Striation of the renal pelvis in children.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
L Forsberg
Publications and source records attributed to L Forsberg.
[Public discussion on water fluoridation is lacking].
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Fluoridation↗
Polycystic renal disease presenting as medullary sponge kidney.
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Humans↗
The effect of laxatives and enemas on the sonographic visibility of the pancreas.
Thirty-six patients were evaluated concerning the visibility of the pancreas under different conditions. One group (12 patients) was prepared with fasting for 4 hours, the second group (12 patients) was additionally given laxatives for one day prior to the examination together with a small enema (preparation for IVP). The third group (12 patients) received laxative treatment for 2 days (preparation for barium enema) but was otherwise treated in the same fashion as group 2. The study did not reveal any difference in visibility between the three groups thus indicating that routine preparation with 4 hours fasting alone can still be recommended when examining the upper part of the abdomen (except the gallbladder) with ultrasound.
Cathartics↗
Urinary excretion of the carboxy terminal domain of type IV collagen is associated with kidney size and function in IDDM.
We evaluated whether urinary excretion of the carboxy terminal domain (NC1) of Type IV collagen is associated with glomerular filtration rate and kidney size in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Urinary excretion rate of NC1, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and kidney size were measured in 16 men with Type I diabetes. Their mean age was 33.3 +/- 6.1 years with a duration of diabetes of 14.9 +/- 3.7 years (mean +/- SD). The urinary excretion rate of NC1 was higher in the diabetic patients than in 18 healthy control subjects. Urinary excretion of NC1 was associated with both kidney size, parenchymal width, and GFR (r = 0.73, p = 0.001; r = 0.63, p = 0.009; r = 0.53, p = 0.04, respectively). The exact relationship between these factors and basement membrane turnover/synthesis remains to be elucidated.
Adult↗
Brief interventions for risk consumption of alcohol at an emergency surgical ward.
Patients admitted to an emergency surgical ward were screened for alcohol problems and randomized between an extensive alcohol counseling and a brief assessment followed by feedback of risky alcohol consumption. Some 165 patients were assessed for risk consumption and followed up 6 to 12 months, and it was found that patients in both interventions significantly reduced the amount they drank per occasion although they drank as often as before. The patients had also moved to a stage more ready to change. No differences in effect were found between the interventions. A brief assessment with feedback about risk consumption can be done on an emergency surgical ward by the surgical staff with a few hours of training and may reduce risky alcohol consumption significantly.
Adult↗
The effect of arthrocentesis in transient synovitis of the hip in the child: a longitudinal sonographic study.
Twenty-one children with transient synovitis of the hip were treated in two consecutive groups. In 12 patients aspiration of the synovial effusion was performed within 24 h of admission. In a second group of nine patients no aspiration was performed. There was no other difference in treatment. Joint effusion was studied sonographically in comparison with the nonsymptomatic contralateral hip. Sonography was performed immediately after admission, within 12 h after aspiration, and repeatedly during a follow-up period of up to 15 days. Following aspiration the capsular distention decreased to 49% but recurred within 24 h to 72% of the preoperative value. However, during the first 4 days of follow-up the capsular distention in the aspirated cases was significantly and permanently lower than in the nonaspirated cases. We conclude that arthrocentesis in the acute stage of transient synovitis of the hip in the child permanently reduces the intracapsular effusion.
Child↗
Kidney size in children assessed by ultrasonography and urography.
The accuracy of ultrasonographic evaluation of kidney size using the parameter of kidney length was compared with radiographic kidney length assessment by urography. The examination was performed in 102 children 0 to 14 years old in which 427 length comparisons for the right and left kidney were made. Approximately 85 per cent of all differences noted were within a variation interval of 0 to 1.0 cm which was considered to be a good accuracy and consistent with results previously reported. Ultrasonography was therefore regarded as a reliable and suitable alternative to urography in periodic controls of kidney size and growth in children.
Adolescent↗
Acceleration ratio measurements with ultrasound Doppler in patients with occlusive arterial disease. A prospective investigation.
A prospective investigation was performed concerning the clinical value of Doppler examination with a flow velocity profile analysis using the quotient (AR) between the acceleration of velocity in a supposed diseased artery as compared with the acceleration of flow velocity in a healthy artery. Seventy-nine patients with peripheral arterial disease were followed at least one year after angiography which was performed as a preoperative examination. Comparing AR with angiography and blood pressure measurements it was found that AR values were affected favourably by development of good collaterals. AR less than or equal to 0.25 (Doppler frequency 5 MHz) in the best artery of the foot was found in all patients where amputation had to be performed, and in 36 of 44 legs treated with vascular reconstruction.
Adult↗
Accuracy of ultrasonography compared with urography in detection of intrarenal dilatation in children.
Ultrasonography for detection of postoperative intrarenal dilatation following surgical intervention for vesicoureteral reflux was investigated in 102 children (0-14 years, mean age 4 years and 9 months) over a period of 5 years and was compared with urography. Ultrasonography had a high accuracy for demonstration of even slight intrarenal dilatation caused by postrenal obstruction, while slight and moderate non-obstructive dilatation often was overlooked. The results support the application of sonography for repeated controls of postrenal obstructive dilatation in children with a known medical record in order to diminish their exposure to radiation. The high accuracy does not apply to single sonograms in examination of possible obstruction of unknown origin where some alternative method should be added.
Adolescent↗
Ultrasonography of the undescended testis.
Sixty prospective sonographic preoperative examinations were performed on 57 boys, 3 to 12 years of age (mean 6 2/3), in order to investigate the accuracy of the method for localizing undescended or non-palpable testes in the anteperitoneal region, i.e. the inguinal canal. Sonographic results agreed with the findings at surgical exploration in 53 (88%) of the 60 examinations performed which was regarded as a satisfactory result. The method is convenient and valuable for the planning of surgery. Sonograms of patients earlier operated upon were difficult to interpret and accounted for some misinterpretations as did examinations in some patients with divergent anatomy.
Child↗
Accuracy of repeated kidney size estimation by ultrasonography and urography in children.
The accuracy of repeated sonographic and urographic kidney length measurements in kidney size evaluation was investigated in 80 children 0 to 14 years of age, mean age 4.5 years. At sonography 250 kidney lengths were compared. A difference of 0 to 1.0 cm in repeated length measurement was considered to be good accuracy and 94 per cent of right and 96 per cent of left kidney lengths were found within this interval--a better result than for urography with 76 per cent of repeated right kidney and 79 per cent of kidney lengths within the same interval (94 lengths). Both methods display a variation of kidney length which may lead to under- and overestimation of kidney size and growth. The investigation thus indicates good accuracy for repeated sonographic kidney size assessment which should be repeated often enough to establish a growth chart displaying the trend rather than rely too much on single measurements. Sonography can be highly recommended as a convenient and harmless alternative to urography.
Adolescent↗
Incidental findings of gastrointestinal tumours at abdominal ultrasound examinations.
A retrospective review was performed of 11 patients referred to ultrasound examination because of abdominal pain and/or a palpable abdominal tumour, which eventually was proven to be gastrointestinal malignancy. Primary gastric carcinoma was present in 4 cases, carcinoma of the small bowel in one case, and of the large bowel in 6 cases. All the patients were examined with conventional ultrasound technique using a 3.5 MHz and a 5.0 MHz transducer. In all the cases bowel wall thickness exceeded 10 mm. A correct organ localization and primary diagnosis of tumour was made in 6 cases, of which only 2 had a palpable abdominal mass. In the remaining cases a bowel tumour was revealed in 3 but the site was incorrectly defined. Reviewing the documentations made at ultrasonography in these cases the tumour origin corresponded well with radiologic and surgical findings. In 2 patients an abscess was diagnosed which later proved to be due to a large bowel carcinoma. Ultrasound examination of patients with uncharacteristic abdominal complaints can spare the patient unnecessary examinations when the findings are pointing at a tumour in the gastrointestinal tract, save time and therefore is of economical importance.
Abdomen↗
Ultrasound examination of skin thickness in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
A new ultrasound technique for measuring skin thickness in 40 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and in 10 healthy control subjects has been evaluated. High frequency (10 MHz) dynamic ultrasound examination was performed at the proximal and middle phalanges of both second fingers. Measurements of the control subjects on two separate occasions demonstrated a good reproducibility of the technique with a standard deviation of 0.06 mm. The skin was thicker in patients with scleroderma 3.3 +/- 0.7 mm (mean +/- SD) compared with control subjects 2.5 +/- 0.2 mm (p less than 0.001). No relation between skin thickness and duration of disease was observed. This method can be used to monitor changes in skin thickness over time.
Adult↗
Computed tomography in early stages of testicular carcinoma. Size of normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lymph nodes in patients with metastases in stage II A. A SWENOTECA study: Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project.
From the SWENOTECA Project, the CT findings in 156 patients treated by bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were reviewed. Of these, 112 were in stage I (no metastases) and 44 in stage II A (metastases in normal-sized lymph nodes and in nodes with a maximum diameter in the transverse plane of less than or equal to 20 mm). The normal size of lymph nodes in young Scandinavian men was found to be less than 10 mm X 8 mm above the bifurcation, except in the area below the left renal vein to the left of the aortic midline where the normal size was found to be maximally 14 mm X 10 mm. The addition of a lymphangiographic contrast medium did not change the size of the lymph nodes significantly above the bifurcation, while changes of importance were noticed in the pelvic area. Normal size without contrast medium was found to be at the most 15 mm X 10 mm and after addition of contrast medium to the nodes 28 mm X 12 mm. The results of the CT findings in the stage II A group were not impressive but changed somewhat for the better using the new limits concerning size of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The impact of using different limits is discussed and it is concluded that metastases in normal-sized or almost normal-sized lymph nodes will continue to be a diagnostic problem, at least when using CT.
Adult↗
Ultrasonographic investigation of respiratory influence on diameters of portal vessels in normal subjects.
In order to improve the basis for ultrasonographic studies of portal hypertension the normal diameters and respiratory variations in the portal vessels were measured in sixty-seven volunteers. In healthy subjects, measurements were made on the portal vein and its major tributaries. The respiratory variations were most prominent in the splenic vein, somewhat less in the superior mesenteric vein and least in the portal vein. There were no significant correlations to weight, age or height. The hypothesis that examinations performed after food intake would give more prominent respiratory variations had to be rejected but showed that the portal vein should be examined under defined conditions regarding alimentary status. The diameters alone of the portal vessels can probably not be used reliably as an indicator of portal hypertension while a respiratory variation of less than 30 per cent in the splenic vein should be considered pathologic and lead to further investigations.
Adult↗
Staging in local endometrial carcinoma. Assessment of magnetic resonance and ultrasound examinations.
Possible deep (more than an inner third of the uterine wall) myometrial invasion and cervical extension of endometrial carcinoma were evaluated prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR) and transabdominal real-time sonography (US) in 20 and 10 patients, respectively. The data obtained from these examinations were compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and clinical modalities including hysteroscopy, sounding and histopathologic findings after surgery. The concordance of outlining cervical extension was between MR and hysteroscopy 85 per cent, and between US and hysteroscopy 50 per cent. Deep myometrial tumor invasion was suggested in 4/10 patients by US and in 6/20 by MR, and was confirmed in all but one in each group at histologic examination of the resected uterus. There were no false negative US or MR examinations. Transabdominal US did not prove accurate in defining local endometrial carcinoma (distinguishing between stages I and II), but it may be used as an additional tool in revealing myometrial invasion. MR, however, seems to refine the delineation of uterine tumor growth.
Adult↗
Gallstones in bili-digestive shunts diagnosed by ultrasound. An unusual cause of obstruction.
In 4 patients treated surgically with a bili-digestive shunt, 2 because of pancreatic carcinoma and 2 because of chronic pancreatitis with cellular atypias, stones (with acoustic shadow) or sludge formation in the common bile duct were observed at postoperative ultrasonography (US) and confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Clinical signs were abnormal liver function tests occasionally combined with relapsing attacks of cholangitis. All entero-anastomoses were narrow; surgical revision was done in 2 of the patients while 2 were percutaneously dilated. Except for the stones and detritus masses, the 'typical' US findings were absence of gas echoes in the periportal structures, normal width of bile ducts, or only a slight dilatation. US seems to be the method of choice for postoperative follow-up.
Aged↗