women developed DVT postoperatively, 60% of them occurring in the calf muscle veins. Patients subjected to abdominal hysterectomies for malignant diseases had the highest incidence of DVT (36%), whereas those operated on for benign diseases with the same technique had the lowest (11%). Patients operated on for uterine prolapse had an intermediate DVT frequency of 15% but advanced age and estrogens given preoperatively increased the frequency. Neither the type of anesthesia (epidural or general), nor the duration of the operation, significantly influence the incidence of DVT in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

A method for determination of the depth of thrombi after injection of fibrinogen labelled with iodine 125.

By using a specific characteristic of 125I decay, the depth of thrombi located in the lower limb could be determined. Twelve thrombi in nine patients were studied with the method and their localization was in all cases confirmed by phlebography and clinical examination. The results of the phlebograms were in good agreement with those of the 125I-fibrinogen method. The present method offers a promising alternative to phlebography in the diagnosis of postoperative thrombosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Aspects of aggression in formerly depressed patients and in healthy controls.

Thirty former inpatients (14 male and 16 female) who had suffered from a nonpsychotic depressive syndrome were investigated by means of a new personality inventory--the KSP--when they had recovered from the depressive disorder, and their results were contrasted to those obtained from 53 healthy controls (19 male, 34 female). Attention was focused on the subscales of the KSP which refer to aspects of aggression. Former patients scored significantly higher than controls in the variables 'irritability,' 'suspicion,' 'guilt,' and 'inhibition of aggression.' The findings suggest a particular personality makeup for at least one subgroup of depression-prone subjects and closely resemble classical concepts of hostility and depression.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Interprofessional communicability and reliability of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) as assessed by video-taped interviews.

Five raters: two experienced psychiatrists, two psychologists (one acquainted with the use of the scale and one new to it) and an untrained social worker, participated in training sessions in the use of the CPRS. Videotaped interviews were used for assessing the level of inter-rater reliability and the communicability of the CPRS to unexperienced raters. As in previous studies, it was found that the CPRS is easily communicable and that a very satisfactory level of agreement among raters can be achieved.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Variations in self-assessment of personality characteristics in depressed patients, with special reference to aspects of aggression.

30 in-patients, 14 male and 16 female, aged 24-69 years (mean age 47.1 +/- 2.7) suffering from a moderately severe or severe depressive syndrome completed a new personality inventory, the KSP, on two separate occasions. The first-when they were depressed and had just been admitted to the hospital, the second when they were at home and in their customary situation. On the same test occasions the severity of their psychopathology was rated by means of the CPRS. A significant improvement in CPRS rating was ascertained on the second test occasion. In contrast only small changes occurred in the subscales of the KSP. The score referring to 'psychic anxiety' and to 'somatic anxiety' decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05). The scores referring to 'social desirability' also showed a significant (p less than 0.01) slight decrease. Of particular note is that no significant differences were found in the 6 KSP subscales concerned with aspects of aggression, or in the factors which can be obtained from these subscales. Our findings amongst this population of non-psychotic depressed patients do not support the assumption that changes in the direction of aggression occur during depression.

Adult↗