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Biomedical subjects

L Davis

Publications and source records attributed to L Davis.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ability of caregivers to read delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in children exposed to and infected by HIV. The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV Study Group.

OBJECTIVES: To identify whether nonmedical home caregivers (parents, guardians) could accurately interpret the results of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in children, thereby obviating the need for a return visit for a professional reading. METHODS: Patients who were enrolled in the Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of HIV (P2C2HIV) study were given annual skin tests to tuberculin purified protein derivative, Candida, and tetanus as part of the study protocol. Caregivers were instructed verbally about how to read and measure erythema and induration. They were given written instructions to take home as well and were asked to return in 48 to 72 hours for the professional reading. On the morning of their return visit, they were to read the skin tests and record the results before coming to the clinic. RESULTS: When compared with readings by professional staff, caregivers had a high percentage of false-negative readings for both Candida (24%) and tetanus (41%) skin tests. These false-negative readings did not correlate with age, gender, race, or educational level of the caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: The high percentage of false-negative readings by the caregivers emphasizes the need for professional reading of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT appearance of primary CNS lymphoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Cranial CT studies of 32 patients with biopsy-proven AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma were reviewed retrospectively. A wide variety of different CT appearances were identified. Mass lesions varied in location, size, and number. Most lesions were either iso- or hyperdense and all enhanced with contrast medium. Several different patterns of enhancement were observed. Mass effect and edema were seen in almost all patients. After radiotherapy, most tumors decreased in diameter, became hypodense, and no longer enhanced with contrast medium. Edema and mass effect decreased or resolved in all but one patient. Postradiotherapy CT scans also revealed interval enlargement of the ventricles and cortical sulci. This study demonstrates the wide diversity of CT appearances of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma. The CT findings cannot be used in lieu of biopsy for diagnosis of this disorder. The appearance of postradiotherapy CT scans was consistent with regressing lymphoma.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of resting blood pressure and heart rate to experienced anger and expressed anger.

Forty-five nonmedicated subjects rated on analog scales the anger they experienced at home and at work (Experienced Anger). They also rated the extent to which others were aware of their anger (Expressed Anger) and the extent to which anger had been expressed in their families or origin (Family Expressed Anger). They were then physiologically monitored during a 2-min relaxation period that followed habituation to the laboratory setting. For the group as a whole, Expressed Anger was inversely related to systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure while Family Expressed Anger was inversely related to SBP only. When the sample was divided into normotensive and hypertensive subgroups, the normotensives showed significant associations between Experienced Anger and SBP, Expressed Anger and DBP, and Family Expressed Anger and SBP. The hypertensive subgroup showed no significant associations. Both males and females showed a significant association between Expressed Anger and DBP, but only females showed this relationship with SBP. It is concluded that coping with anger by conscious inhibition of its expression is associated with increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes of first-year medical students toward the confidentiality of computerized patient records.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the attitudes of students entering medical school toward the confidentiality of computerized medical records. DESIGN: First-year medical students at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine responded to a series of questions about a hypothetic breach of patient's privacy through a computerized patient record system. MEASUREMENTS: The individual authors independently grouped the blinded responses according to whether they were consistent with then-current institutional policy. These preliminary groupings were discussed, and final categorizations were made by consensus. RESULTS: While most students had a sense of what was right and wrong in absolute terms, half the class suggested at least one course of action that was deemed to be inconsistent with institutional policies. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that medical schools should directly address ethical and legal issues related to the use of computers in clinical practice as an integral part of medical school curricula. Several teaching approaches can facilitate a greater awareness of the issues surrounding technology and medicine.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic differences in mortality from stroke in North Caroline. 1. Analysis of death certificates.

Analysis of death certification in North Carolina for a three-year period, 1969 through 1971, showed regional differences in mortality rates from stroke in white men, with the highest rates in the Plains (tobacco growing and farming) area and the lowest rates in the Mountain region. These geographic differences in death rates were observed in all but the youngest age decade and also in the various types of stroke, i.e., hemorrhagic and occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. This regional variation in mortality, however, was not present in white women or blacks. The prevalence at death of heart disease, hypertension and diabetes also was higher in the Plains than in the Mountain region, suggesting that the observed geographic variation of stroke mortality is related to one or more of these major risk factors. It is concluded that the geographic differences in stroke mortality, which had been reported during previous decades, are real and are not due to variations in death certification, errors in diagnosis, or other explanations that might artificially produce inaccuracies in vital statistics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An interview with Leon Davis. Interview by Al Nash.

Leon Davis, founder of District 1199, represents the origin of hospital unionization. Known for his devotion to District 1199, Davis was imprisoned several times as a result of his activities as union president. The following interview with the now retired union activist, traces his impact on the union, discusses conflicts between union and management, changes in today's union, plus other first hand insights regarding this issue.

Labor Unions↗
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Young workers.

Until recently, today's occupational safety and health experts have paid little attention to safety and health concerns of working youth. Yet with millions of children and adolescents employed each year, young workers are indeed a special population at risk deserving special attention. Occupational safety and health professionals have critical knowledge and skills to contribute to researching special issues for young workers and promoting safe and healthful work for youth. Unique opportunities for intervention hold the potential for new and rewarding partnerships with, for example, pediatricians and adolescent health specialists, child labor regulators, child injury prevention professionals, maternal and child health professionals, educators, and community leaders. Lessons learned in targeting young workers can have important implications for reaching other special populations that have not been well addressed through conventional approaches to occupational safety and health.

Accidents, Occupational↗
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Exercise and dietary behaviors in African American elders: stages of change in efficacy expectancies.

The purpose of this pilot study was to measure and describe stages of change and efficacy expectancies of African American elders in regard to exercise and dietary behaviors. Elders who had hypertension (N = 37) were recruited from a senior center and a public housing building for the elderly. These elders were found to be in the action and maintenance stages of change. They believed that they were able to perform healthy exercise and dietary behaviors and that these behaviors were effective in relation to their hypertension. Implications of the finding are discussed in regard to exercise and dietary behaviors and health promotion programs for this high-risk population.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does central nervous system toxicity occur in transplant patients with hypocholesterolemia receiving cyclosporine?

A syndrome of severe central nervous system toxicity (confusion, cortical blindness, quadriplegia, seizures, and coma) associated with cyclosporine therapy and a low serum cholesterol level in patients with liver transplants has been described. We present a case history of a patient who demonstrated several similar features after heart-lung transplantation. Possible cyclosporine neurotoxicity should be considered in any patients with hypocholesterolemia receiving this drug.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Who knows best?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilitie↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Down on the farm.

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Adult↗