Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to L J Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and somatic symptoms in U.S. Mien patients.

This report describes treatment over a period of 6 years of Mien refugees from highland Laos in the Indochinese Psychiatric Program of the Oregon Health Sciences University (Portland, OR). The medical and psychiatric problems of 84 patients were presented through somatic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or musculoskeletal pain. Primary care medical problems were identified and treated, with the major focus on the two most common psychiatric diagnoses: major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Cultural beliefs about illness and medication interfered with adherence to prescribed treatment. A marked sensitivity to side effects of certain antidepressants also resulted in subtherapeutic doses. Patients rarely volunteered their traumatic histories, psychiatric problems, or dissatisfaction with medications. However, the effective use of medication for somatic complaints, along with the continuing recognition of Mien health beliefs in psychosocial treatments, allowed for the development of a trusting doctor-patient relationship and continued psychiatric care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Reduction of HSV-1 binding to BHK cells after treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.

Baby-hamster kidney cells were treated with unspecific and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) prior to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Subsequent to PI-PLC treatment, a 30% reduction of infectivity and receptor binding was observed for type 1 virus, while type 2 was unaffected. Treating the cells with unspecific phospholipase C did not affect subsequent infection with either virus. Treatment of the virus particles with the unspecific phospholipase reduced its infectivity, probably due to loss of the viral envelope. PI-PLC treatment of virus particles did not have any such effect on virus infectivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic stability of fimbriae of Bacteroides nodosus.

Successful vaccination of sheep against footrot and attempts to eradicate the disease depend on there being a limit to the antigenic diversity of the causative bacterium, Bacteroides nodosus. Fimbrial antigenic variation was therefore investigated in vivo, both under conditions of chronic infection and under the pressure of a vaccine-induced immune response, to ascertain whether this represented an obstacle to such goals. Material was available from 5 experiments and although B. nodosus appeared to have undergone changes in its fimbrial antigens in one of these, the possibility that superinfection was responsible for the variation detected could not be ruled out because all sheep in this case were maintained at pasture. Overall, the results provided no evidence of fimbrial antigenic shift in B. nodosus in vivo and in conclusion, the survival of the organism in the sheep's foot, both in long-term natural infection and following vaccination, must therefore be related to factors other than the ability to undergo antigenic variation in order to evade the host's immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Morphogenetic expression of Moraxella bovis fimbriae (pili) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Type 4 fimbriae (pili) are found in a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria and are composed of small structural subunits which share significant sequence homology among different species, especially at their amino-terminal ends. Previous studies demonstrating morphogenetic expression of Bacteroides nodosus fimbriae from cloned subunit genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggested that there is a common mechanism for type 4 fimbriae assembly and that the structural subunits are interchangeable (J. S. Mattick et al., J. Bacteriol. 169:33-41, 1987). Here we have examined the expression of Moraxella bovis fimbrial subunits in P. aeruginosa. M. bovis subunits were assembled into extracellular fimbriae in this host, in some cases as a homopolymer but in others as a mosaic with the indigenous subunit, indicating structural equivalence. This result contrasts with other studies in which recombinant P. aeruginosa expressing different subunits produced fimbriae composed almost exclusively of one subunit or the other (T. C. Elleman and J. E. Peterson, Mol. Microbiol. 1:377-380, 1987). Both observations can be explained by reversibility of subunit-subunit interactions at the site of assembly, with the forward equilibrium favoring chain extension between compatible subunits.

DNA, Recombinant↗
PubMed1990

Localization on the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome of a region encoding proteins involved in adsorption to the cellular receptor.

We have previously shown that aminoglycosides such as neomycin and the polyamino acids polylysine and polyarginine selectively inhibit the binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to the cellular receptor, whereas HSV-2 infection is unaffected. In the present study we took advantage of this difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2 by using HSV(-1)-HSV(-2) intertypic recombinants to locate a region on the HSV-1 genome encoding proteins affecting the binding of the virion to the cellular receptor. The results were consistent with those obtained by marker rescue experiments. The identified region, which mapped between coordinates 0.580 and 0.687, contains two partial and eight complete genes, including the glycoprotein C (gC) gene and two others with potential transmembrane sequences. Various gC monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants of HSV-1 as well as a mutant completely lacking gC were found to be fully sensitive to neomycin, suggesting that gC is not the site of drug sensitivity and is not essential for adsorption of virus to the cellular receptor. However, the rate of adsorption was reduced in the absence of gC, indicating a facilitating function of the glycoprotein. The universal nature of this HSV-1 receptor binding was revealed by the similarity in drug sensitivity of infectivity in four different cell lines from various tissues and species.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees.

All 322 patients at a psychiatric clinic for Indochinese refugees were surveyed to determine the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If PTSD was not diagnosed at the time of initial evaluation, a structured reinterview was performed. Seventy percent of the patients (N = 226) met the criteria for a current diagnosis of PTSD, and an additional 5% (N = 15) met the criteria for a past diagnosis. The Mein had the highest rate of PTSD (93%) and the Vietnamese the lowest (54%). Of the patients with PTSD who were enrolled in the clinic before March 1988, 46% (N = 87) were given a diagnosis of PTSD only after the reinterview. PTSD is a common disorder among Indochinese refugees, but the diagnosis is often difficult to make.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1989

Herpes simplex virus-1-specific proteins are involved in alteration of polyphosphoinositide metabolism in baby-hamster kidney cells.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces altered phosphoinositide metabolism in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, measured as incorporation of [3H]inositol or [32P]Pi [Langeland, Haarr & Holmsen (1986) Biochem. J. 237, 707-712]. We now report that this response in the inositol phospholipids is dependent on virus-specific proteins synthesized in the beta (early) stage of virus protein synthesis. This was demonstrated both by resistance to the inhibitory effect of cycloheximide after this stage of infection, and by the use of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of HSV-1; ts mutants in which protein synthesis was blocked so that only the alpha proteins were expressed showed a PIP2/PIP (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate/phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate) ratio similar to uninfected cells, while ts mutants which were defective in protein synthesis at a late beta stage or later showed increased PIP2/PIP ratios similar to cells infected by wild type HSV-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The linear 20 kb mitochondrial genome of Pandorina morum (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyta).

A physical restriction map of the mitochondrial genome from one clone (TCC 854) of the sexually isolated populations (syngens) of the morphologically uniform species Pandorina morum Bory has been constructed using restriction endonucleases Ava I, Bam HI, Bgl II, Eco RI, Kpn I, and Pst I. The 20 kb linear genome can easily be separated from plastid DNA, nuclear satellite rDNA, and main band (nuclear) DNA on a Hoechst/CsCl buoyant density gradient. The Pandorina mitochondrial DNA shows sufficient similarity to the 16 kb mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cross-hybridize, and also hybridizes with a probe containing maize mitochondrial 18S rRNA genes. Double digests, self-probing, and Bal31 exonuclease experiments suggest that 1.8 to 3.3 kb of sequence is repeated at each end of the genome as an inverted repeat. Mitochondrial genome sizes of other P. morum syngens were found to range from ca. 20 to ca. 38 kb. The mitochondrial genome should be valuable for taxonomic studies; it can be used for comparative organellar studies; and it should be of interest to compare with that of other plant and animal mitochondrial genomes.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1989

Attachment of Moraxella bovis to calf corneal cells and inhibition by antiserum.

An in vitro assay was developed using calf corneal cells to assess the importance of fimbriae in the colonisation of the bovine ocular surface by Moraxella bovis, and the role of fimbrial antibodies in the bovine immune response and resistance to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Fimbriae promoted adherence of M. bovis to calf corneal cells in culture; 15 fimbriate isolates, representative of 6 fimbrial serogroups of M. bovis, adhered to the cells whereas 4 non-fimbriate isolates failed to do so. Fimbrial antibodies in hyperimmune rabbit serum inhibited attachment of all fimbriate strains of the homologous fimbrial serogroup but not those of 5 heterologous serogroups. The relevance of these results to the use of a polyvalent fimbrial vaccine in the control of IBK is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of polylysine with the cellular receptor for herpes simplex virus type 1.

We earlier reported that neomycin blocked reversibly the binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to the receptor of BHK cells, while the binding of HSV-2 to the receptor was unaffected. We could not determine whether the effect was on the virus particle, the receptor, or both. We have now tested several other cationic substances, and report that polylysine (and polyarginine) block the binding of HSV-1 to the receptor by interfering with the cellular receptor function; higher molecular weight polylysines were more potent than those of lower molecular weight. Polylysine and neomycin showed additive effects. In vitro, polylysine showed the same strong binding to the plasma membrane phosphoinositides as did neomycin. Together these data suggest that the drugs may have a common target in the cell membrane. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 virus particles were unaffected by the drugs, as was the cellular HSV-2 receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of state hospital patients who are hard to place.

As a result of deinstitutionalization, acute care beds in state hospitals have become blocked by patients who lack access to appropriate community placements but who have derived maximum benefit from hospital care. To help plan community services for these patients, this study identified and described patients at an Oregon state hospital who were hospitalized longer than therapeutically necessary because no community facility could treat them. A total of 146 patients were identified during a three-month period, and 81 were described; 65 percent were men, 70 percent were schizophrenic, and 90 percent presented a risk to themselves or others. The patients exhibited few strengths, and one-third had a substance abuse problem, at least one counter-therapeutic attitude, or a need for medical monitoring. The authors describe how new community residential facilities can meet the needs of these difficult patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antigenic analysis of fimbrial proteins from Moraxella bovis.

Fimbrial proteins were extracted from 15 isolates of Moraxella bovis, and antisera to each of the preparations were raised in rabbits. The antigenic relationships of the fimbriae were investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and a slide agglutination test. With all three methods there was a similar pattern of antigenic cross-reactivity among the fimbriae. The 15 isolates, together with 23 additional isolates, could be grouped into seven fimbrial serogroups.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Dynamics of calcium metabolism in infancy and childhood. I. Methodology and quantification in the infant.

The dynamics of calcium metabolism in the human infant were determined using stable isotopes of calcium as tracers. Two isotopes, one given intravenously and the other orally were used. Tracer time-dependent dilutions were measured with high accuracy and precision using thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Similar studies were performed in infant rhesus monkeys using radio tracers. Analysis of the isotope dilutions using a compartmental model method showed quite similar results for the infants of both species. These similarities support the validity both of using stable isotopes in human studies, and the use of the rhesus monkey as a model for human calcium dynamics. It was found that the classical steady state compartmental model was inadequate for use in the rapidly growing infant, and the model was modified to account for the expansion of the body fluid calcium compartment during the time of the study. Comparison with adult human calcium metabolic parameters showed that urinary calcium flows are much higher in the adult than in the newborn, relative to other calcium metabolic parameters. Other parameters of infant calcium metabolism are all consistent with the growth and more rapid metabolism usually seen in the young.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

IgG and IgM antibody to native type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis serum and synovial fluid. Evidence for the presence of collagen-anticollagen immune complexes in synovial fluid.

Levels of IgG and IgM antibody to native type II collagen, a component of articular cartilage, were measured by a specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay, in 48 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Good correlations were found between the levels in sera and those in synovial fluids. Collagenase digestion caused a significant rise in specific antibody levels in synovial fluids, indicating the presence of intraarticular collagen-anticollagen complexes. These immune complexes may be one mechanism for perpetuation of inflammation in some rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Adult↗