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Biomedical subjects

L A Devriese

Publications and source records attributed to L A Devriese.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics in enterococci from the intestines of animals.

Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (MLS) resistant strains were found among enterococci isolated from caeca of poultry, pigs and cattle. The percentage of MLS resistance among the poultry strains was 70 per cent. The Streptococcus faecium strains were more susceptible than the other enterococcal strains to virginiamycin, a member of the streptogramin class of antibiotics. This was due to higher susceptibility of the S faecium strains to the virginiamycin component M which belongs to the streptogramin group A antibiotics. Ability to inactivate clindamycin, an antibiotic of the lincosamide class of antibiotics, was noted in an unclassified group D streptococcus strain isolated from a pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance patterns in Clostridium perfringens from animals.

Different patterns of resistance against commonly used macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin antibiotics were found in Clostridium perfringens of animal origin. The patterns were designated as (i) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B generalized resistance, (ii) macrolide-lincosamide generalized resistance, (iii) macrolide-lincosamide inducible resistance, and (iv) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin low-level generalized resistance. The strains of the fourth pattern were able to inactivate pristinamycin and virginiamycin. The macrolide-susceptible strains showed a bimodal distribution of lincomycin and clindamycin susceptibility levels. The susceptible strains were inhibited by 0.25 micrograms of lincomycin per ml and 0.03 micrograms of clindamycin per ml. The low-level resistant strains were inhibited at concentrations of 2 to 4 micrograms of lincomycin per ml and 0.5 to 2 micrograms of clindamycin per ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic sensitivity testing: correlations between in vitro tests in vivo situations.

This review discusses the correlations between in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test results and in vivo clinical situations. It is concluded that the relations between blood levels and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibacterial drugs cannot always be applied as criteria of sensitivity. Important exceptions are local treatments and treatment of infections in body sites where antibiotics are concentrated. Examples of agreement and lack of agreement between in vitro test results and treatment results in infections caused by bacteria with acquired resistance are given. Finally, the special problem of the interpretation of results obtained in tests with intestinal bacteria and antibacterials used for growth promotion is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains from rabbits.

Clumping factor- (slide coagulase-) and DNase-positive staphylococci isolated from lesions and carrier sites in rabbits in Belgium, France and the Netherlands all belonged to the species Staphylococcus aureus. Their biotype characteristics were heterogenic. The great majority of the strains could be allotted to 3 biotypes. One ground showed the characteristics of human S. aureus strains. Other strains belonged to a second group which cannot be associated with a specific host species and the features of most strains which belonged to the third group were similar to those of strains commonly found in pigs. The third group was associated which cutaneous staphylococcosis in young rabbits. Geographic differences in the prevalence of these groups were noted. Many strains were epidemiologically related or belonged to a single phage type which showed evidence of epidemic spread.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of methods used for testing staphylokinase (fibrinolysin) production in staphylococcus strains.

Different nutrient bases, fibrinogen or heated plasma preparations and plasminogen sources were compared in tests for staphylokinase production by Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species. Media containing a nutrient base, bovine fibrin and dog plasma or serum proved to be more sensitive than the other substrates or combinations of substrates tested. Comparative testing on plates wih and without dog plasminogen or with plasmin inhibitors, was found to be necessary for the differentiation of staphylokinase from protease effects. Staphylokinases were produced by S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. simulans, S. sciuri and S. xylosus strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Carbohydrate dissimilation tests in the identification of staphylococci.

Reproducible and comparable results were obtained in different media containing different nutrients and indicators when representative Staphylococcus strains were tested for acid production from carbohydrates. Only in tests with melezitose, ribose and turanose many discrepant, weak or delayed positive reactions occurred. In tests with other carbohydrates similarly many weak results were visible after 1 day of incubation, but acid reactions were clear and easy to read after 2 days in phenol red broth and Andrade peptone water media, commonly used in the routine identification of other bacterial genera. Important alkalinization effects were observed after prolonged incubation, but not after short periods up to 24 h in peptone-rich test media. Growth was poor and numbers of acid reactions from carbohydrate breakdown detected did not increase when peptone-free media were used.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Sensitivity of staphylococci from farm animals to antibacterial agents used for growth promotion and therapy. A ten year study.

The following results were obtained during the period of 1970 to 1979-1980 in a study of 1040 Staphylococcus aureus strains in Belgium from cattle, poultry and pigs and 138 Staphylococcus hyicus strains from pigs, using the agar dilution technique and different penicillinase test methods: -- The incidence of penicillinase-positive strains increased in bovine and porcine S. aureus strains but decreased in poultry strains. From 1974 on more than 75% of S. aureus strains from cow udders produced penicillinase. -- The numbers of tetracycline-resistant strains steadily decreased during the period under investigation. -- Strains resistant to the macrolides and lincomycin were most frequent among S. hyicus and S. aureus strains from pigs isolated in 1973-1975. They were less numerous in 1979-1980. The inducible type of macrolide-resistance was found only among strains from poultry and cattle. In 1979-1980 strains resistant to lincomycin but susceptible to macrolide-antibiotics were detected. -- Two types of sensitivity to bacitracin were discovered: highly sensitive strains were frequent in cattle and rare in poultry. Intermediately sensitive strains dominated in poultry and pigs. These two groups of strains belonged to distinct chemotypes. Only one poultry strain was highly resistant to bacitracin. -- Number of neomycin-, sulphonamide- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains and strains resistant to the penicillinase-stable penicillins and cephalosporins were low and did not increase. -- Novobiocin resistance was only found among strains from broiler breeders and broilers. -- All strains tested were sensitive to the nitrofurans and related compounds (furazolidone, nitrovin), flavomycin, carbadox, trimethoprim, rifamycin and the virginiamycin combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Staphylococcus hyicus in cattle.

Staphylococcus hyicus (subsp hyicus) was found to be a frequently occurring inhabitant of the skin of cattle. Significant numbers of this bacterium were found to be present in mange lesions of cattle between one and three years old. Experimental inoculations revealed that S hyicus had a pathogenic effect on the superficially scarified skin of young cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Identification of clumping-factor-negative staphylococci isolated from cows' udders.

Identification to species level was attempted on a collection of 954 cultures of catalase-positive, clumping-factor- and beta-haemolysin-negative Gram-positive cocci isolated from teats and milk of cows. Eighty-seven per cent of the strains were identified as Staphylococcus xylosus, S epidermidis, S sciuri, S haemolyticus, S hyicus subsp hyicus and chromogenes, S simulans and S cohnii. Nine per cent of the collection belonged to another group which could not be identified with any of the known Staphylococcus species. Many of the strains of this group and also part of the S epidermidis and S hyicus subsp chromogenes strains examined showed various degrees of growth enhancement on certain media when fatty substances were added. Only nine strains were classified as Micrococcus. A scheme for the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci from cows' milk is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus hyicus.

A selective medium for the isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus, with potassium thiocyanate as selective substance and the polysorbate 80 reaction as elective marker, was developed. The organism could be identified during the routine examination of samples derived from pigs, using 2 relatively simple tests: the slide coagulase (clumping factor) and the deoxyribonuclease plate reaction. The S hyicus was isolated from 54% of 684 samples collected from nares, external ears, and skin covering the nose of pigs not affected by exudative epidermatitis. Isolates from these animals did not appear to differ in pathogenic potentials from those obtained from lesions.

Animals↗