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Biomedical subjects

L Israel

Publications and source records attributed to L Israel.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Elaboration and standardization of a series of psychometric tests for old people (author's transl)].

We had previously elaborated a series of psychometric tests for old people. The aim of this test series is to assess the effects of brain-stimulating drugs (vasodilatating drugs). A factorial analysis was then carried out which enables us to reduce the number of tests, on the one hand, and to indicate the most fundamental fields of activity in old people, on the other hand. Four factors were distinguished. They assess respectively: watchfulness, memory, fluidity, and precision in the task undertaken. These four factors are strongly correlated. This implies the presence of a general factor, close in kind to the first factor. Watchfulness, attention and concentration are, in fact, necessary but insufficient conditions for the performance of all cognitive activities. A total of 7 tests among the most representative of each factor were retained. They are described in detail: test conditions, instructions, scoring and standardization.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Research and elaboration of a series of psychological tests for studying the quality of memory in old people (author's transl)].

Two series of mnesic tests were elaborated for experimental purposes by grouping and adapting traditional memory tests. The first set gives an overall study of the individual by assessing his short-term retention abilities. The second set is more specific and measures essentially his learning capabilities and the memorizing processes. These test series were designed to furnish both an instantaneous evaluation of the individual in relation to a group and a longitudinal evaluation of his abilities. Rather than assessing the mnesic capital, the test series evaluate the dynamic forms of memory expression which underlie every mnemonic operation, such as: memory span (or field of apprehension), retention processes, recognition, identification, spontaneous reminiscence, induced reminiscence (or associative memory), learning abilities on the basis of both concrete and practical as well as abstract and verbal material. They represent a psychometric tool permitting comparisons through a range of retests and quantifiable scoring of results. But they are also a clinical instrument, in the sense that the processes of the various intellectual functions can be qualitatively apprehended.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Cyclophosphamide and CCNU in the treatment of inoperable small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with small cell carcinoma and 185 patients with adenocarcinoma were centrally randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide (1000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) iv or cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) iv plus CCNU (70 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) orally. Those patients who were initially treated with the single agent were then treated with CCNU (130 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) at the time of cyclophosphamide failure. Objective tumor regression occurred more frequently with the combination regimen in patients with small cell carcinoma (43% vs 22%, P = 0.002), but no difference in response rates was apparent in patients with adenocarcinoma. In both cell types patients survived somewhat longer following treatment with the combination. The overall incidence of severe toxicity was equal for the two regimens in both cell types; however, the therapeutic index of the combination was superior to that of the single agent in small cell carcinoma. Severe drug toxicity was more frequent in small cell carcinoma patients with extensive disease, and survival was reduced in both cell types with extensive disease. Survival was better for ambulatory patients in both cell types and women survived longer than men. In women with small cell carcinoma, ambulatory status also was associated with a higher incidence of tumor regression. In patients with small cell carcinoma those who had prior lung surgery survived longer than those without prior surgery. Previous radiation therapy was associated with a reduced incidence of objective regression in men with small cell carcinoma. In both cell types patients with tumor regression lived longer than nonresponders; however, objective disease stability was associated with improved survival only in patients with adenocarcinoma. Stratification in future studies should consider extent of disease, performance status, sex, and prior therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Phase II study of tamoxifen: report of 74 patients with stage IV breast cancer.

Tamoxifen (NSC-180973), a synthetic antiestrogen, was studied for efficacy and toxicity in patients with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Two dose levels were used, 10 mg bid and 15 mg/m2 bid, in separate groups. In the 10-mg bid dosage group, 30 of the 31 patients were considered evaluable for efficacy. Five complete and 11 partial responses were recorded, for an overall response rate of 53%. In the 15-mg/m2 bid dosage group, 44 of the 45 patients were considered evaluable for efficacy. Three complete and 16 partial responses were recorded, for an overall response rate of 43%. All 76 patients were evaluated for toxicity. Side effects were generally mild, consisting mostly of hot flushes, transient leukopenia, transient thrombocytopenia, nausea, and fluid retention. A high degree of correlation between response and positive estrogen-receptor assay suggests the value of the test as a means to select patients for tamoxifen treatment. The conclusion from this study is that tamoxifen used as a single agent is an effective drug with minimal toxicity for treatment of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of cutaneous nevocarcinomas].

For long, malignant melanoma of the skin was never treated other than surgically; in spite of considerable effort in this field, a large number of them remained with a very poor prognosis. In the severest cases, it was noted that the prognosis was little influenced by recent therapeutic progress. The latter, however, in the light of recent experience, seemed to justify the hope which was placed in it initially. The object of this report is to relate modern progress in the treatment based on clinical and pathological findings. It is the result of work undertaken during recent years by the research group on malignant melanomas of the Lariboisiére-Saint-Louis hospitals.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Response of 65 measurable epidermoid bronchogenic tumors of known spontaneous doubling time to four different chemotherapeutic regimens--strategic deductions.

Variations in the dimensions of 65 bronchogenic epidermoid tumors of known spontaneous doubling time were studied under the influence of four chemotherapeutic regimens: cyclophosphamide, 19 cases; Mitomycin C, 20 cases; CCNU, 9 cases; and a five-drug combination, 17 cases. Several parameters were measured, and escape was defined as the moment in time when the growth curve during treatment became parallel to the spontaneous growth curve. The parameters measured were nature and distribution of responses (unchanged progression, slowing-down, plateau, regression), duration of response, time required to achieve maximum response, and time lapse between maximum response and escape. Regarding application to lung cancer, we have concluded from out results that Mitomycin C should replace cyclophosphamide in combination chemotherapeutic regimens. With regard to general strategy, our results suggest that the drug regimen should be changed as soon as maximum response is reached or immediately following the first course if progression continues unchanged. Moreover, in all of the 27 patients whose tumors regressed, escape occurred within less than three months from the onset of the treatment. In view of this fact and insofar as chemotherapy is considered for adjuvant therapy aiming at complete eradication, sequential combinations would be preferable to prolonged administration of a single agent or combination.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗