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Biomedical subjects

L Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to L Goldberg.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The heart rate response as an indicator of changes in activation induced by alcohol.

This experiment was conducted in order to examine different alcohol-induced states of activation as indicated by the acoustic evoked heart rate response (HRR). Twelve healthy male subjects received 0.7 g/kg alcohol in one session of a cross-over designed experiment. In the control session no alcohol was given. The measurements of three parameters of the heart rate response as well as the self-assessments of mood were repeated five times along the course of the venous blood alcohol concentration. Significant depressant alcohol effects were reflected in a decrease in the HRR acceleration as well as in a decrease in vitality, vigilance, and self-estimated startle reaction. Stimulating effects could be observed in an increase of the mean heart rate and the second HRR deceleration. We conclude that different alcohol-induced states of activiation represent different patterns of inhibitory and facilitatory processes, each manifesting itself in different parameters. The results suggest three major components of alcohol action: 1) an inhibition release with immediate onset,2) a slower processing inhitition,3) attention focussing as a compensatory response to inhibition.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

[The time-course of alcohol induced changes in self-rating-scales of mood (author's transl)].

Alcohol was administered in a dose of 0.77 g per kg bodyweight to 16 healthy male subjects in a cross-over-design. A study was made of a number of psychological and physiological variables to determine the modifications that accompany the alcohol-induced changes in the orienting response to an auditory stimulus. Five determinations were made at intervals following a dose of alcohol and five in a control session when no alcohol was given. The results obtained for the psychological variables (self-ratings of the intensity of intoxication and the degree of being startled by the first stimulus; and self-assessment of mood) show alcohol to have stimulant as well as depressant effects. Some of the variables show stimulant effects, mainly at the beginning of the absorption phase, whereas other variables show depressant effects, both in the absorption phase and the postabsorption phase. Changes in physiological variables (such as parameters of electrodermal activity and of the heart rate response) support these findings. The simultaneous presence of both stimulant and depressant effects is pointed out as well as the difficulties in describing these findings in terms of a unidimensional model of activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Relation between drug-induced central nervous system effects and plasma levels of diazepam in man.

Pharmacodynamic effects and plasma levels of diazepam were studied in healthy male volunteers at different dose levels. Responses to diazepam were quantified, using instruments which measured body sway (statometry) and psychomotor performance (stressalyser tests). High dose-related correlations were obtained between drug-induced changes in test parameters and drug plasma levels, both with regard to stimulant and depressive effects. Techniques were devised for evaluating and comparing the efficacy and usefulness of different types of tests, taking into account critical thresholds, slopes and error estimates, correcting for changes in predrug levels and control (nondrug) trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Aggression in children in an urban clinic.

Seeking to identify causal factors and practical means of controlling aggressive behavior, the clinical records of 35 aggressive and 35 non-aggressive boys were examined for evidence of parental and peer models, frustating life experiences, and capacity for fantasy on projective tests. Records of 15 girls were also studied. The most striking difference between groups appeared in the high frequency of aggressive behavior in parents and peers of the aggressive children and the relative absence of such behavioral models for the nonaggressive groups. Support for fantasy and frustation theories was also found. The reduction of aggressive behavior would necessitate going beyond individual treatment and enlisting the cooperation of aggressive families.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

Staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease.

We reviewed 39 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease who underwent staging laparotomy and such cases in the English literature over the past two-and-a-half years. In the group of institutions in our compilation, the accuracies of clinically positive and negative judgments of liver involvement were 28 per cent and 95.4 per cent respectively, while in our institution the accuracies were 100 per cent and 95 percent respectively. The accuracies of the clinically positive and negative determinations of splenic involvement were 61.2 per cent and 67.3 per cent respectively after histological examination, whereas we had accuracies of 100 per cent and 74 per cent respectively. The accuracies of the clinically positive and negative determination of lymph nodes were 72.1 per cent and 86.7 per cent respectively, whereas the results were 70.6 per cent and 100 per cent respectively in our 39 cases. The percentage of complications was 10 per cent and the mortality rate was 0.9 per cent among 719 staging laparotomies. The common complications were atelectasis, pneumonia, wound infection and dehiscence, abscess, intestinal obstruction and thrombocytosis. We think more aggressive staging laparotomy should be performed for Hodgkin's disease under one surgeon or one surgical team.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of dopamine on renal microcirculation in hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Dopamine, a naturally occuring catecholamine, was infused at the rate of 6 micrograms per kilogram per minute on an hemorrhagic shock model in dogs. Urinary output was continuously recorded, with arterial pressure being maintained at 50 millimeters of mercury. At the termination of the experiment, the dogs were sacrificed, and renal microcirculation was studied by an angiomicrohistologic technique. There was a dramatic increase in urinary output following the infusion of dopamine. Results of the microcirculatory study of the renal vasculature showed markedly increased cortical perfusion and dilation of vessels, particularly at a level of afferent arterioles; however, findings on efferent arterioles were inconsistent. Also, changes in the microvasculature of the medulla were less striking than those of the cortex following the administration of dopamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Macrophage-lymphocyte clustering in rheumatoid arthritis.

The cells in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain a small percentage of macrophages. Such macrophages were isolated and cultured alone and with homologous and heterologous lymphocytes for 24 hours, in an attempt to identify possible contact between living lymphocytes and macrophages. Such contact was found, with clustering of lymphocytes around macrophages, and was particularly well shown by scanning electron microscopy.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗