Biomedical subjects

L Chyczewski

Publications and source records attributed to L Chyczewski.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Comparison of morphological and biochemical changes of BAL-isolated cells in experimental lung emphysema.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protease and antiprotease activity in the fluid obtained from the culture of cells isolated from the lungs of animals with experimental emphysema. An attempt was made to correlate the results of biochemical examinations with adherence degree and ultrastructural changes of the surface of BAL-isolated cells. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, of 180-220 g b.w. Two i.p. injections of BCG-vaccine (4 x 10(8) microorganisms) on the 1st and 14th day were applied as macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. Papain (2 mg/l ml/100 g b.w.) was given once i.t. on the 21st day. The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day of the experiment. We found a correlation between the increase in the cell adherence and ultrastructural changes (in SEM), suggesting an increased activity of the cells isolated from BCG-treated rats. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increased base protease activity and decreased Cathepsin D activity comparing with the control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in the BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats only was observed, too. There was no obvious difference in the levels of the antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between the groups. The present results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, an increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Histomorphometry of megakaryocytes in bone marrow during acute hemorrhagic shock in rats].

Quantitation and morphometric parameters of bone marrow MK in rats during acute haemorrhagic shock were analysed. The results were compared with group of normal rats and rats after surgical manipulation. In examining animals statistical significant differences were observed in localization, size, form factor, N/C ratio, forming cluster forms and phenomena of emperipolesis. These disturbances of MK were often observed in rats after surgical manipulation. The results indicate that the changes of MK have just observed after 60 min. from indication of haemorrhagic shock.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Circulating megakaryocytes in blood during experimental acute hemorrhagic shock in rats].

The circulating megakaryocytes (MK) in the central venous blood of rats during haemorrhagic shock have been studied. Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes with a pore size of 5 microns were used to isolate circulating MK. Different morphologic types of MK were analysed. The results showed an increased number of MK migrating from the bone marrow to blood and confirm that circulation MK are a normal physiologic component of blood. The number of the rise during haemorrhagic shock, especially large MK and MK with scant cytoplasm ("naked nuclei" MK).

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

CYFRA 21-1 determination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: clinical utility for the detection of recurrences.

The aim of this study was to evaluate serial determinations of CYFRA 21-1 in the follow-up of patients treated surgically for non-small cell lung cancer in order to predict the risk of tumour recurrence. Serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 were measured using an immunoradiometric assay (CIS bio) in 57 patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 25 with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), 20 with adenocarcinoma (AC), 12 with large cell carcinoma (LCC) and 30 with non-malignant lung diseases. Elevated preoperative CYFRA 21-1 levels were identified in 44% of all patients with NSCLC. The diagnostic specificity of the assay was 97%. Positive CYFRA 21-1 levels was observed in 30% of stage I, 33% of stage II, and 55% of stage IIIa. Statistically significant differences were obtained between stages I and IIIa, II and IIIa, but not between stages I and II. During follow-up recurrence was observed in 19 of 57 (33%) NSCLC patients. Recurrence-free survival probability for patients with elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 levels before surgery was 52% (13/25), versus 81% (26/32) for patients with normal serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (p < 0.01). In 15 patients with increased trend for CYFRA 21-1, elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 levels preceded (13 patients) or coincided (2 patients) with the clinical detection of tumour recurrence, providing a predictive value of an increased trend of 87%. In the multivariate analysis the association of the increase of CYFRA 21-1 level with a higher risk of recurrence is statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

Endothelial cell activation in shock.

Some pathological conditions including shock, induce focal activation, degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of endothelial cells. These changes cause disturbances of endothelial functions which include expression of adhesive molecules resulting in rolling of the leukocytes along endothelial surface, loss of endothelial adhesiveness to subendothelial matrix resulting in cell desquamation, dysfunction of endothelial anticoagulation/coagulation balance and disturbances of endothelial vasomotor abilities. Above mentioned imbalance of endothelial functions are discussed in aspects of shock.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Activation of the peritoneal mast cells and eosinophils in untreated hemorrhagic shock in rats.

The mast cells and eosinophils washed out from rat peritoneal cavity after 75 minutes of untreated hemorrhagic shock were studied in light and electron microscope. A significantly increased total peritoneal cell (PC) number, an increased mast cell (MC) number, decreased eosinophil number, and features of activation of both MC and E were found: heterogeneity and combining of granules, evacuation of their content, build up and enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum, development of microtubular cytoplasmic system, multiplication of cell membrane microvilli, and contacts between MC and E. Ultrastructural examination revealed vesicle formation in Golgie apparatus. These vesicles created characteristic blebs on the cell surface and evacuated their contents outside. Morphological findings suggest that peritoneal mast cells and eosinophils are involved in mechanism of the intestinal injury in shock.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Increase in the peritoneal antioxidative potential in experimental hemorrhagic shock.

Production of the oxygen-derived free radicals in peritoneal lavage after one-hour hemorrhagic shock were investigated on a rat model. A statistically significant increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and an insignificant enhancement of concentration of -SH groups, comparing to the control animals was shown. There was no difference in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the peritoneal fluid from the bled animals and the control group. The results indicate an increased antioxidative potential of the peritoneal content in the early phase of hemorrhagic shock.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Luminol-chemiluminescence in free peritoneal cells in hemorrhagic shock in rats treated with PAF-receptor-antagonist BN 52021.

The activity of rat peritoneal cells were assessed by the phorbol mirystinian acetate (PMA)-induced luminol chemiluminescence (LCL). Results in control groups (0 - no manipulation, and I - carotid artery cannulation) were compared with those in the untreated hemorrhagic shock (group II), in the shock treated with the standard polyelectrolyte solution (PES) (group III), and in shock treated with PAF receptor-antagonist BN 52021 + PES (group IV). The maximal and the most rapid LCL was observed in the group treated with BN 52021 (group IV), while chemiluminescent response in the the untreated shock (group II) and in shock treated with PES was minimally expressed and late. The findings indicate for a rapid activation of peritoneal cells during ca 1 hour of hemorrhagic shock. This leads to exhausting their ability to the superoxide anion generation 15 minutes later. Peritoneal cells obtained from the group treated with the BN 52021 revealed a preserved ability to the respiratory burst. It can be concluded that BN 52021 effectively inhibits activation of the PC during hemorrhagic shock.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Cathepsin D activity in the intestinal wall in experimental untreated hemorrhagic shock.

The total cathepsin D activities in the intestinal wall and in venous mesenteric and arterial systemic blood were investigated on the rats in untreated hemorrhagic shock lasting 60 minutes. We observed a decrease in cathepsin D activity in homogenates of respective segments of small and large bowels and an increase in the enzyme activity in blood serum of both origin. The shock resulted in lowering protein concentration in the intestinal wall and its increase in the mesenteric blood. We found a negative correlation between cathepsin D activity in the intestinal wall and its morphological destruction. Molecules of the enzyme, after liberation from lysosomes due to hemorrhagic shock, are translocated to the circulation and probably to the gut lumen. Liberation of the intestinal cathepsin D may contribute to the local damage and multiorgan failure in hemorrhagic shock.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1995

Mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

The morphology and functions of gastrointestinal mast cells (MCs) under physiological and pathological conditions were described. Special attention was paid to the MCs origin, differentiation and morphological and biochemical aspects of their degranulation. Mast cells are important component of normal architecture of the gastrointestinal tract. Many substances released from MCs during degranulation are biologically active and mediate numerous processes: blood flow regulation, epithelial and endothelial permeability, mucosal secretion, gastrointestinal tract motility, immunological events related to the antigens of various origin, angiogenesis, cancer development. Thus MC is often considered as an important agent in pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases. The gastrointestinal diseases which was described in this paper are following: bacterial and parasitic infections, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Leśniowski-Crohn's disease, inflammatory polyps, intestinal graft-versus-host reaction, neoplastic tumors, mastocytosis, intestinal ischemia.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1995

Ginkgolide BN 52021 protects against hemorrhagic shock-induced renal injury in rats.

Degree of renal damage in experimental untreated and treated hemorrhagic shock was estimated in light microscopy. Histological preparations were scored with a semiquantitative scale concerning the changes which are typical for the acute renal failure. It was found that an early treatment with the PAF-receptor antagonist (ginkgolide BN 52021) considerably reduced morphological changes observed in rat kidney in hemorrhagic shock, comparing with untreated shock and in shock treated with a polyelectrolyte solution.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1995

Oxygen-derived free radicals in kidney in experimental hemorrhagic shock treated by PAF-receptor antagonist BN 52021.

Renal damage in rat hemorrhagic shock model was assessed by estimation of the reactive oxygen metabolites generation (malondialdehyde measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidative potential (activity of Cu-, Zn- superoxide dismutase, activity of glutathione reductase and level of sulfhydryl compounds). It was found that treatment with BN 52021 (a platelet-activating factor antagonist), and polyelektrolyte solution had had a beneficial effect in comparison with both the untreated shock and shock treated by reperfusion only.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Megakaryocytes in the acute stage of experimental hemorrhagic shock. Part I. Megakaryocytes circulating in the blood.

Megakaryocytes were evaluated in the blood of the caval vein of rats in the acute stage of hemorrhagic shock. The number and morphological types of MK were analysed. Millipore filters were used for the evaluation. MK were found to be a physiological element of the blood. An increase in the MK number leaving the bone marrow in rats with the acute stage of hemorrhagic shock was observed. A rise in the total MK number was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of mature and "naked nucleus" MK.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Megakaryocytes in the acute stage of experimental hemorrhagic shock. Part II. Megakaryocytic regulation of cell release from the bone marrow.

The contribution of MK to the release of other marrow cells to the blood was evaluated in rats subjected to experimental hemorrhagic shock. The analysis was based on the frequency of emperipolesis phenomenon in megakaryocytes, which was evaluated in a light microscope on marrow smears and in ultrastructural examinations. A considerable increase was found in the number of marrow cells in the MK cytoplasm in the animals examined, which indicates a significant part of MK in the release of these cells to the blood and in the marrow-blood barrier formation by MK.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Megakaryocytes in the acute stage of experimental hemorrhagic shock. Part III. Histomorphometrical evaluation of megakaryocytes.

The authors presented the morphometrical evaluation of the bone marrow MK in rats in the acute stage of experimental hemorrhagic shock. The experiments used a semiautomatic computer programme. The total number of MK per 1 mm2 of the bone marrow was analysed with regard to various morphological forms of MK, their surface area, shape disorders, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and cluster forms. A considerable shift was observed in the MK parameters examined, suggesting a significant effect of hemorrhagic shock upon megakaryocytopoiesis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Morphology of mast cells in experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced with bleomysin].

Bleomycin induces local inflammatory process with subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. An unknown chemoattractant induces the mast cell (MC) migration to the injured lung tissue. Aim of this study was evaluation of the number, topography and ultrastructure (TEM) of the MC in rat lungs with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. The bleomycin was administered once intratracheally (3.6 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed on 7th. 14th and 21st day of experiment. MC were stained with Csaba's method. An evident increase in MC number related to the phase of experiment and stage of lung fibrosis was observed: 520, 1200, 4745 per cm2 section on the 7th, 14th and 21st day respectively. In control the MC number was 163 per cm2 section (p < 0.001). On the 7th day the MC were rich in red granules (mature granules with preponderance of heparin). They were located mainly in pleura and around the blood vessels, as in control. On the 14th and 21st day the majority of MC was situated in places of active fibrosing. They contained exclusively blue granules (the young granules with preponderance of biogenic amines), mixture of increased secretory function of the MC in the fibrotic lungs. Some of the MC granules showed fusion and altered matrix contents, other were emptied in piecemeal manner. A net of microtubules connected the granules was observed. Degranulation of MC may release heparin and cytokines able to stimulate synthesis of extracellular matrix. It has been suggested that heparin contributes to the fibrotic process and angiogenesis, stimulating directly or indirectly collagen synthesis by binding, stabilization and activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and cell adhesion glycoproteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The effect of activated alveolar macrophages on experimental lung emphysema development. I. Protease and antiprotease activities in the culture medium of alveolar macrophages.

Aim of the present study was to evaluate cathepsin D, base protease, antiplasmin, antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities and protein content in the 24h culture medium of the alveolar macrophages (AM) deriving from the rats treated BCG-vaccine and from rats with papain-induced emphysema. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increase of base protease activity and a decrease of cathepsin D activity comparing with control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats were observed. There were not significant differences in antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between examined groups. The obtained results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The effect of activated alveolar macrophages on experimental lung emphysema development. II. The study of fibroblast and alveolar macrophage co-culture.

The cell-cell interaction between fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages was examined using a co-culture system. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were harvested from the bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) of rats with papain induced lung emphysema. The BCG-vaccine was applied as a macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. The morphological examinations carried out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as the evaluation of the uptake of 3H-thymidine did not show any significant differences between respective co-cultures of fibroblasts and AM isolated both from the lungs of control and experimental animals (treated with BCG or papain, and BCG+papain). However, significant growth were noted in 3H-thymidine uptake between fibroblast cultures done with or without cells isolated from the lungs. The results obtained suggest that AM can promote fibroblast proliferation during the progression of experimental lung emphysema.

Animals↗