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Biomedical subjects

L G Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L G Miller.

215 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of clonazepam by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography with application to single-dose pharmacokinetics.

A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for analysis of clonazepam in blood by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection is described. The method employs neutral benzene extraction from plasma and concentration into a small volume for autoinjection into the electron capture detector-equipped chromatograph. This method consistently provides blank plasma samples free of contaminants in the areas corresponding to the retention times for clonazepam and desmethylflunitrazepam (the internal standard). Sensitivity is 1 ng/mL, and standard curves are linear from 1 to 200 ng/mL. The applicability of the method to single-dose pharmacokinetics is illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring adherence to antiretroviral medications in clinical trials.

Antiretroviral medications have the potential to transform HIV infection from a fatal to a chronic disease. One of the significant barriers to clinical success is medication nonadherence. Measuring adherence in clinical trials is increasingly important because inadequate adherence may explain some of the variation in clinical response in antiretroviral clinical trials. Additionally, to quantitate the success of interventions that improve adherence, accurate measures need to be utilized. This article summarizes commonly used adherence measures in HIV clinical trials and observational studies such as patient self-report, pill counts, plasma levels, and electronic monitoring. The merits and shortcomings of each measure are discussed.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing health care costs using claims adjudication software.

An important area for reduction in health care costs is incorrect coding of physician services. Current software systems provide high-volume, consistent claims review with substantial savings for payers. The third generation of such systems offers comprehensive coverage across clinical disciplines, across individual claims, and across an entire history of claims. It is likely that these systems will be useful to both nontraditional payers, such as physician groups and hospital-based networks, and traditional payers seeking to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness.

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selecting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: pharmacologic and clinical considerations.

An increasing number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available to treat a variety of conditions. There exist little comparative data examining efficacy for all NSAIDs for a particular illness. The major factors governing selection of these agents relate to the patient's condition and the drug's characteristics. Once efficacy has been established, selection of an NSAID is then determined by side-effect profile, potential for drug interactions, dosing frequency, and cost. This review presents a listing of commercially available NSAIDs, cost comparisons for average daily doses of NSAIDs, and the conditions and drug characteristics that might influence the choice of an NSAID.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental and clinical research on the effect of senzit on the cerebral blood flow and hemostatic function in cerebral ischemia].

Senzit increased volume velocity of the cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain tissues under normal conditions at the expense of a decrease of the cerebral vessels tone. In transient cerebral ischemia the drug prevents disorders of cerebral circulation and a lowering of oxygen tension in the brain tissue. A prophylactic administration of senzit in carotid arterial occlusion prevents the development of edema and death of animals. Oral senzit produced an increase of blood supply to the brain and hypocoagulation changes in hemostasis system in patients with chronic insufficiency of cerebral circulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of nonachlazine on cerebral circulation].

It has been shown in acute experiments on anesthetized cats that nonachlazine in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg produces a short-term decrease followed by more prolonged elevation of the tone of cerebral vessels, lower extremities and systemic arterial blood pressure. Previous blocking of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors decreases or abolishes the development of the above effects. In a dose of 5 mg/kg nonachlazine produces no rise in the tone of intracranial vessels, but increases local and common cerebral blood flow. An increase in PO2 in the brain cortex correlates well with a rise in the blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism of action of reserpine on the blood circulation and oxygen regimen of the brain].

Resistography was used in experiments on anesthetized cats to show that reserpine produced biphasic (dilatation and constrictor) reactions on the part of the cerebral, extracranial and peripheral vessels. The dilatation reaction occurred immediately after the drug administration, it was intermittent and preserved after the blockade of the adreno- and cholinoreceptors. During electric stimulation of the cervical sympathetic ganglia, reserpine insignificantly reduced constrictor reactions of the vessels and inhibited depressor reactions. After intravenous injection of rausedyl the cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption by the brain tissue decreased.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacological correction of cerebral circulation in experimental acute myocardial ischemia].

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats myocardial ischemia led to a reduction of the total brain circulation because of the increased resistance of brain vessels and lowered perfusion pressure. After administering curantyl, euphylline and nonachlazine myocardial ischemia brought about less pronounced decrease of the total brain circulation largely at the expense of elimination of brain vessels constriction. After administering strophanthine alone or combined with curantyl myocardial ischemia did not lead to any essential alterations in brain blood supply. It is likely that strophanthine and curantyl recover the compensatory mechanisms of the brain vessels lost during acute myocardial ischemia.

Aminophylline↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of actigraphy in the clinical setting: use in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Clinicians rely primarily on subjective behavioral questionnaires in assessing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The new mini-motion logger actigraph, which is a wrist-worn minicomputer, can add an objective element to this assessment and is especially useful in children due to its small size. We applied this technology as an outcome measure in evaluating drug therapy in two children with ADHD who were receiving methylphenidate and pemoline, respectively. We also assessed preliminary findings from an additional 13 children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental and clinical studies of the action of verapamil (finoptin) on the cerebral circulation in transient cerebral ischemia].

The experiments on unanesthetized rats have established that the intravenous injection of verapamil in a dose of 0.6 mg/kg during 30-minute carotid occlusion with subsequent recirculation prevents postischemic hypoperfusion, normalized oxidative processes and prevents brain tissue edema. In patients with transient cerebral circulatory disorders, a single injection of verapamil in a dose of 10 mg enhances the pulse filling of cerebral vessels. During a course therapy, the drug decreases minor and middle vessel tone, increases the REG amplitude, lowers the interhemispheric asymmetric blood filling rate, and enhances the functional resistance of cerebral vessels.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of foridon on the cerebral circulation in non-narcotized animals].

In chronic experiments in rabbits, foridone, 0.3 mg/kg, i.v., caused a significant increase in overall and local cerebral circulation and pO2 in various brain regions. In conscious rats, foridone given in the same dose under 30-min carotid occlusion resulted in a less profound decrease in brain blood supply to the baseline level during recirculation and prevented disturbances in oxidative processes in brain tissue and development of brain edema.

Animals↗