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Biomedical subjects

L Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to L Gardner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Laminin in human trophoblast--decidua interaction.

Laminin was localized by immunohistology to stromal cells of the human non-pregnant endometrium as well as to similar cells of the decidua. Only small amounts of laminin were detected during the proliferative phase, but significant quantities had accumulated by the mid-secretory phase which persisted in decidua if pregnancy occurred. This cyclical variation suggested hormonal control of laminin production. The presence of laminin could also be demonstrated in decidual cells in culture, most of which was intracellular or pericellular with very little liberated into the culture supernatant. Human first trimester trophoblast cells were observed to attach preferentially to laminin-coated surfaces in vitro. The role of laminin in trophoblast-decidua interaction in vivo is discussed.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1987

A randomized study of oral nutritional support versus ad lib nutritional intake during chemotherapy for advanced colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer.

One hundred ninety-two patients with previously untreated metastatic cancer (102 non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]; 90 colorectal cancer) were randomized to receive either ad lib nutritional intake (control group) or specific nutritional intervention during a 12-week study period when chemotherapy was administered. Those patients randomized to nutritional interventions were counselled to take oral nutrients with caloric intake equal to 1.7 to 1.95 times their basal energy expenditure, depending on their pretreatment nutritional status ("standard" group). An augmented group was counselled to have a caloric intake equivalent to that of the standard group but with 25% of calories provided as protein and additional supplements of zinc and magnesium. Counselling increased caloric intake in both tumor types but reduced weight loss in the short term only for lung cancer patients. Ninety-three NSCLC patients were evaluable for tumor response to vindesine and cisplatin. Overall, only 20.4% of the patients responded, and there were no significant differences in response rates, median time to progression, or overall duration of survival between the nutrition intervention groups and the control group. The tumor response rate to time-sequenced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate in the 81 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer was only 14.8%, and no significant differences in tumor response rates were noted between the three groups. Furthermore, the median time to progression and overall duration of survival were not different for the control, standard, and augmented groups. Nutritional interventions using dietary counselling had no impact on the percent of planned chemotherapy dose administered, the degree of toxicity experienced by patients, or the frequency of treatment delays. A multivariate prognostic factor analysis demonstrated that for lung cancer, the percent of weight loss, serum albumin concentration, and presence of liver metastases were significant (P less than .05) and independent prognostic variables for survival duration. For colorectal cancer, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and percent targeted caloric intake (TCI) were significant independent predictors of survival duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing.

A self-administered diet history questionnaire has been developed for epidemiologic and clinical use. Both the food list and the nutrient values to be associated with it were developed using dietary data from 11,658 adult respondents to the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Food items were selected on the basis of their contribution to total population intake of energy and each of 17 nutrients in the NHANES II data, and represent over 90% of each of those nutrients. Associated nutrient composition values were determined from the NHANES II database using frequency of consumption data in that survey. Portion sizes to be associated with each food item were derived from observed portion size distributions in NHANES II, based on three-dimensional models. The resulting food list and its corresponding brief data base, when used to calculate nutrients from a diet record, yielded correlations of r greater than 0.70 with the more detailed method. Field administration produced mean values comparable to national data.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on the dietary intake of patients with small cell lung cancer. A randomized trial.

In a randomized trial of 119 patients with small cell cancer of the lung, the effects of a 30-day course of central intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) on dietary intake were evaluated. All patients underwent the same aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy; 57 patients received IVH and 62 served as controls. Median caloric intake prior to antineoplastic therapy was less than 1.2 times basal energy expenditure, below the maximum necessary to maintain weight. While receiving IVH, patients had increased caloric and protein intake. Once the IVH was stopped, oral intake was transiently depressed and thereafter similar to control patients. Baseline nutritional parameters, age, sex, and immediate toxicity from chemotherapy did not predict subsequent caloric insufficiency. Direct estimation of dietary intake is likely the most valuable measure in selecting patients who will need adjunctive nutritional support.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dietary intakes of essential nutrients among Mexican-Americans and Anglo-Americans: the San Antonio Heart Study.

Dietary intakes of essential nutrients were measured as part of a population-based investigation of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican-Americans and Anglo-Americans in San Antonio, Texas. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were conducted on 2134 individuals residing in three socioeconomically distinct neighborhoods: low-income, middle-income, and upper-income. Mean intakes of calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly lower among Mexican-Americans than among Anglos. Intake of vitamin C was most affected by socioeconomic status. Females of both ethnic groups consumed less than their RDA for calcium and iron. Intakes of B vitamins, phosphorus, and potassium were adequate, with few ethnic or socioeconomic differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Self-control of psychophysiologic response to motion stress: using biofeedback to treat airsickness.

Investigators of the Neuropsychiatry Branch, Clinical Sciences Division, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), provided biofeedback-moderated behavioral treatment to 53 fliers grounded for chronic, severe motion sickness, and followed each flier for 2 years after treatment completion. Success was defined as returning to and maintaining satisfactory operational flying status. Of these, 42 fliers (79%) met this criterion; 3 (6%) were partially successful, and 8 (15%) were subsequently grounded for recurrent airsickness. Follow-on studies will investigate psychophysiological mechanisms through which this method of treatment works.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1984

Biological and biochemical characterization of a new isolate of feline sarcoma virus: Theilen-Pedersen (TP1-FeSV).

A new feline sarcoma virus designated Theilen-Pedersen (TP1-FeSV) has been isolated from a spontaneous, slowly growing fibrosarcoma of a domestic short-haired 4-year-old castrated cat. The virus codes for a gag-onc fusion protein of 83,000 molecular weight phosphorylated in vivo at serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Cells transformed in vitro with TP1-FeSV exhibit five- to 10-fold elevated levels of phosphotyrosine over FeLV-infected cells. The gag-onc polyprotein has associated with it a tyrosyl protein kinase activity which in vitro results in autophosphorylation of the molecule at tyrosine residues. The fusion protein cannot be labeled metabolically with [3H]glucosamine and tunicamycin has no effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the in vivo [32P]orthophosphate-labeled fusion protein. The fusion protein, in common with the gag precursor Pr65gag, can be metabolically labeled with palmitic acid.

Acylation↗
PubMed1984

Report on Clinical Nutrition Research Units.

The National Institutes of Health support seven Clinical Nutrition Research Units, which are designed to create or strengthen nutrition research, training, and education through coordinated effort, intellectual stimulation, and use of shared resources. Research at the participating institutions focuses on the role of nutrition in cancer, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, digestive diseases, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and other illnesses. Contributing substantially to the development of this nutrition research base have been Clinical Nutrition Research Unit-supported pilot studies, core laboratories, and new investigators. In the clinical setting, Clinical Nutrition Research Unit Nutritional Support Services assist in the care of patients receiving total parenteral nutrition and those with anorexia nervosa, burns, cancer, and a spectrum of nutrition-related problems. Participation of Clinical Nutrition Research Unit staff in training activities range from undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate education courses for medical students and other health professionals to continuing education workshops, lecture series, and information programs for professional and lay audiences.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed1983

Adenovirus serotypes isolated from ocular infections in London.

During the period 1973-8 700 adenoviruses were isolated from the eyes of patients presenting at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Of these, 678 were serotyped by a neutralisation test. Twenty-one different serotypes were identified. Serotype 3, 7, and 10 accounted for 68% of the isolates, 4, 8, 15 (15/29), and 19 for 25%, and the other 14 serotypes for 7%. Community outbreaks of ocular infections by adenovirus 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 (15/29) were observed. Outbreaks with adenovirus 3, 7, and 10 appeared to continue for 2 years or more, whereas outbreaks with 4 and 15 (15/29) were restricted to one year or less. Hospital outbreaks by adenovirus 8 and 19 were also recorded. During the same period 18 of these 21 adenovirus serotypes were isolated from the nonocular sites (mainly respiratory tract) in 7804 cases. There was a close association in the distribution of adenovirus 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 in the ocular and nonocular sites. No such association was observed for adenovirus serotypes 4, 8, 10, 15 (15/29), and 19.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1981

Pioneer spirit.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1980

Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg.

Surveys carried out using a chromogenic cephalosporin test for beta-lactamase production (ampicillin resistance) among isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg have indicated an appreciable prevalence, especially among children seen at the new Johannesburg Hospital. Of type b strains recovered from these children, 10,9% were ampicillin-resistant. Three of the last 10 cases of serious systemic H. influenzae infections encountered at the Johannesburg Hospital were caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains, all of these having been acquired in the community rather than in hospital. These findings suggest that the optimal initial starting treatment for serious systemic or life-threatening H. influenzae infections should include chloramphenicol, either alone or at least in conbination with ampicillin or a similar compound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cimetidine vs placebo in duodenal ulcer therapy. Six-week controlled double-blind investigation without any antacid therapy.

We studied the healing efficacy of cimetidine or placebo in 23 endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer outpatients in a randomized, controlled, prospective, double-blind trial. There were 11 patients in the cimetidine (1200 mg daily) treatment group and 12 patients in the placebo-treated group. No antacid was allowed, but a placebo antacid with no neutralizing capacity was given as needed for pain. The incidence of complete endoscopic healing at 2, 4, and 6 weeks was 54%, 63%, and 72% in the cimetidine-treated patients and 8%, 50%, and 67% in the placebo-treated patients. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in complete duodenal ulcer healing between both treatment groups after 2 weeks of therapy, but there was no significant difference at the 4- and 6-week observation periods. The incidence of complete pain relief at 2 and 4 weeks was 64% and 82% in the cimetidine-treated patients and 67% and 75% in the placebo-treated patients. At 6 weeks of treatment there was no increase in the number of patients with complete pain relief in either group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of ulcer pain relief at any of the three observation periods. Duodenal ulcer healing rates and duodenal ulcer pain relief were compared at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. There was no statistical association between ulcer healing and complete pain relief in the placebo treatment group at the 2-week evaluation period, but there was statistical association (P < 0.05) in the cimetidine treatment group at 2 weeks and both treatment groups at the 4- and 6-week evaluation periods. The results of this study demonstrate that in duodenal ulcer out-patients treated for 6 weeks: (1) cimetidine increases the incidence of duodenal ulcer healing during the first 2 weeks of treatment; (2) more than 50% of duodenal ulcers will spontaneously heal during a 4 to 6-week observation period which is not statistically modified by cimetidine treatment; (3) the complete relief of duodenal ulcer pain is not influenced by treatment with cimetidine when compared to placebo.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Salt taste detection: an R-index approach to signal-detection measurements.

The R-index approach to the signal-detection P(A) index of sensitivity was used to measure taste sensitivity to NaCl solutions. The R-index is the predicted probability of the correct choice of a signal, for a given signal-noise pair. For flow-wise and sipwise presentation, R-indices did not fluctuate significantly, provided subjects could not see the stimuli yet to be presented, indicating a lack of systematic sensitivity drift. The simultaneous measurement of more than one signal strength with reference to a common noise stimulus was seen to be a viable and sensitive procedure. Comparison of flow-wise and sipwise presentation of stimuli using R-indices, indicated that the former elicited greater subject sensitivity to NaCl taste.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cimetidine in the treatment of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. A randomized, double-blind study.

A double-blind study was made of the comparative effectiveness of cimetidine in the treatment of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. The study group was composed of 27 patients with acute episodes of alcoholic pancreatitis of mild to moderate severity. The patients were randomized into 2 groups, either receiving cimetidine, 300 mg four times daily or a placebo. Both groups were given intravenous fluids and meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) as needed. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups as measured by a variety of clinical and laboratory parameters. The mean value of the daily serum amylase in the placebo group declined steadily to normal; hyperamylasemia in this group persisted for 52 +/- 11 hr (mean +/- SE). By contrast, serum amylase in the cimetidine group peaked at 24 hr after the start of treatment and remained abnormal slightly longer; the duration of hyperamylasemia in the group was 69 +/- 10 hr. It is concluded that: (1) cimetidine is not superior to a placebo in the management of mild to moderately severe acute alcoholic pancreatitis and (2) serum amylase activity in patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis given cimetidine tends to be greater and hyperamylasemia is of somewhat longer duration than in those treated with a placebo.

Acute Disease↗