Biomedical subjects
L Davis
Publications and source records attributed to L Davis.
Bacteriologic Peptone in Relation to the Production of Diphtheria Toxin and Antitoxin.
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Studies on Diphtheria Toxin : II. The Rôle of the Amino Acids in the Metabolism of Bacterium diphtheriae.
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Lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
A 27-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented with a stage IE, diffuse, large cell lymphoma of the right maxillary sinus. A test for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus was positive. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and local maxillary sinus irradiation which resulted in complete regression of the disease. Therapy was complicated by mucositis, neutropenia, and opportunistic infections. This is the first case report to discuss the presentation and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma of the maxillary sinus.
Knowledge and attitude toward nurse-midwifery among women taking childbirth education classes.
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The use of castor oil to stimulate labor in patients with premature rupture of membranes.
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Daily fetal movement counting. A valuable assessment tool.
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Fetal scalp blood sampling.
Fetal scalp blood sampling (FSBS), in conjunction with fetal heart rate monitoring, is a method of fetal surveillance that may avoid cesarean delivery of the healthy fetus or indicate the need for immediate delivery of a compromised fetus. Some researchers have recently begun to question the efficacy of FSBS. In this article, three nurse-midwives discuss FSBS as a tool in assessing fetal well-being during labor and consider whether FSBS is a nurse-midwifery procedure.
Daclizumab induction in liver transplant recipients.
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Preemptive ganciclovir for CMV viremia in liver transplantation.
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Pharmacologic management of cardiovascular problems in women.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Nurse-midwives play a unique role in screening their clients, especially because they will be caring for an increasing number of aging women as the population grows older. Risk assessment, health history, physical examination, and nonpharmacologic management of cardiovascular problems in women are discussed in the March/April 1995 issue of the Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. This article presents an overview of the most common cardiac drugs that nurse-midwives may encounter in treating these women and provides guidelines for referring patients who require medical intervention. Common medications to treat hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hyperlipidemia are detailed; in addition, mechanisms of action, therapeutic indications, dosage, and adverse effects are listed in tables for easy reference.
Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age.
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A community hospital's effort to expedite treatment for patients with chest pain.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine treatment times at a community hospital that does not receive prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission and to determine the effect of time to first hospital ECG on overall door-to-drug time. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: 238-bed Regional Medical Center in Burlington, North Carolina. SAMPLE: One hundred four patients with a final diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were included in this 16-month study. RESULTS: A median door-to-ECG time of 5 minutes was within the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendation of 10 minutes. Shorter treatment times to obtain the first ECG and initiate thrombolytic therapy were associated with younger patients and those arriving by ambulance. CONCLUSIONS: While efficiency in obtaining a first hospital ECG on patients with suspected acute myocardial infarctions was achieved, this did not result in low door-to-drug times. Further streamlining of protocol and the exploration of prehospital initiatives may result in a significant reduction in door-to-drug times.
Coordinating a large multicentered HIV research project.
Coordinating a large multicentered pediatric HIV clinical research study is particularly challenging for nurses. The cohort of patients and their families face multiple stressors, which make recruitment and compliance difficult. Additionally, when many departments within the institution are involved, coordination is often problematic. Ethical issues sometimes arise. Nurses must find ways to adapt what they learn from the study to their nursing practice. The nurse coordinators of the Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV (P2C2HIV) study discuss the unique challenges of such a project and the various strategies for successful completion.
Perceptions of community nutrition and health needs in the Lower Mississippi Delta: a key informant approach.
OBJECTIVE: Key informants' perceptions of nutrition and health needs in their southern rural communities were assessed prior to nutrition intervention planning. DESIGN: This cross-sectional survey used in-person interviews. SUBJECTS/SETTINGS: A sample of 490 individuals from 12 professional and lay roles in 8 community sectors in 36 counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was chosen. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Factor analysis was carried out on reported food, nutrition, and health problems and contributing factors. The General Linear Models procedure identified within- and between-subject effects for factors. Tukey's post hoc tests identified differences between sectors and states. Frequencies and weighted rankings were computed for health problems. RESULTS: Key informants rated individual-level factors (food choices, education, willingness to change, health behavior) as more important than community-level factors (food and health care access, resources) with regard to nutrition and health problems and contributors to problems. The number one health problem was hypertension. IMPLICATIONS: Key informants are knowledgeable about nutrition and health problems, contributing factors, and available resources. Individual factors were perceived as more important contributors to nutrition and health problems providing valuable information for planning nutrition interventions.
Effects of age and lactose tolerance on blood glucose rise with whole cow and lactose-hydrolyzed milk.
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Selective dendritic transport of RNA in hippocampal neurons in culture.
Typical neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) elaborate tens of thousands of membrane specializations at sites of synaptic contacts on their dendrites. To construct, maintain, and modify these specializations, neurons must produce and deliver the appropriate molecular constituents to particular synaptic sites. Previous studies have revealed that polyribosomes are selectively positioned beneath postsynaptic sites, suggesting that in neurons, as in other cell types, protein synthetic machinery is located at or near the sites where particular proteins are needed. The mechanisms that deliver ribosomes and messenger RNA to their specific destinations in cells are therefore of considerable interest. Here we describe a system for RNA transport in dendrites that could provide a mechanism for the delivery of ribosomes and mRNA to synaptic sites in dendrites. Hippocampal neurons grown in culture incorporate 3H-uridine in the nucleus, then selectively transport the newly synthesized RNA into dendrites at a rate of about 0.5 mm day-1. The transport is inhibited by metabolic poisons, suggesting that it is an active, energy-dependent process. The RNA may be transported in association with the cytoskeleton.
Alterations in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 catalytic activity and mRNA expression in prostate carcinoma.
Recent studies in prostate tissues and especially cell lines have suggested roles for arachidonic acid (AA) metabolizing enzymes in prostate adenocarcinoma (Pca) development or progression. The goal of this study was to more fully characterize lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and AA metabolism in benign and malignant prostate using snap-frozen tissues obtained intraoperatively and mRNA analyses and enzyme assays. Formation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) was detected in 23/29 benign samples and 15-LOX-2 mRNA was detected in 21/25 benign samples. In pairs of pure benign and Pca from the same patients, 15-HETE production and 15-LOX-2 mRNA were reduced in Pca versus benign in 9/14 (P=.04) and 14/17 (P=.002), respectively. Under the same conditions, neither 5-HETE nor 12-HETE formation was detectable in 29 benign and 24 tumor samples; with a more sensitive assay, traces were detected in some samples, but there was no clear association with tumor tissue. COX-2 mRNA was detected by nuclease protection assay in 7/16 benign samples and 5/16 tumors. In benign and tumor pairs from 10 patients, COX-2 was higher in tumor versus benign in only 2, with similar results by in situ hybridization. Paraffin immunoperoxidase for COX-2 was performed in whole mount sections from 87 additional radical prostatectomy specimens, with strong expression in ejaculatory duct as a positive control and corroboration with in situ hybridization. No immunostaining was detected in benign prostate or tumor in 45% of cases. Greater immunostaining in tumor versus benign was present in only 17% of cases, and correlated with high tumor grade (Gleason score 8 and 9 vs. 5 to 7). In conclusion, reduced 15-LOX-2 expression and 15-HETE formation is the most characteristic alteration of AA metabolism in Pca. Increased 12-HETE and 5-HETE formation in Pca were not discernible. Increased COX-2 expression is not a typical abnormality in Pca in general, but occurs in high-grade tumors.