Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Galli

Publications and source records attributed to L Galli.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Adrenal incidentalomas: what is the role of fine needle biopsy?

A series of 13 patients with incidental adrenal mass discovered by computed tomography or/and ultrasound is reported. In 5 cases endocrine evaluation and radiological criteria suggested the diagnosis of the mass. In 8 cases we carried out fine needle biopsy (FNB) under ultrasound guidance. FNB confirmed in two cases the presence of metastatic diseases, in one case adrenal adenoma, in other two cases myelolipoma and in one case lymphoma. Surgical exploration was avoided in all cases. In two cases the presence of an asymptomatic adrenal carcinoma and of a giant adenoma, potentially malignant, was demonstrated by FNB. None of the patients underwent surgical exploration as a final diagnostic measure. In conclusion, FNB may represent a useful tool to select the best modalities of treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic significance of immunologic changes in 675 infants perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. The Italian Register for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children.

Neutrophil, lymphocyte, and T-cell subset numbers and immunoglobulin levels were evaluated at birth to age 2 years in 675 children born to mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (58 infected symptom-free subjects (P-1), 203 infected subjects with symptoms (P-2), and 414 uninfected subjects). The P-2 patients had (even at birth to age 1 month) lower CD4+ lymphocyte and higher IgA and IgM values than P-1 and uninfected children had. Increased IgG values (from 1 to 6 months of age) and increased CD8+ lymphocyte numbers (at 13 to 24 months of age) were also observed. The P-1 children differed from uninfected children only at 13 to 24 months of age (decreased CD4+ and increased CD8+ lymphocytes). Progressive immunologic changes were found in P-2 patients who had severe clinical conditions and in those who died. To evaluate the predictive meaning of the immunologic changes, we selected 164 children (25 P-2, 15 P-1, and 124 uninfected children) because they had been examined sequentially from birth and they were classified as in the indeterminate state of infection (P-0) at immunologic evaluations at birth to age 1 and at 1 to 6 months of age. During the 1- to 6-month period, P-2 patients had higher immunoglobulin and lower CD4+ lymphocyte values than P-1 and uninfected children had; no difference was found between P-1 and uninfected subjects. These results indicate that in infants with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, immunologic abnormalities correlate with the clinical condition and are predictive of the clinical outcome rather than the infection status.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1991

The neodymium:YAG laser recanalization in a patient with azoospermia due to ejaculatory duct agenesis.

A 32-year-old man with azoospermia is presented. Transperineal echographically guided vesiculography of the vas deferens showed absence of the ejaculatory duct and presence of a cystic müllerian duct in which both enlarged seminal vesicles joined. Transurethrally, by means of a contact tip over the verumontanum a new channel was created by neodymium:YAG laser irradiation at 25 watts every 2 seconds. The patient had 32.10(6) spermatozoa per ml. with good quality on semen analysis 10 months later.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Decreased platelet serotonin uptake in bipolar I patients.

The 5HT transporter complex in platelets is similar to that in the brain and thus widely used in biological psychiatry as a peripheral marker of the 5HT system. Our study aim was to measure 14C-5HT uptake parameters (Vmax and Km) in platelets from 12 patients affected by bipolar disorder, as compared with 12 healthy controls. The uptake assay was performed according to the method of Arora and Meltzer (1981). The results showed that the Vmax was significantly lower in bipolar patients than in healthy controls, with no modification of the Km. These preliminary data would indicate therefore that the mechanism of 5HT transport is altered in platelets of bipolar patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

HIV-I infection in perinatally exposed siblings and twins. The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children.

In a multicentre study on perinatal HIV-I infection including 1493 children born from 1471 pregnancies to 1415 infected mothers, 22 twin pairs and 56 sibships (115 children) were recorded. The frequency of twin pregnancies was 1.5 (22/1471) and 3.9% (56/1415) seropositive women had more than one at risk pregnancy. In 18 twin pairs with a known infection status nine of the 36 children (25%) were infected. Discordance in infection status was present in only one (5.5%) dizygous pair. A high relative risk of infection (23.1) in a twin was observed when the other was infected. Infection was unrelated to gestational age, mode of delivery, or birth weight. Infection status was defined in 41 sibships (84 children including one first born twin pair and one third born child). When the first born was infected, 11/26 (42.3%) second born children were also infected, whereas this happened in only 2/16 (12.5%) second or third born children when the first born was uninfected. Two out of nine first born (22.2%) and 5/21 (23.8%) second born children prospectively followed up from birth acquired the infection. Results of this study demonstrate that neither twin nor second pregnancies are at increased risk of mother to child HIV-I transmission. Overall data suggest that non-casual factors in mother and/or child influence perinatal infection.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1991

[Intraprostatic prosthesis: echographic monitoring].

22 patients affected by BPH have been treated with a spiral urethral prosthesis under local anesthesia with ultrasonic guidance and endoscopic technique. All the patients either refused the surgical procedure or had high operative risk. Insertion guided by ultrasound and endoscopic technique was successful in 19 patients (86%) with a follow-up of 12 months. In our experience the insertion of this prosthesis is a favorable alternative to an indwelling catheter in selected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Transrectal echography in the diagnosis of non-palpable prostatic carcinoma].

285 affected by BPH have been evaluated by transrectal ultrasound. All the patients had a palpably normal prostate without abnormality suggestive of cancer. 56 patients (19.6%) presented ultrasonic abnormality areas. Under ultrasound guidance, biopsy was done by the transperineal route and biopsy material showed the presence of prostatic carcinoma in 24 patients (8.3%). 6 of these had neoplasm in the non peripheral zone. The study suggests the validity of ultrasound, in particularly transrectal ultrasound, in the identification of non palpable prostatic cancer. In conclusion ultrasound appears very useful in the preoperative evaluation of the patients affected by BPH in order to identify neoplasms non detectable with other methods.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Congenital urethral diverticulum in the male: a twenty-one year old man with a congenital urethral diverticulum at the bulbous urethra.

Diverticula of the urethral wall are not common. Generally, in the male, congenital urethral diverticulum is located in the anterior urethra. We report a twenty-one year old man who referred to our department for dysuria, micturition in two times, small stream urination. Sometimes he also presented a dry ejaculation. The exams showed, at the bulbous portion of the urethra, an urethral diverticulum. The diverticulum was probably congenital because the patient had no history of urinary infection, catheterization or trauma. A surgery procedure was performed. 9 months later, the result is good.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Morphodynamic and biochemical assessment of seminal plasma in patients who underwent local prostatic hyperthermia.

Fourteen young and sexually active patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis who failed to respond to conventional medical therapy underwent four 60 minute sessions of local prostatic hyperthermia. Calculated prostatic temperature was 42 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Analysis of seminal plasma was performed pre- and postoperatively and included: number, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa; zinc, citric acid, D-fructose, and free testosterone content. Preoperative semen analysis was normal in five patients and abnormal in nine. Morphodynamic and biochemical patterns of seminal plasma were not significantly altered by thermotherapy. Local prostatic hyperthermia can be safely used in patients with chronic abacterial prostatis not responding to conventional medical therapy and desiring to preserve their reproductive potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transplant of embryonal nervous tissue preserves the responses of rat retinal ganglion cells after section of the optic nerve.

We have investigated the effectiveness of embryonal tectal tissue transplants in preserving the physiological activity of lesioned ganglion cells by recording the visual responses from the adult rat retina after section of the optic nerve, with or without transplants of embryonal nervous tissue on the stump. We have found that transplant of embryonal nervous tissue at the level of the optic nerve section has dramatic effects in preserving visual retinal responses to patterned stimuli for times as long as five months after surgery. By this time retinal responses to patterned stimuli have almost completely disappeared in control animals with optic nerve section alone.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Recombinant interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in renal cancer patients: I. Phenotypic and functional analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The efficacy of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) or rIL-2 plus lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in cancer therapy has been demonstrated by several groups both in experimental models in animals and clinical trials in humans, but their effects in vivo have yet to be clarified. Starting February 1988, we have treated 12 patients affected by advanced renal cancer with rIL-2 + LAK cells according to an open, non-randomized, phase II trial. Immediately before each rIL-2 infusion and during the last day of infusion, immunological tests were performed on the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. During rIL-2 infusion we have observed a slight increase of the spontaneous cell proliferation and of natural killer (NK) and LAK activity; phenotypic analysis showed a significant decrease in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte subset, both in percentage and in absolute number. Conversely, before each cycle CD4+ cells increased when compared to basal values. No significant variations were observed in the CD8+ T-lymphocyte subset. Furthermore, a significant increase of the NK cells (CD3- CD56+ CD16+) was evident during rIL-2 infusion.

CD4 Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Bone mass in young patients with type I diabetes.

We measured bone mineral content (BMC) with single photon absorptiometry in two groups of young patients with type I diabetes: the first group (prospective study) consists of 48 patients followed from onset to the third year of diabetes and the second group (cross-sectional study) consists of 66 long-term diabetics. Bone mineral content at onset of disease was lower than normal in only two cases. After 3 years of diabetes no male revealed BMC below the normal range but two females (6.6%) had low BMC values. In our cross-sectional study we found a BMC reduction in 12% of the cases. We did not find a relationship between bone deficit and duration of diabetes, or bone mass values and HbA1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Allergy to different fish species in cod-allergic children: in vivo and in vitro studies.

The presence of a positive clinical history and skin test (ST) results for 17 fish species (anchovy, bass, carp, dogfish, eel, gilthead, mackerel, mullet, perch, red mullet, salmon, sardine, sole, tench, toothed gilthead, trout, and tuna) were investigated in 20 children with cod-positive clinical history, ST, and RAST, and in 40 children positive to one or more foods different from cod (cow's milk, chicken egg white, peanut, and tomato). In cod-positive children, positive clinical history (60%) and ST (85%) to fish species were more frequent than in cod-negative children (7.5% and 10% respectively). In cod-positive children, a high frequency of positive STs to eel (85%) and to bass, dentex, sole, and tuna (55%) was observed. Positivity to dogfish (10%) was the least frequent. RAST-inhibition experiments suggested the presence of cross-reacting antigen(s) in cod, bass, dentex, eel, sole, and tuna. Results of this study demonstrate that cod allergy might be, on the whole, a reliable index of fish allergy, but cod-positive children may perhaps tolerate some other species, which will have to be tested for possible inclusion in their diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Local bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for superficial bladder cancer: clinical, histological and ultrastructural patterns.

The effectiveness of intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin as a prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer has been definitely demonstrated. On the other hand, therapeutic regimens, duration effects, efficacy of either maintenance cycles or repeated courses of therapy in case of failures are still controversial. We report the results achieved in 15 cases of carcinoma in situ of the bladder and in 48 cases of superficial bladder cancer (Ta-T1 stage of disease) with bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. Our patients underwent an initial six week cycle and a following maintenance cycle with monthly administrations for one year. Median follow-up was 19 months (range 18-21 months). Patients with carcinoma in situ are now free of disease; on the contrary, patients with Ta-T1 tumors experienced 18 recurrences (28%). There was a marked decrease of recurrence rate when compared to previous local chemotherapy. We report in detail the adverse effects encountered and both histologic and ultrastructural findings observed after immunotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy can influence positively the natural history of the disease but possible adverse effects should always be considered before starting the treatment.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney is a rare tumor. The ninth case of the literature is reported. The treatment was surgery alone and after three years of follow up the patient is tumor-free.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Transplanted rat retinae do not project in a topographic fashion on the host tectum.

We report here that transplanted rat retinae do not project in a topographically organized fashion onto the host tectum. In fact, following the injection of two small non-overlapping regions of the host tectum, one with Fluorogold, the other with Rhodamine conjugated latex microspheres, groups of ganglion cells labelled with either dye are found interspersed throughout the ganglion cell layer of the retinal transplant. The absence of topography in the projections of transplanted retinae offers a new opportunity to examine the mechanisms which lead to topographically ordered projections in normal development.

Animals↗