Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Arnold.
A monoclonal antibody to phencyclidine was developed, produced in mouse ascites fluid, and purified. The purification used only preparative-scale isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor and dialysis. In 4 h, 25% (4 mg) of the antibody from 10 ml of ascites fluid was purified to homogeneity while 63% of the total antibody was recovered.
Serum levels of PP12 (somatomedin binding protein), PP14 (beta lactoglobulin homologue), Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) and of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were simultaneously measured in patients being treated for infertility in the 28 days after the LH-surge. PP14 levels were similar in the 14 days after the LH-surge in the patients who conceived when compared with those who did not and a high PP14 level was only indicative of pregnancy at 21 days after the LH-surge. hCG and SP1 levels behaved similarly in pregnant subjects. PP12 levels did not change significantly in the 28-days after the LH-surge.
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A gene for cow colostrum trypsin inhibitor (CTI) was constructed from synthetic oligonucleotides using a novel method of solid-phase gene assembly. In the first step an anchor oligonucleotide was covalently bound to the CNBr-activated Sephacryl S-500 support. Next, triads or tetrads of separately annealed oligonucleotides were stepwise hybridized to the immobilized complementary sequence, with washing after each step. In the last step a linearized vector molecule was ligated to the assembled gene. The whole construct was released from the solid support with a restriction enzyme, circularized, and used for transformation, with a high yield of recombinant clones being obtained. The method represents a generally applicable approach to rapid and efficient assembly of extended DNA duplexes.
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Data on breastfeeding intentions and behavior were collected in prenatal and postpartum interviews as part of a study on first birth among 518 women of Mexican origin or descent in two Los Angeles hospitals. The prenatal intentions of 82 per cent of the women to breastfeed were maintained postpartum in one hospital but dropped sharply in the other. A greater number of hours a day with the baby in the hospital and earlier initiation of breastfeeding were associated with the hospital where prenatal breastfeeding intentions were more likely to be carried out. The intention to work postpartum was associated both with the decision not to breastfeed at all and with shorter intended duration of breastfeeding.
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Delayed union of fractures of the trapezoid and body of the hamate are rare and difficult to treat. The fracture fragments may include the neighboring metacarpals with the insertions of the wrist extensors. These two cases occurred after direct blows to the bases of the 2nd and 5th metacarpals, respectively. The extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi ulnaris are deforming forces that may delay osseous union when cast immobilization alone is used. Early internal fixation is advocated for even minimally displaced fractures of the trapezoid or hamate when accompanied by intra-articular fragments of metacarpal with their tendinous insertions.
Automated synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using in situ prepared methylchlorophosphite intermediates from amidine protected purine nucleosides is described. Phosphoramidite method using 1-methylimidazole trifluoromethanesulfonate as mediator is described.
Side reaction during phosphitylation of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine was observed. As a suitable dG synthon, 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2-dimethylaminomethyl-ene-3'-H-phosphonate was developed and used, along with 3'-H-phosphonates of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl derivatives of dT, N4--benzoyl-dC and N6-dimethylaminoethylidene-dA, in automated synthesis of several oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 30-40 bases.
Many American universities now support combined premedical-medical programmes which shorten and integrate the education of doctors. This paper reviews combined baccalaureate-MD programmes at four institutions: Boston University, the City College of New York, The University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, and the University of Missouri-Kansas City. In comparison to most US medical schools, the combined programmes have admitted and educated larger portions of women students. In addition, some have had large proportions of graduates choosing primary-care careers.
Although self-evaluation is crucial in the practice of medicine, few educators have formally introduced self-assessment into the undergraduate medical curriculum. However, students in the baccalaureate-M.D. degree program at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, must complete a self-evaluation at the close of every medical school course and rotation during the last four years of a six-year curriculum. In this paper, the authors examine the self-ratings of 211 of these students as they progressed through the program in order to discover trends in and correlates of the self-assessments. Although the students' self-evaluations and faculty members' ratings of these students' performances rose year by year, the relationship between the students' and the faculty's ratings decreased through time. Yet, results suggest that self-evaluation has educational merit as a measure of noncognitive abilities associated with clinical performance and as a stimulus to further learning and professional development.
Using [3H]ketanserin, a specific ligand for the 5-HT2 receptor, the amount of specific binding was measured in preparations of post-mortem frontal cortex from subjects diagnosed as suffering from dementia. A highly significant 42% loss of binding was observed which reflected a decrease in receptor density compared to psychiatrically normal controls. This was found to be independent of age in the demented patients and thus unlikely to be related to the cholinergic deficit. Measurement of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA indicated a smaller, non-significant decrease in presynaptic 5-HT function.
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Previous studies suggest that medical students and doctors may express a range of positive and negative attitudes and behaviours towards patients. As an initial attempt to understand how attitudes toward patients are formed, first-year medical students were asked to describe their feelings about six categories of patients. These reactions were then correlated with the students' social background, social values and perception of these conditions.
The quality of student life in combined baccalaureate-M.D. degree programs has rarely been investigated although these programs address widely recognized problems in medical education. Through the use of an environmental stress inventory, 183 students' perceptions of the learning environment of a combined-degree program were examined. Students in that program rated few situations in their environment as stressful. Yet, they were significantly concerned about information overload and attendant time problems, just as their peers in 4-yr. schools were. Unlike their 4-yr. counterparts, however, they did not see relations with other students and faculty as problematic. Their scores on the inventory were best predicted at each year level by a combination of personal characteristics, notably living arrangements, sex, and to a lesser extent, introversion.
This study was carried out between 1973 and 1982 on the proportional mortality by lung cancer of a group of workers living either in Brussells or in Wallonia and receiving compensation for silicosis or anthrasilicosis. The majority of patients suffered from anthrasilicosis (more than 96%) and had been exposed to the risk of pneumoconiosis in one of the four coal fields in Wallonia. If, in 13,822 deaths studied the proportional mortality from lung cancer had grown by 0.56% per year reaching 3.7% in 1973 and 9.3% in 1982, it remained below that for a similar Belgian population matched for age and sex. No correlation could be found between the occurrence of this tumour and one or other radiological category as defined by the international classification of pneumoconiosis in 1980. In addition the severity of pneumoconiosis, either from a radiological or functional view, hardly had any influence on the genesis of lung cancer. Finally, the localisation of the tumour and the different histological types do not differ from that reported in the literature among the general population. On the other hand a significant rise in proportional mortality from lung cancer between 1973 and 1982 (p less than 0.001) seemed to be related to two factors, smoking habitis (89.1% of subjects dying from lung cancer were smokers at the moment of death against 68.5% of smokers among other causes of death), and above all the progressive aging of the population of pneumoconioties receiving compensation, the cross section 50-69 rose from 53.17% in 1973 to 73.8% in 1982.
Through a handbook, a seminar, and multiple opportunities for reinforcement in clinical settings, faculty in family medicine conducted an educational program that presented cost-effective practice standards for the care of anemia patients to resident physicians. A comparison of the quality and cost of anemia care by the residents before and during the program ascertained its value. The quality of patient care by residents rose significantly during the program. In addition, the residents' utilization of tests, therapy, and clinic visits and attendant costs reached more appropriate levels. These results should encourage faculty to respond to the current national need for the development of educational materials on cost-effective care of patients with common health problems.