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Biomedical subjects

L Bodin

Publications and source records attributed to L Bodin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of short-term ingestion of konjac glucomannan on serum cholesterol in healthy men.

The effects of the soluble fiber konjac glucomannan (GM) on serum cholesterol concentrations were investigated in 63 healthy men in a double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study. After a 2-wk baseline period, the subjects were given 3.9 g GM or placebo daily for 4 wk. After a washout period of 2 wk, crossover took place, followed by another 4 wk of treatment. The subjects were encouraged not to change their ordinary diets or general lifestyle during the investigation. GM fibers reduced total cholesterol (TC) concentrations by 10% (P < 0.0001), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations by 7.2% (P < 0.007), triglycerides by 23% (P < 0.03), and systolic blood pressure by 2.5% (P < 0.02). High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C did not change significantly. No change in diastolic blood pressure or body weight was observed. No adverse effects were observed. The results of this study show that GM is an effective cholesterol-lowering dietary adjunct.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. III. Long-term effects on visual fields.

In a prospective randomized study on primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine in 82 newly detected open-angle glaucoma patients, visual field changes were analysed for absolute changes over 2 years on automated threshold perimetry and manual Goldmann perimetry. Regression analysis was also performed using the threshold perimetry examinations taken every second month. Analyses based on automatic perimetry were corrected for eventual bias due to cataract and induced miosis. There was significantly less decay of visual field in the group treated with laser. This was even more pronounced for eyes with capsular glaucoma, especially in the early stage. For the smaller group with simple glaucoma no significant advantage of laser could be shown. Successful intraocular pressure reduction significantly improved the visual field outcome. Laser trabeculoplasty is therefore recommended as primary therapy in capsular glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. IV. Long-term effects on optic nerve head.

In a prospective, randomized study on primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs piloparpine in 82 newly detected open-angle glaucomas the progress of optic nerve head damage is presented. In 70 patients reliable stereo photographs could be analysed. In the laser treated group a progression of glaucoma damage after 24 months was seen in 6/37 eyes (16%) and in the pilocarpine-treated group 16/33 (49%) (p = 0.0048). There was a statistically significant favourable outcome if intraocular pressure was regulated in terms of peak and range of pressure, but not average pressure. This was even more pronounced in capsular glaucoma, but not significant for simple glaucoma. Pilocarpine increased the risk for further damage to the optic nerve head 6.4 times compared to laser trabeculoplasty. Thus, laser is recommended as the primary therapy in high tension glaucoma, especially in capsular glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of gram negative nosocomial bronchopneumonia by intratracheal colistin in critically ill patients. Histologic and bacteriologic study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of intratracheal colistin in preventing nosocomial bronchopneumonia (BPN) in the critically ill. DESIGN: Study evaluating the clinical incidence of nosocomial BPN in 2 groups of critically ill patients who receive or did not receive intratracheal colistin. BPN was assessed clinically in survivors and histologically in non-survivors. SETTING: A 14-bed surgical intensive care unit. PATIENTS: 598 consecutive critically ill patients were studied during a prospective non-randomized study over a 40-month period. INTERVENTIONS: 251 patients--31 non-survivors and 220 survivors--did not receive intratracheal colistin and 347-42 non-survivors and 305 survivors--received intratracheal colistin for a 2-week period (1,600,000 units per 24 h). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The incidence of nosocomial BPN was evaluated clinically in survivors, using repeated protected minibronchoalveolar lavages, and histologically in non-survivors via an immediate postmortem pneumonectomy (histologic and semi-quantitative bacteriologic analysis of one lung). The clinical incidence of nosocomial BPN was of 37% in coli (-) survivors and of 27% in coli (+) survivors (p < 0.01). This result was histologically confirmed in non-survivors, where the incidence of histologic BPN was of 61% in coli (-) patients and of 36% in coli (+) patients (p < 0.001). Emergence of BPN due to colistin-resistant micro-organisms was not observed. Because colistin was successful in preventing Gram-negative BPN and did not change the absolute number of Gram-positive BPN, the proportion of BPN caused by staphylococcus species was higher in group coli (+) patients (33% vs 16%). Mortality was not significantly influenced by the administration of colistin. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the administration of intratracheal colistin during a 2-week period significantly reduces the incidence of Gram-negative BPN without creating an increasing number of BPN due to colistin-resistant micro-organisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory failure: dose-response curves.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dose-response curve of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in terms of pulmonary vasodilation and improvement in PaO2 in adults with severe acute respiratory failure. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: A 14-bed ICU in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 6 critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory failure (lung injury severity score > or = 2.5) and pulmonary hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: 8 concentrations of inhaled NO were administered at random: 100, 400, 700, 1000, 1300, 1600, 1900 and 5000 parts per billion (ppb). Control measurements were performed before NO inhalation and after the last concentration administered. After an NO exposure of 15-20 min, hemodynamic parameters obtained from a fiberoptic Swan-Ganz catheter, blood gases, methemoglobin blood concentrations and intratracheal NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations, continuously monitored using a bedside chemiluminescence apparatus, were recorded on a Gould ES 1000 recorder. In 2 patients end-tidal CO2 was also recorded. RESULTS: The administration of 100-2000 ppb of inhaled NO induced: i) a dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and in pulmonary vascular resistance (maximum decrease--25%); ii) a dose-dependent increase in PaO2 via a dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary shunt; iii) a slight but significant decrease in PaCO2 via a reduction in alveolar dead space; iv) a dose-dependent increase in mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2). Systemic hemodynamic variables and methemoglobin blood concentrations did not change. Maximum NO2 concentrations never exceeded 165 ppb. In 2 patients, 91% and 74% of the pulmonary vasodilation was obtained for inhaled NO concentrations of 100 ppb. CONCLUSION: In hypoxemic patients with pulmonary hypertension and severe acute respiratory failure, therapeutic inhaled NO concentrations are in the range 100-2000 ppb. The risk of toxicity related to NO inhalation is therefore markedly reduced. Continuous SVO2 monitoring appears useful at the bedside for determining optimum therapeutic inhaled NO concentrations in a given patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. II: Long-term effects on intraocular pressure and facility of outflow. Study design and additional therapy.

In a prospective study 82 patients recently diagnosed with simple or capsular glaucoma were randomized to receive primary argon laser trabeculoplasty or pilocarpine treatment. A 2-year follow-up showed a better success rate in the laser group, with less need for additional therapy. The average intraocular pressure and peak pressure was lower and the daytime pressure variation was significantly less in the laser group. The better increase in facility of outflow in the laser group was not statistically significant. In capsular glaucoma, laser treatment resulted in a significantly lower average pressure than with medication. In simple glaucoma the effect was about the same in the two treatment groups. Increase in facility of outflow was significantly better in simple glaucoma than in capsular glaucoma. High initial intraocular pressure gave a significantly lower success rate. Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty as a single glaucoma treatment seems advantageous in comparison to medication with pilocarpine for regulating intraocular pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors and clinical relevance of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis in the critically ill.

The incidence of infectious maxillary sinusitis (IMS) and its clinical relevance was prospectively studied in 162 consecutive critically ill patients who were mechanically ventilated for a period longer than 7 d. All had a paranasal computed tomographic (CT) scan within 48 h of admission and were divided into three groups according to the radiologic aspect of their maxillary sinuses: Group 1 = normal maxillary sinuses (n = 40), Group 2 = maxillary mucosal thickening (n = 26), Group 3 = radiologic maxillary sinusitis (RMS) defined as the presence of an air fluid level and/or opacification of maxillary sinuses (n = 96). Group 1 patients were randomized between nasal and oral endotracheal intubation with a gastric intubation performed via the same route and had a second paranasal CT scan 7 d later. Endotracheal and gastric tubes were left in their original position in Group 2 patients and a second paranasal CT scan was performed 7 d later. All patients of Group 3 underwent a transnasal puncture for bacteriologic analysis of maxillary sinus content. Forty-five spontaneously breathing patients served as a control group. In all patients with RMS, the occurrence of bronchopneumonia (BPN) was prospectively assessed for 7 d following the initial CT scan. Upon inclusion, only 25% of the patients had normal maxillary sinuses whereas all patients in the control group had normal paranasal CT scans. After 7 d, 46% of Group 2 patients had evidence of RMS. Risk factors for RMS were nasal placement and duration of endotracheal and gastric intubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Genetic implications of a bivariate threshold model for litter size components.

A bivariate threshold model for ovulation rate and embryonic survival was developed and the genetic relationships in the observed scale among ovulation rate, embryonic survival, and litter size were derived. This model was applied to data of nulliparous Lacaune sheep. Heritabilities assumed were .30, .05, and .12 for ovulation rate, embryonic survival, and litter size, respectively. Three values for genetic correlation between ovulation rate and embryonic survival were considered: -.78, -.30, and 0. Three criteria to increase litter size were studied: a linear index combining ovulation rate and embryonic survival, ovulation rate, and litter size. The linear index used gave an increasing weight to embryonic survival with higher ovulation rates. A selection scheme was simulated to test predications of response for the different criteria. A nucleus of 10 sires and 300 dams was simulated. Females were selected according to their own performance (mean of three records) and males according to their dam's performance. Selection was continued for six discrete generations. Response with an index was better than direct selection only in the short term, whereas this superiority was not maintained in the last generations of selection. Indirect selection on ovulation rate was clearly inferior to both index and direct selection. In the situation analyzed here, litter size seems to be close to the optimum 'natural index' combining ovulation rate and embryonic survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Histologic aspects of pulmonary barotrauma in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE: To describe histologically pulmonary barotrauma in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory failure. DESIGN: Assessment of histologic pulmonary barotrauma. SETTING: A 14-bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) PATIENTS: The lungs of 30 young critically ill patients (mean age 34 +/- 10 years) were histologically examined in the immediate post-mortem period. None of them were suspected of pre-existing emphysema. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Clinical events and ventilatory settings used during mechanical ventilation were compared with lung histology. Airspace enlargement, defined as the presence of either alveolar overdistension in aerated lung areas or intraparenchymal pseudocysts in nonaerated lung areas, was found in 26 of the 30 lungs examined (86%). Patients with severe airspace enlargement (2.6-40 mm internal diameter) had a significantly greater incidence of pneumothorax (8 versus 2, p < 0.05), were ventilated using higher peak airway pressures (56 +/- 18 cmH2O versus 44 +/- 10 cmH2O, p < 0.05) and tidal volumes (12 +/- 3 ml/kg versus 9 +/- 2 ml/kg, p < 0.05), were exposed significantly longer to toxic levels of oxygen (8.6 +/- 9.4 days versus 1.9 +/- 2 days at FIO2 > 0.6, p < 0.05) and lost more weight (6.3 +/- 9.2 kg versus 0.75 +/- 5.8 kg, p < 0.05) than patients with mild airspace enlargement (1-2.5 mm internal diameter). CONCLUSION: Underlying histologic lesions responsible for clinical lung barotrauma consist of pleural cysts, bronchiolar dilatation, alveolar overdistension and intraprenchymal pseudocysts. Mechanical ventilation appears to be an aggravating factor, particularly when high peak airway pressures and large tidal volumes are delivered by the ventilator.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Different seroprevalences of antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sudanese and Swedish children.

Sampling of sera from 202 Sudanese and 124 Swedish children 1-14 years of age was conducted at the end of the 1980s presenting an opportunity to compare the seroprevalence of anti-Neisseria meningitidis (MC) serogroup A antibodies in an area immediately before outbreak of an epidemic (Sudan 1988) with a low endemic area (Sweden). An ELISA antibody assay was developed for detection of antibodies against capsular polysaccharide of MC serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Serum antibody against MC serogroup A was found significantly more frequently in Sudanese than in Swedish children. This indicates that factors other than herd immunity, as measured by serum antibodies against MC serogroup A polysaccharide, are important for avoidance of an MC serogroup A epidemic. The seroprevalence of Hib antibodies was, in contrast, significantly higher in Swedish than in Sudanese children, especially for 5-9-year-old children. A possible explanation may be the different systems of day-care of children in the two countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Dimensional alterations of the gingiva related to changes of facial/lingual tooth position in permanent anterior teeth of children. A 2-year longitudinal study.

Maxillary and mandibular anterior permanent teeth in 38 children aged 7-12 years were examined 2 x with an interval of 2 years to determine whether spontaneous facial/lingual tooth position changes were related to alterations of the widths of keratinized and attached gingiva and the clinical crown height. Measurements included dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing depth, and width of keratinized and attached gingiva. In addition, study casts from the baseline and 2-year examinations were used to measure clinical crown height and tooth position. The results showed that significant alterations in the widths of the keratinized and attached gingiva took place when the teeth changed positions in facial or lingual directions. The changes in gingival widths could to some extent be coupled to changes in clinical crown height. In teeth moving lingually, the gingival widths increased and the clinical crown height decreased. In teeth moving facially, the gingival widths decreased, and the facial gingiva sometimes receded. These gingival alterations call for examination of the facial gingiva as part of the monitoring of the development of the permanent dentition.

Child↗
PubMed1992

A case-control study of motor neurone disease: its relation to heritability, and occupational exposures, particularly to solvents.

Motor neurone disease (MND) was studied in relation to various determinants in a case-control study covering nine counties in southern Sweden. A questionnaire about occupational exposures, medical history, lifestyle factors etc was given to all cases in the age range 45-79 and to a random sample of 500 population controls in the same age range. The questionnaires were answered by 92 cases and 372 controls, a response rate of 85% and 75% respectively. Among men high Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (MHORs) were obtained for electricity work (MHOR = 6.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-32.1), welding (MHOR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-13.0), and impregnating agents (MHOR = 3.5, 95% CI 0.9-13.1). Heritability with regard to a neurodegenerative disease or thyroid disease seemed to predispose to a risk of developing MND (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.3). The highest OR was found for the combination of such heritability, exposure to solvents, and male sex (OR = 15.6, 95% CI 2.8-87.0), a combination that occurred for seven cases and three controls. Hereditary factors and external exposures had a different distribution among cases with the spinal type of MND than among cases with involvement of the pyramidal tract or bulbar paresis also.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill. Histologic and bacteriologic aspects.

To provide a comprehensive description of the histologic and bacteriologic characteristics of human nosocomial bronchopneumonia (BPN), the lungs of 83 critically ill patients decreased after a period of mechanical ventilation were examined in the immediate postmortem period. In addition, the accuracy of the protected minibronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique in the diagnosis of nosocomial BPN was evaluated. In each patient, a surgical pneumonectomy was performed at the bedside within 30 min following death. Each pulmonary lobe was sampled and bacteriologically analyzed using semiquantitative cultures in 50 patients and quantitative cultures in 33 patients. The entire lung was histologically analyzed using 5 to 10 slices per lung segment. In 69 patients, the bacteriologic result of a protected mini-BAL performed within 48 h preceding death was compared with histologic and bacteriologic results of study of the lung tissue itself. Histologic lesions of BPN were found in 43 of the 83 lungs examined. These lesions were (1) severe in the majority of patients (confluent BPN, n = 23; lung abscess, n = 6), (2) preferentially found in dependent lung segments, (3) often associated with nonspecific alveolar damage, (4) associated with positive lung cultures in 65% of patients (53% with gram-negative bacteria), (5) polymicrobial in 28% of patients, (6) characterized by a lobar bacterial burden greater than 10(3) cfu/g in 32% of cases. Using semiquantitative bacteriologic analysis, the sensitivity and the specificity of the protected mini-BAL in the diagnosis of nosocomial BPN were found to be 70 and 69%, respectively. Protected mini-BAL identified 77% of causative microorganisms of BPN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women. A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Orebro County, Sweden.

Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Orebro County, Sweden, from October 1980 to June 1983, 678 nonsmokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intrauterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.38) compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. This could not be explained by age, previous spontaneous abortion, educational level, planning of pregnancy, or alcohol use. The effect was confined to first-trimester fetal loss (adjusted RR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.81), while active smoking was associated with intrauterine death after the first trimester. Passive exposure in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) but not with low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both of these outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to fetal development and survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Winter weather conditions and myocardial infarctions.

The daily number of cases of myocardial infarctions admitted to a hospital in middle Sweden over three winter seasons 1984-87 was correlated to the weather conditions on a day-to-day basis. The study encompassed 634 days and all cases younger than 70 years, living within the catchment area, in all 382 subjects. Information on temperature, wind force, precipitation and atmospheric pressure was obtained from the Swedish Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. A low number of myocardial infarctions was seen on Saturdays and Sundays with a mild wind chill factor and on days with moderate snowfall and high atmospheric pressure. A high number was observed for workdays, especially Mondays, as day of diagnosis. Heterogeneity of the study population and a misclassification of the time relationships between dates of diagnosis and weather changes may have caused an underestimation of the impact of weather conditions. However, weather conditions do not seem to be a major triggering factor of myocardial infarctions in Sweden.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1990

Heavy lifting during pregnancy--a hazard to the fetus? A prospective study.

The influence of heavy lifting during pregnancy on gestational age, birthweight and the risk of fetal death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) was investigated in a prospective study of 3906 occupationally active women. Information on exposure was collected at the women's first contact with the antenatal care centres in Orebro County from October 1980 to June 1983. Logistic and linear regression were used to analyse the data, allowing for several non-occupational factors in the models. Women who reported heavy lifting did not have in general more unfavourable outcomes than other women, although the risk estimates varied between different occupational categories. Lifting of weights greater than or equal to 12 kg more than 50 times per week increased the risk of pre-term birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation--odds ratio 1.7), but only among women who stopped working before the 32nd week of pregnancy. Unfavourable outcomes were more common among those who reported chemical exposure during pregnancy. The preventive routines and regulations in Sweden may have helped to reduce possible risks from heavy lifting during pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Three mixed venous saturation catheters in patients with circulatory shock and respiratory failure.

Thirty-one critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure and circulatory shock were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 11 patients with an inserted mixed venous saturation (SvO2) catheter using three-reference wavelengths and characterized by one transmitting and one detecting fiberoptic filament (Oximetrix opticath catheter); group 2 included eight patients with an inserted SvO2 catheter using two-reference wavelengths and characterized by one transmitting and one detecting fiberoptic filament; (Edwards sat-one catheter); group 3 included 12 patients with an inserted SvO2 catheter using two-reference wavelengths and characterized by one transmitting and two detecting fiberoptic filaments. Once calibration procedures were performed, SvO2 measured by the catheter and by an hemoximeter OSM 3 (reference value) were compared following each therapeutic intervention. Over a period of 1.5 to 6 hours during which the hematocrit value remained unchanged, 119 measurements were obtained in group 1, 91 in group 2 and 181 in group 3. The dispersion of SvO2 values was much more pronounced with the two-reference wavelength systems using either one or two detecting fiber optic filaments, and the correlation coefficient was significantly higher with the three-reference wavelength system (r = 0.970 for the Oximetrix catheter vs r = 0.855 for the Edwards catheter and r = 0.826 for the Spectramed catheter, p less than 0.001). After 24 hours, the spontaneous drifts in the two-reference wavelength systems, using either one or two detecting fiber optic filaments (expressed as the SvO2 value measured by the catheter minus the reference SvO2 value) were significantly higher than the spontaneous drift in the three-reference wavelength system (9.3 +/- 7 percent for the Edwards catheter and +/- 6 +/- 4.1 percent for the Spectramed catheter vs 3.3 +/- 3.1 percent for the Oximetrix catheter, p less than 0.05). This study shows that a three-wavelength system is more accurate than a two-wavelength system for measuring acute changes in SvO2. The addition of a second detecting fiber optic filament does not seem to improve the accuracy of the system when SvO2 changes occur in conditions of stable hematocrit.

Carboxyhemoglobin↗