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Biomedical subjects

L G Keith

Publications and source records attributed to L G Keith.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Problems in the culture diagnosis of gonorrhea.

Numerous problems affect the culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A screening culture for gonorrhea detects only 65-85% of infected women. The yield of those cultures is improved by careful sampling and the use of a second specimen. Several selective media enhance the growth and isolation of Neisseria, but 3% of the strains are inhibited by those media. Sixteen percent fewer infections are detected when long-term transport of gonorrhea culture specimens is used instead of on-site bacteriologic testing.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1983

Other milestones.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1975

Effect of maternal heroin addiction on 67 liveborn neonates. Withdrawal symptoms, small body size, and small head circumference were frequent findings.

It is apparent that maternal addiction affects the fetus and causes serious problems in the neonatal period. Whether intrauterine exposure to heroin has far-reaching, long-term residual effects remains to be determined. We believe that prospective studies are indicated in order to evaluate the incidence of small head circumference, the pattern of intrauterine growth retardation, and the correlation of these findings with later neurologic and behavioral development.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The vanishing twin: a review.

This article reviews the scientific literature discussing the vanishing twin phenomenon. Information pertaining to frequency, aetiology, and potential complications, as well as the impact of sonographic technology on our growing understanding of the events in early multiple pregnancy is provided.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple gestation: reflections on epidemiology, causes, and consequences.

Multiple births (of all orders) increased in epidemic proportions in the years 1971-1997. Twins increased 53%, 32%, 31%, and 83% in white, Afro-American, Native American and Mexican American women, respectively. Triplet, quadruplet, and quintuplet+ births increased >400%, >1,100%, and >500%, respectively, in the same years. The principal causes of these changes are related to the increasing age of the maternal cohort and an increasing incidence of fertility-inhibiting diseases and conditions in association with advancing maternal age. Major immediate consequences of these changes include disproportionately large numbers of infants born at <33 weeks' gestation (1.7% for singletons vs. 41.2% for triplets) and at <1,500 g birth weight (1.1% for singletons vs. 31.9% for triplets). Additional short-term consequences include an almost 2,000% increase in infant deaths (per 1,000 live births) among triplets compared with singletons (190.4 vs. 11.2). Long-term risks include a 300% increase in the relative risk of handicap in triplets compared with singletons (2.9 vs. 1.0), and a 650% increase in the rate of cerebral palsy per 1,000 live births in triplets compared with singletons (26.6 vs. 1.6). Peripartum costs relate to prematurity rather than plurality, as do lifetime survivorship costs, which relate to morbidities and subsequent health-related problems.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaginal infection: prophylaxis and perinatal outcome--a review of the literature.

Vaginal discharge is the symptom that most often prompts a woman to consult a physician in order to determine the presence of an infection. However, much vaginal infection, particularly bacterial vaginosis, is nearly asymptomatic. In all cases, diagnosis is based on evaluation of the vaginal ecosystem and demonstration of the presence of the suspected microorganism. Besides bacteria, fungi (Candida) and protozoans (Trichomonas) are very common pathogens and produce characteristic findings. When present during pregnancy, these infections have been linked to low birth weight and obstetric disorders. There is a great need for a full understanding of the connection between what appears to be "normal" discharge in pregnancy and important adverse perinatal outcomes.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythm chaos: a new breast cancer marker.

The most disappointing aspect of breast cancer treatment as a public health issue has been the failure of screening to improve mortality figures. Since treatment of late-stage cancer has indeed advanced, mortality can only be decreased by improving the rate of early diagnosis. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, it was expected that thermography would hold the key to breast cancer detection, as surface temperature increases overlying malignant tumors had been demonstrated by thermographic imaging. Unfortunately, detection of the 1-3 degrees C thermal differences failed to bear out its promise in early identification of cancer. In the intervening two-and-a-half decades, three new factors have emerged: it is now apparent that breast cancer has a lengthy genesis; a long-established tumor-even one of a certain minimum size-induces increased arterial/capillary vascularity in its vicinity; and thermal variations that characterize tissue metabolism are circadian ("about 24 hours") in periodicity. This paper reviews the evidence for a connection between disturbances of circadian rhythms and breast cancer. Furthermore, a scheme is proposed in which circadian rhythm "chaos" is taken as a signal of high risk for breast cancer even in the absence of mammographic evidence of neoplasm or a palpable tumor. Recent studies along this line suggest that an abnormal thermal sign, in the light of our present knowledge of breast cancer, is ten times as important an indication as is family history data.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A critical assessment of generic substitution for the obstetrician-gynecologist.

In the past decade, generic drugs have increased in market share severalfold. There are drugs used in obstetrics/gynecology that are of concern with regard to generic substitution, because they are believed to be well tested and essentially not dangerous. The present review is mainly of the use of generics in oral contraception and assisted reproduction. It seeks to answer the question, whether cost advantages, great or slight, offered by the generics are well worth the attendant need for increased vigilance by clinicians and, possibly, taking care of increased side effects or even mishaps resulting from lack of effectiveness (or excessive "effectiveness"). The discussion is based on the concepts of bioavailability and therapeutic equivalence.

Biological Availability↗