Biomedical subjects

L Chyczewski

Publications and source records attributed to L Chyczewski.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Evaluation of CYFRA 21-1 as a new marker for non-small cell lung cancer.

The levels of the new tumour marker CYFRA 21-1 were assessed in 115 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and in 45 patients with non-malignant lung disease. Increased levels of CYFRA 21-1 were observed in 47.8%, mostly in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 69.1%). Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were correlated with the stage of SCC type. Positive CYFRA 21-1 levels in patients with SCC were present in 40% of stage I, 61.1% of stage II, and 85.2% of stage III. In addition, SCC patients who presented mediastinal lymph nodes (N2) demonstrated higher serum CYFRA 21-1 levels, compared with patients without mediastinal lymph nodes metastases (N0 or N1). With regard to tumour size, significant difference was observed between T1, T2 and T3. The study also showed that the percentage of patients who survived 18 months with normal preoperative level of CYFRA 21-1 was higher compared with those patients with elevated preoperative levels of this marker, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

[Cyfra 21-1 new marker for non-small cell lung cancer].

The aim of the study is to estimate the new tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and comparison of this results with SCC-Ag. The investigation was carried out on 115 NSCLC patients (55 with squamous cell, 35 with adenocarcinoma, 25 with large cell) qualified for surgical treatment and in 48 nonmalignant lung diseases patients. CYFRA 21-1 was determined by the means of IRMA method (CIS bio international--GIF-SUR-Yvette, France) and SCC-Ag--MEIA method (IMx system Abbott). Elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1 were obtained in 48.7% and SCC-Ag in 39.1%. Elevated levels of examined markers most frequently occurred in squamous cell type (SCC). It was found out that CYFRA 21-1 dependent on: a) SCC stage (I-40%, II-61.1%, III-85.2%), b) tumor size (T1-38.4%, T2-73.1%, T3-87.5%), c) mediastinal lymph nodes metastases (No and N1-53.8% and N2-86.9%). Similar correlations were not observed in SCC-Ag examination. Simultaneous determination of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC-Ag showed minimal sensitivity increase from 48.7% to 52.1% in NSCLC and from 69.1% to 70.1% in SCC and decrease of specificity from 95.8% to 85.4%. To sum up, determination of CYFRA 21-1 in NSCLC patients (especially in SCC patients) is useful in diagnosis and clinical stage determination.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Blood platelets in experimental lung emphysema. Comparative analysis of the number and aggregation abilities of platelets in left and right ventricular blood of the heart.

Quantitative and morphological analyses (in SEM) of blood platelets collected from the left and right ventricles of the rat heart in the course of experimental lung emphysema were done. Platelet aggregation index was estimated, too. Emphysema was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution in a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w/1 ml PBS. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 24 hours and 7, 14, 28 days later. Within 24 hours of the experiment a slight decrease was observed in the number of platelets in the blood collected from the left ventricle compared to the right one as well as to control animals. Also a reduction in platelet aggregation coefficient value was noted. However, in the later period of emphysema progression (after 7th day), a statistically significant increase was found in the number of blood platelets in the left ventricle. A relation was noted between quantitative changes of blood platelets and emphysema progression evaluated morphometrically. The ultrastructural examinations in SEM suggest the occurrence of platelet satellitosis in animals intratracheally injected with papain solution. The present results indicate the possibility of a significant contribution of blood platelets to the pathogenesis of experimental lung emphysema.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Influence of brain hypoxia on megakaryocytic emperipolesis in rats.

An evaluation of frequency and intensity of the megakaryocytic emperipolesis in the rat bone marrow after unilateral carotid artery occlusion was performed. The results were compared with those obtained in the group undergoing a blood loss and the group not subjected to surgical procedures. A significant increase in the frequency of emperipolesis was found in the bled rats following a carotid artery cannulation, but also in animals exposed to the carotid artery occlusion only. In most cases the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes contained granulocytes and erythroblasts. The observed emperipolesis phenomenon is likely to be a result of brain hypoxia and a secondary neurogenic stimulation of the bone marrow activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Glycosaminoglycans of umbilical cord arteries and their alterations in EPH-gestosis.

It was found that the umbilical cord arteries (UCAs) contained several types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including hyaluronic acid and sulphated glycosaminoglycans. EPH-gestosis is accompanied by significant changes in the composition of extracellular matrix of the UCAs. Significant increase in collagen content was found. Total amount of GAGs did not change much but the quantitative ratio between various GAGs distinctly altered. A decrease in hyaluronic acid content and an increase in the amount of sulphated GAGs as well as a diminution of GAGs/collagen ratio were observed. These observations were confirmed by histochemical methods. The significance of these phenomena for collagen fibrillogenesis in the arterial wall is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Solcoseryl prevents early postradiation changes in the lungs.

The aim of the study was to test the influence of Solcoseryl on early postradiation changes in the lungs of rats. The chests of the rats were irradiated with Co-60, fractional dose 250 cGy/DT, total dose 2500 cGy/DT. Solcoseryl was given intraperitoneally in quantities of 0,1ml daily, during 60 days of the experiment. Morphological examinations of the lungs revealed that Solcoseryl decreased significantly the effects of early postradiation damage of the respiratory organ in rats.

Actihaemyl↗

PubMed1994

[Phenomenon of emperipolesis of bone marrow megakaryocytes in experimental hemorrhage shock in rats].

An evaluation of frequency and intensity degree of emperipolesis in megakaryocytes of the bone marrow in rats subjected to the hemorrhagic shock was performed. The results were compared with those obtained in the groups of animals undergoing a sham operation and not subjected to any surgical procedure at all. A statistically significant increase was found in the frequency of emperipolesis in the shocked rats compared with the remaining groups. The cytoplasm of megakaryocytes most frequently revealed the occurrence of granulocytes and erythroblasts. However, differences in the frequency of respective hematopoietic cells were not significant.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Stimulation of alveolar macrophages by BCG vaccine enhances the process of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin.

It was found that the BCG vaccine injected subcutaneously to the rats enhances the process of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Pretreatment of rats with this vaccine results in accumulation of activated macrophages in lung interstitium and in the bronchoalveolar spaces. It may be suggested that the activated macrophages release various cytokines which may stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and biosynthesis of extracellular matrix components.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A correlative study of bronchial cytology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma.

In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of lavage CEA and SCC-Ag in combination with other parameters such as serum CEA and SCC-Ag, sputum and bronchial brushing cytology, we studied 30 patients with lung carcinoma and 12 with nonmalignant lung disease. All four tests combined, resulted in an increase in the predictive accuracy for diagnostic lung carcinoma to 87 per cent, a value which is much above the approximately 50 per cent level achieved by each test alone. Hence lavage CEA and SCC-Ag appears to be a useful accessory test in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma, particularly when combined with other diagnostic procedures currently in use.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Usefulness of a multiple biomarker assay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum for the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of simultaneous determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and carbohydrate antigenic determinant 19-9 (CA 19-9), we studied 48 patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 15 with nonmalignant lung disease. The combination of CEA-BAL, NSE-BAL, and NSE-serum taken together with results of bronchoscopy (histologic and cytologic) showed the highest discriminating power between malignant (SCLC) and nonmalignant lung disease. The sensitivity of bronchoscopy alone was 35%. However, when bronchoscopy results were combined with 3 positive markers, the sensitivity increased to 71%, with at least 2 positive markers to 94%, and with at least 1 positive marker to 100%. When both bronchoscopy and all 3 markers were negative, the results showed a negative predictive value of 100%.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The study of platelet count and phagocytic activity in experimental hemorrhagic shock. I. Comparison of platelet count in blood of left and right heart ventricles].

The evaluation of the number of blood platelets in the left and right heart ventricle observed during haemorrhagic shock has been carried out. It has been stated that the number of blood platelets of the left ventricle outnumber that of the right heart ventricle. The difference is more intense with the prolongation of the time of the survival in the state of shock.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

The effect of platelet activating factor antagonist (BN 52021) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis with reference to oxygen radicals.

Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced in Wistar male rats by iv infusion of cerulein (CR) in the dose of 5.10(-6)g.kg-1.h-1 during 3 or 6 h. The effect of BN 52021--platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, against this model of disease was examined. BN 52021 was applied iv as a bolus injection in the dose of 5.10(-3)g.kg-1 at 0 time. Treatment with this agent significantly ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. The effect of BN 52021 was expressed by significant reduction of pancreas edema, diminution of hyperamylasemia, lack of superoxide dismutase activity depletion, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in pancreatic tissue. These changes were accompanied by significant reduction of acinar cells vacuolization and remarkable inhibition of infiltration with inflammatory cells in the interacinar space. We suppose that beneficial effect of BN 52021 against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats depends on the prevention of inflammatory cells activation and subsequent generation of oxygen radicals within pancreatic tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Effect of dimethylsulfoxide-hydroxyl radical scavenger on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

Acute oedematous pancreatitis was induced in Wistar male rats by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of cerulein at the rate of 5.10(-6)g.kg-1.h-1 for 3 or 6 hrs. The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-hydroxyl radical scavenger in this model of disease were examined. DMSO was injected i.v., 0.75 g.kg-1, at 0 and 3 hrs during cerulein infusion. Treatment with this agent exerted a protective effect on the rat pancreas in the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. This effect is expressed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation in pancreatic tissue, less oedema formation, diminution of hyperlipasemia and a significant reduction in acinar cell vacuolisation. Our data suggest that besides the hydroxyl radical, other oxidants (secondary?) may cause cytotoxicity in this model of disease. We suggest that phagocytic inflammatory cells provide such oxidants.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Megakaryocyte cumulation in rabbit lungs after intraperitoneal administration of casein.

In the lung capillary vessels of rabbits, 24 hr after intraperitoneal administration of saturated casein solution, megakaryocyte cumulation (MK) was observed (22 MK/cm2 of section area in treated group and 2,5 MK/cm2 of section area in control group). Megakaryocytes were found most often in the form of an elongated nucleus without cytoplasm. The authors suppose, that MK liberation from the marrow into the venous vessels may be caused by casein degradation products.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Branched-chain amino acid enriched diet given simultaneously with ethanol partially prevents morphological and biochemical changes in the liver.

Morphological examination of the liver and biochemical studies of the serum were carried out on rats fed: a) ethanol p.o. in the daily dose of 6 g/kg for 4 weeks and maintained on standard diet (Et-OH) and b) ethanol in the same doses but fed the BCAA enriched diet (to amount of 1.174 mM/day/rat) were carried out. It can be concluded that BCAA enriched diet given simultaneously with ethanol prevent in part the morphological and ultrastructural changes in liver and improve positive body weight gain of experimental animals.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗

PubMed1989

[Megakaryocytes in human lungs in non-selected autopsy specimens-- topography of their occurrence and correlation with pulmonary thrombosis].

In a 100 lungs of patients died in hospital (61 males, 39 females including 4 children) consecutively studied at autopsies in 1986 topographic quantification of megakaryocytes (MK) was performed. Mean number of MK was 31 cells per 1 cm2 of the studied sections (the range from 0 to 336 MK/cm2). More numerous MKs were observed in the upper pulmonary lobes and fibrous foci. The greatest accumulation of MK was found in the patients died from various types of shock. In the lungs with a large number of MK we found enhanced microthrombosis of the pulmonary vessels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Pulmonary megakaryocytes (MK) in experimental hemorrhagic shock].

Quantification of MK in blood and pulmonary sections was performed in rabbits with induced hemorrhagic shock (group I) and in control rabbits (group II). In electron transmission microscopy we studied the ultrastructure of pulmonary capillaries. Animals in group I were exsanguinated to achieve systemic blood pressure level of 40 mm Hg. This level was maintained for 1.5 hours and then the rabbits from both groups were sacrificed. Pulmonary arterial and venous blood was sampled in the amount of 10 ml and two sections from each pulmonary lobe were taken. The blood samples were then treated with Streptolysine 0 in order to isolate MK which were counted in the smears. In pulmonary sections MKs were counted per 1 cm2. In animals with shock we found an increase in MKs in the pulmonary artery (means = 4.9 MK/ml against means = 1 MK/ml in venous blood; corresponding values for group II were means = 1.7 MK/ml and 1 MK ml respectively). In the lungs of rabbits in group I we found considerable accumulation of MKs means = 22.4 MK/cm2 (corresponding value for group II means = 2 MK/cm2). It was found that hemorrhagic shock was probably the factor activating the release of MK from the bone marrow to the periferal blood, whereas pulmonary capillaries were an effective filter uptaking circulating MKs. Edematous changes in the capillary endothelium were probably the factors intensifying the process of pulmonary uptake of MK. We discussed the value of pulmonary accumulation of MK in the development of mechanisms leading to adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Oxygen-derived free radicals in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.

Conscious rats were treated with a supramaximal dose of 5.10(-6)g.kg-1.h-1 of cerulein for periods of 3 and 12 h. In both groups of animals typical features of acute oedematous pancreatitis were proved by biochemical and histologic examinations. The most important finding of our study was the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in pancreatic tissue, accompanied by a slight increase of this scavenger enzyme in serum of rats stimulated with cerulein during 3 h. Parallelly, evident elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in pancreatic tissue was noted. After the 12-h infusion of cerulein we were not able to detect any SOD activity in pancreatic tissue, whereas this activity appeared in ascitic fluid of tested animals. Further increase of MDA concentration in pancreatic tissue, in comparison with 3-h pancreatitis, was found. These data suggest that in 3-h and 12-h cerulein-induced pancreatitis the oxygen-derived free radicals mediate the increased lipid peroxidation in pancreatic tissue. We think that the depletion of the scavenger enzyme SOD may be responsible for such a disturbance of lipid metabolism.

Acute Disease↗