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Biomedical subjects

L Ekelund

Publications and source records attributed to L Ekelund.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical characteristics of patients in studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD).

The Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials were designed to evaluate the effects of enalapril on long-term mortality in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Patients with LV ejection fractions less than or equal to 0.35 and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) were enrolled in the treatment trial, whereas those with no history of overt CHF and taking no treatment directed for LV dysfunction were enrolled in the prevention trial. The baseline clinical characteristics of SOLVD patients were compared to characterize differences between patients in these 2 separate but concurrent trials. From over 70,000 patients screened with LV dysfunction, 4,228 patients were enrolled in the prevention trial and 2,569 patients in the treatment trial. Ischemic heart disease was the primary cause of LV dysfunction in both prevention (83%) and treatment (71%) trial patients. Prior myocardial infarction was present in 80% of the prevention and 66% of the treatment trial patients (p less than 0.001). In the prevention trial, infarction was recent (less than or equal to 6 months) in 27% patients and remote (greater than 6 months) in 57% patients. Treatment trial patients had proportionately more women (20 vs 13%; p less than 0.001) and non-Caucasians (20 vs 14%; p less than 0.001), as well as the coexisting risk factors of hypertension (42 vs 37%; p less than 0.001) and diabetes (26 vs 15%; p less than 0.001) than did prevention trial patients. Clinical characteristics of patients in both trials were influenced by the gender and race of enrolled patients. Similarly, coronary artery bypass surgery was performed less often in women and non-Caucasians.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Ultra low field MR imaging of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

In a study of 30 patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis the diagnostic usefulness of ultra low field MR equipment was analyzed in assessing lesions of the craniocervical junction. It was found that at 0.04 T all the examinations were diagnostic and that in combination with plain radiography the diagnostic information obtained was valuable in further planning of the treatment strategies. The neurologic findings were related to the degree and severity of atlantoaxial luxation, either horizontal or vertical, and to the periodontoid pannus formation. The correlation between the degree of cord compression shown with MR imaging and the clinical symptoms, especially long tract symptoms, was poor. The only correlating factor was the duration of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of micromotion in cemented vs uncemented knee arthroplasty in osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Randomized study using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis.

Twenty-four patients (25 knees) with osteoarthrosis (OA) and 19 patients (20 knees) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were operated with bi-tricompartmental knee arthroplasty. The patients were randomized to cemented or cementless fixation of the tibial component. The fixation of the tibial components was examined with roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) up to 24 months after operation. The following parameters representing tibial component micromotion were measured: (1) maximum migration of the prosthetic edge (maximum total point motion, MTPM); (2) distal migration of the prosthetic center (subsidence); (3) maximum proximal movements of the prosthetic edge ("lift-off"); and (4) prosthetic rotations, corresponding to internal/external rotation, adduction/abduction, and forward/backward tilt of the tibial component. All prostheses displayed significant micromotions, which tended to decrease 3-6 months after the operation. The average migration after 2 years, when measured as maximum single axis rotation, and MTPM were about 0.9 degrees-1.5 degrees and 1.0-1.5 mm, respectively, in all four groups. There were no statistically significant differences between cemented and cementless prostheses in either the OA or the RA group. The fixation in the RA patients did not significantly differ from that of the OA patients, perhaps because the RA patients had lower weight and were living a more sedentary life.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Radioimmunoscintigraphy of gynecologic tumors with 131I-labeled anti-PLAP monoclonal antibodies.

Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) was performed in 20 patients with gynecologic tumors, 14 ovarian, 5 cervical, and one endometrial carcinoma. One murine monoclonal antibody (mab) against placental alkaline phosphatase (H7) was used after radiolabeling with 131I. The labeling procedure yielded antibodies with specific activity varying between 60 and 73 MBq/mg mab. Each patient received 57 to 100 MBq of the preparation. RIS was performed 7 to 35 days later. Patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma had an accumulation of activity on RIS at tumor sites (79%, 11/14) verified by ultrasonography, CT, and clinical examination. A low or absent accumulation of activity was seen in patients with cervical tumors. The patient with an endometrial adenocarcinoma was seen to have an activity accumulation at RIS corresponding to tumor sites determined by ultrasound and/or CT. It is concluded that RIS using monoclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase can provide information which will supplement that gained from other investigations of patients with ovarian adenocarcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Renal vascular changes as reflected by angiography.

Gray-scale ultrasonography and whole-body CT have narrowed the indications for renal angiography. However, as illustrated here, there remain a number of vascular disorders for which angiography still provides the only means of establishing a correct diagnosis. Some of these cases may also be treated by transcatheter embolization in connection with angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Palliative embolization of arterial renal tumour supply. Results in 10 cases.

Palliative occlusion of the arterial renal tumour supply was performed in 10 patients and the follow up is reported. Nine of the patients had no subsequent nephrectomy. Spongostan (99% gelatin) was used as the embolic material in 4 patients with the addition of steel coils in 2. Bucrylate was used in 6 cases. Six patients are alive with survival rates presently ranging from 3 to 24 months after embolization. Improvement of the survival time cannot be estimated but local symptoms such as hematuria and pain may be treated in those patients with renal tumours who are not considered for surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Angiographic findings in adrenal masses.

The angiographic findings in 34 patients with adrenal lesions were reviewed, including 11 adrenal metastases, 9 adrenal pheochromocytomas, 4 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 4 adrenal cortical adenomas, 3 cases of adrenal hyperplasia and 3 cases of adrenal invasion from carcinoma of the upper pole of the kidney. The results indicate differential diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing among these various entities by angiography.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Transcatheter arterial embolization of experimental hepatic tumours in the rat.

After transcatheter arterial embolization with Spongostan (99.3% gelatin-similar to gelfoam) in a group of rats with experimental hepatic tumours, the angiographic and microscopic findings were compared with those in a group of rats with non-embolized liver tumours. Partial recanalization of the hepatic artery was demonstrated already after 2 to 6 days. Reduced vascularization of tumours could be demonstrated after embolization and in a few animals even decrease in tumour size. Microscopy revealed a significantly greater extent of tumour necrosis in embolized tumours of large size. Necrosis of normal liver tissue was found to a varying degree in the embolized rats, while no ischemic injury was evident in livers of most non-embolized animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Adrenal angiography in Sipple's syndrome.

Adrenal angiography was performed in 8 patients with Sipple's syndrome. Seven patients had pheochromocytomas and one bilateral adrenal medullary hyperplasia. In 4 cases the pheochromocytomas were bilateral. The angiographic findings are discussed and it is concluded that no typical angiographic appearance of pheochromocytoma appears to exist.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound, angiography and fine needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of renal neoplasms.

The diagnostic approach to a renal mass including ultrasound, angiography and fine needle aspiration biopsy is reviewed on the basis of 23 cases. The value of the combination of these methods is emphasized especially in tumors which appear without echoes at ultrasround and avascular-hypovascular at angiography. The findings are correlated and some differential diagnostic problems discussed as well as the possible risk of spreading tumor cells at fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Pseudotumor of the renal pelvis caused by renal artery aneusysm.

Urographic abnormalities caused by renal artery aneurysms are discussed on the basis of seven cases. Angiography is the diagnostic procedure of choice to make the correct diagnosis. In cases of completely thrombosed aneurysms angiography may only demonstrate an avascular mass with displacement of vessels. At ultrasound examination renal artery aneurysms should be included in the differential diagnosis of echo-free renal masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Percutaneous production of renal artery lesions. Experiments in the pig.

Percutaneous, intraarterial traumatization of both renal arteries in 4 pigs using the stiff end of a guide-wire resulted in intimal lesions in 7 arteries. At repeat angiography healing was demonstrated in 4 of these arteries, suggesting that spontaneous restitution may be more common than usually believed. Balloon catheter dilatation of 2 stenotic segments initially increased the diameter of the stenoses but at repeat angiography both arteries were found to be occluded. Over-distension of the balloon in the renal artery resulted in pseudoaneurysm in one case and rupture in the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bilateral concurrent renal neoplasms: report of eleven cases.

Eleven patients with concurrent bilateral renal neoplasms are presented, including one case with dissimilar tumor histogenesis. In four cases urography showed only unilateral expansive lesions. The importance of high-dose nephrotomography and bilateral selective renal angiography is stressed. Literature review revealed 57 patients with concurrent bilateral renal cell carcinoma, indicating that this entity may be more frequent than previously believed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Rehabilitation after hip fracture in the elderly.

Sixty-eight patients with hip fracture, mean age 79 years, from the city of Lund, were studied with special reference to functional and social rehabilitation at follow-up 1 year later. As compared with patients coming from institutions for permanent care, patients coming from their own homes had a significantly better prognosis in terms of survival, mobility and ability to cope with activities of daily living (ADL). However, patients returning home needed increased domestic help. Patients living with someone returned home sooner than those living alone. Although many of the patients who returned home could walk without support or with a walking-stick, more than one half did not go out shopping. More active measures, e.g. early home visits by a rehabilitation team, might give the patients more self-confidence and independence. Immediate weight-bearing did not appear to impair healing of the hip fracture or increase the risk of necrosis of the femoral head.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

The epinephrine effect in renal angiography revisited.

The effect of various doses of epinephrine on the renal vessels was studied angiographically in 15 kidneys including three renal tumours. Commonly used doses (10--25 microgram) are often too high as demonstrated in this study. Our findings indicate that the optimal dose for pharmacoangiography of renal masses should be 2--5 microgram of epinephrine. The time interval between drug administration and angiography should be less than 1 min and optimally in the range of 10--30s.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hypovascular renal tumors: an aggressive diagnostic approach required.

The value of a fine needle aspiration biopsy for confirmation of malignancy is demonstrated in 3 cases of angiographically hypovascular renal tumors. In 2 cases ultrasound examination suggested solid lesions but in 1 case it was predominantly sonolucent. Reliable documentation in the literature indicates that the risk of spreading tumor cells and, hence, of decreasing the survival rate is negligible.

Angiography↗