Biomedical subjects
L Enjalbert
Publications and source records attributed to L Enjalbert.
Preliminary results of Cytos 2 experiment.
Cytos 2 experiment, carried out during the French-Soviet manned flight (July 1982), has studied the antibiotics sensitivity of bacteria cultivated in vitro during the orbital flight. The results show an increase of the antibiotics resistance and a larger thickness of the cellular envelope for the inflight cells. The increase of antibiotics resistance can be related to a stimulating effect of space on the cell growth rate or to changes of the cellular envelope structure.
A simple method for the evaluation of antiseptic and disinfectant virucidal activity.
A simple method for evaluating the virucidal activity of water-soluble antiseptic and disinfectant products using poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain) is described. Using a commercial concentrator, kinetic studies of four products were carried out. It was shown that 2% glutaraldehyde and 5% povidone iodine are rapidly virucidal. 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 2.5% noxythiolin (37 degrees C) are considerably less effective. 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate has no virucidal activity.
[Comparison of 2 antiseptic soaps used for preoperative showers].
This study was carried out in cardiovascular surgery wards and a single operating room. Two different antiseptic scrubs, A and B, were used for two showers given 48 and 24 hours respectively prior to surgery. A scrub (chlorhexidine digluconate 40 mg/ml) was used in 61 patients and B scrub (benzalkonium chloride 5 mg/ml) in 52, for a total of 113 participants. Clinical and bacteriological evaluations show statistically significant superiority of A scrub.
[In vitro virucidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. III. Dilution-ultrafiltration-reconcentration technic].
The method for in vitro investigation of virucidal activity of antiseptics (ATS) of disinfectants (DSF) using dilution-ultrafiltration-reconcentration includes two phases following contact of the virus with ATS or DSF: termination of antiviral activity by sudden cold dilution, and one or more filtrations on an immersible molecule separator designed to bring the tested agent's concentration below the cytotoxic level and to reconcentrate the treated viral suspension. Advantages of this technique are the following: precision of time of contact between virus and ATS or DSF, reconcentration of the viral suspension which partly offsets the termination dilution, relative simplicity, and study of true virucidal activity. Drawbacks are: inappropriateness for some agents such as povidone-iodine, and, in some instances, unreliability of immersible separators. Apart for those obtained with povidone-iodine, results are comparable to those yielded by simple dilution or gel filtration, particularly for glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine and noxythiolin.
Pigeons and legionellosis: no serological evidence of natural infection.
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Malignant external otitis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration impairment. Improvement with ascorbic acid.
Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a rare disease due to a Pseudomonas infection of the external ear occurring in an elderly patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Its high mortality raises the question of an alteration of the defense mechanisms of the body. A 58-year-old man was affected with MEO, and after several months of unsuccessful treatment, a study of the function of his polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) revealed a defect of the migration capability. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was proved in vitro to be able to improve the results of the migration test. The patient was treated for one month with ascorbic acid and, parallel to the normalization of the chemotaxis test results, the ear lesions healed. The mechanism of such an alteration of the PMN function, implying several factors (the active infection, old age, and diabetes mellitus), is still unclear. Nevertheless, it is certainly important to test the PMN function in patients with MEO and treat them with immunomodulators.
[Haemagglutinins and adhesins of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine: inhibitory effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline. Preliminary results ].
The present work concerned the study of the sub-minimal inhibitory doses of tetracyclin, doxycyclin and minocyclin on both hemagglutinating activity and adhesion capacity demonstrated in three E. coli strains isolated from urine. Two different types of hemagglutinins, mannose-resistant (HAMR) and mannose-sensitive (HAMS), were associated in two strains; HAMR was present in the third strain. Adhesion capacity was detected, in vitro, with uroepithelial cells spontaneously eliminated in urine. Whatever the antibiotic used, HAMR titers clearly decreased. In contrast, the effect of these antibiotics on the HAMS titers was inconstant, according to the bacterial strain or the antibiotic used. Adhesion capacity was inhibited particularly in the presence of tetracyclin and doxycyclin. Minocyclin was not a very good inhibitor molecule. The analysis of coefficient of correlation showed that the ability of adhering to uroepithelial cells was related to the HA titers. But it is impossible to say if the same bacterial structure migt be considered as mediator for both HA and adhesion capacity.
[Clinical and bacteriological appreciation of antibioprophylaxy in colorectal surgery].
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[Prophylactic antibiotherapy in heart surgery. A comparative study of two protocols covering 100 patients over eight months (author's transl)].
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[Antiseptics and disinfectants. III. Acids, alcohols and aldehydes].
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Pre-operative colonic preparation using kanamycin and metronidazole: qualitative and quantitative effects on the bacterial flora of the intestine.
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[Epstein-Barr virus infections in pregnancy. The serological profile of active infections in pregnant women. Their possible relationship with perinatal mortality (author's transl)].
A significant number of cases of deaths and of perinatal misfortunes are still of unknown origin. The role of pathological infection is probably important in these cases and particularly those in the Torch group of viruses, and among these, as has been shown by epidemiological and virological tests, the Epstein-Barr virus (E.B.V.). The authors have undertaken a prospective study based on serology, looking for E.B.V. antibodies in pregnancy. 1,164 women were studied and 74 of these had perinatal abnormalities. There is a significant relationship between active E.B.V. infection and mishaps in pregnancy.
[The cardiac pacemaker and melitococcus].
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[T4 bacteriophage irradiation in a 1 million volt microscopemprelimnary results].
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[Letter: Rubella reinfection and teratogenic risk].
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[Story of a short episode of infection in a cardiovascular surgery unit].
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