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Biomedical subjects

Klaus Jung

Publications and source records attributed to Klaus Jung.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Expression of cathepsins B, H, and L and their inhibitors as markers of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that the expression of the lysosomal proteolytic enzymes cathepsin B, H, and L (CB, CH, and CL, respectively) correlate with tumor progression in various neoplasms. However, no data are available in cell lysates and supernatants of differently differentiated human bladder cell lines or in noncancerous and cancerous bladder tissue. METHODS: Using spectrofluorometric assays, catalytic activities of CB, CH, CL, and their inhibitor (CIP) were measured both in differently differentiated human bladder cell lines (HCV29, normal; RT4, well differentiated; J82, poorly differentiated) and in noncancerous and cancerous tissue samples (n = 20) of transitional cell carcinoma obtained from transurethral resections of the bladder or cystectomies. Enzyme activities were related to the protein content in tissue samples or to the cell count in cell lines. RESULTS: In comparison to the intracellular activities of CB, CH, and CL in the poorly differentiated cell line J82, the intracellular activities in the normal cell line HCV29 were significantly greater (P <0.05), independent of stage or grade. In contrast, the portion of cathepsins released from cell line J82 into the supernatant revealed higher values than that from cell line HCV29. In cancerous bladder tissue, CB and CH were significantly greater than in the matched normal tissue (P <0.05). CL and CIP did not show any statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cathepsin concentrations in the supernatant of the poorly differentiated J82 carcinoma cell culture, as well as in cancerous bladder tissue, are indicative of a proteolytic imbalance and potential indicators of bladder cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of magnetic fluid hyperthermia in a standard rat model of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility and potential of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) as a minimally invasive method for hyperthermia treatment of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orthotopic Dunning R3327 prostate tumors were induced in 20 male Copenhagen rats. The animals either received MFH treatment following intratumoral administration of magnetic fluids or were used as either tumor growth controls for determination of iron distribution in selected organs or as histologic controls without MFH treatment. The MFH treatments were carried out at 45 degrees C or 50 degrees C using an AC magnetic field applicator system designed for small animals. RESULTS: Sequential treatments with MFH were possible following a single intratumoral injection of magnetic fluid. Intratumoral temperatures of 50 degrees C and more were obtained and were monitored online using fluoro-optic thermometry. Four days after MFH treatments, 79% of the injected dose of ferrites was still present in the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: The successful intraprostatic nanoparticle infiltration and stable steady-state intratumoral treatment temperatures demonstrate the feasibility of MFH in a prostate cancer model. Efficacy and survival benefit must be confirmed in further experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hepsin is highly over expressed in and a new candidate for a prognostic indicator in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Other cDNA microarray studies have shown that hepsin is one of the highly over expressed genes in prostate cancer tissue compared with nonmalignant and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. We quantitatively analyzed hepsin gene expression with real-time polymerase chain reaction and calculated its relationships with clinicopathological parameters in a large cohort of samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matched prostate tissue samples from the cancerous and noncancerous parts of the same prostates were obtained from 90 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed using LightCycler Fast Start DNA Master SYBR Green I on a LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) system. The ratio of hepsin-to-beta-actin (a housekeeping gene) was used to normalize data. RESULTS: Hepsin over expression in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue was found in 81 of the 90 patient samples (90%, p <0.001). In 48 patients (53%) hepsin over expression was more than 10-fold in cancerous tissue. The ratio of cancerous-to-noncancerous hepsin expression was significantly higher in the 39 patients with grade 3 tumors compared with the 51 with grade 2 tumors (median 15.5 vs 9.6, p = 0.031). For the prognosis a cutoff at the 75th percentile provided a significant difference between patients at lower risk (pT2, G2 and Gleason score less than 7) and higher risk (pT3/4, G3 and Gleason score 7 or greater) for relapse. CONCLUSIONS: This report of the quantitative analysis of hepsin expression, which is the first to our knowledge, shows strong and significant over expression in prostate cancer tissue. Hepsin expression may be a new prognostic marker that could be used for assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

The membrane proteases adams and hepsin are differentially expressed in renal cell carcinoma. Are they potential tumor markers?

PURPOSE: ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) as cell surface proteins with adhesion and protease activity, and hepsin as a transmembrane protease have important roles in many biological processes. We assessed the expression of various ADAMs and of hepsin in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and correlated expression with clinicopathological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: mRNA expression of ADAM-8, 17, 19, 28, TS1 and TS2, and of hepsin was investigated in paired tissue samples from cancerous and noncancerous parts of the kidneys of 27 patients with RCC who underwent tumor nephrectomy. Measurements were performed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on a LightCycler instrument (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany). The data were related to housekeeping gene porphobilinogen deaminase mRNA. RESULTS: All ADAMs except ADAM-TS1 were significantly higher but hepsin was less expressed (at least p <0.05) in cancerous vs matched noncancerous tissue. Expression was differentially related to tumor stage. ADAM-8 and ADAM-TS2 over expression as well as decreased hepsin expression were associated with shorter patient survival. The Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that ADAM-TS2 was an independent prognostic factor for cancer related death. ADAM-8 was the best predictor of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The differential expression of hepsin and ADAMs suggests early and late involvement of membrane proteases in the development of RCC. Their association with the clinical outcome illustrates their potential usefulness as biomarkers for RCC.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Increased mRNA expression of ADAMs in renal cell carcinoma and their association with clinical outcome.

ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are cell-surface proteins with adhesion and protease activity which play important roles in many biological processes. Little is known about their role in cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the quantitative expression of the ADAMs in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to associate expression levels with clinicopathological data. We investigated the mRNA expression of ADAM-8, -17, -19, -28, ADAM-TS1, and ADAM-TS2 in paired tissue samples from cancerous and non-cancerous parts of the kidneys of 27 patients with RCC who underwent tumour nephrectomy. Measurements were performed by means of the quantitative real-time RT-PCR on a LightCycler instrument. ADAM-8, -17, and -19 were significantly higher expressed (p<0.05 at least) in cancerous compared with the matched non-cancerous tissue in pT1 and > or =pT2 tumours, ADAM-28 and ADAM-TS2 only in pT1 tumours, and ADAM-TS1 was not differently expressed. All ADAMs except ADAM-TS1 showed an increase of expression in the non-cancerous tissue with rising pT stage suggesting an early involvement of ADAMs in the development of RCC. The expression of ADAM-8 was related to a shorter survival of patients and was the best predictor of distant metastases. Our results indicate a potential role for ADAMs in RCC and that the overexpression might be a useful predictive tool.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

In situ gene expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder.

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system plays a central role in the blood clot dissolution and tissue plasticity. uPA is a serine protease that is also involved in the metastatic process upon activation and binding to its receptor (uPAR). Studies have shown that levels of uPA in malignant tumors are higher than in the corresponding normal tissue or in benign tumors of the same tissue. We investigated uPA and uPAR gene expression in 20 human transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder (n=19) and the renal pelvis (n=1) in comparison with adjacent non-malignant tissues. We performed mRNA in situ hybridization (isH) and immunohistochemical staining. uPA-mRNA and uPAR-mRNA were present in 95% (19/20) and 85% (17/20) of the TCC samples, respectively and significantly higher expressed than in the adjacent normal tissue. uPA-mRNA was expressed only in malignant urothelial cells, whereas uPAR-mRNA was localized in malignant urothelial cells as well as in surrounding stromal cells. There was a statistically significant lower expression of uPA/uPAR-protein in adjacent normal tissue. Strong uPAR-protein signal intensity was related to a marked protein expression as semi-quantitatively determined by immunohistochemistry. For uPA-protein this observation was less frequent. There was a statistical trend that higher expression of uPA and uPAR corresponded with tumor stage and grade of TCC. Statistical significance was reached for uPAR-antigen compared to tumor stage (p=0.025). We conclude that higher expression of uPA and uPAR could indicate a more aggressive phenotype of TCC.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The usefulness of serum human kallikrein 11 for discriminating between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful tumor marker for diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer (CaP). Recently, we developed a specific immunoassay for human kallikrein 11 (hK11), one of the kallikrein gene family members, and found that hK11 was highly expressed in prostatic tissue and could be detected in seminal plasma (E. P. Diamandis et al., Cancer Res., 62: 295-300, 2002). The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum hK11 levels could be used to discriminate CaP from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We analyzed for hK11, total PSA, and percentage of free PSA, 150 serum samples from men with histologically confirmed BPH (n = 64) or CaP (n = 86). Total and free PSA levels were measured by the Immulite PSA assay, and hK11 levels were measured by our previously published immunofluorometric assay. Serum hK11 levels and the hK11:total PSA ratio were both significantly lower in CaP patients than in BPH patients. In the subgroup of patients with percentage of free PSA less than 20, an additional 54% of BPH patients could have avoided biopsies by using the hK11:total PSA ratio. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the hK11:total PSA ratio [area under the curve (AUC), 0.83] and percentage of free PSA (AUC, 0.83) were much stronger predictors of CaP than total PSA (AUC, 0.69). These preliminary data suggest that the hK11:total PSA ratio could be a useful tumor marker for CaP and could be combined with percentage of PSA to further reduce the number of unnecessary prostatic biopsies.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Differential expression of the human kallikrein gene 14 (KLK14) in normal and cancerous prostatic tissues.

BACKGROUND: Many members of the human kallikrein gene family are differentially expressed in cancer and a few have potential as diagnostic/prognostic markers. KLK14 is a newly discovered human kallikrein gene that is mainly expressed in the central nervous system and endocrine tissues. Since KLK14 was found to be regulated by steroid hormones in prostate cancer cell lines, we hypothesized that it will be differentially expressed in prostate cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts. METHODS: Matched prostate tissue samples from the cancerous and non-cancerous parts of the same prostates were obtained from 100 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Quantitative analysis of KLK14 expression levels were performed by real-time RT-PCR using SYBR Green I dye on the LightCycler trade mark system. Associations with clinico-pathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: KLK14 overexpression in the cancerous compared to non-cancerous tissue was found in 74% of patients (P < 0.001). Mean level of expression was 154 arbitrary units (Au) in cancerous tissues and 14.2 Au in the non-cancerous tissues. The ratio of the cancerous to non-cancerous KLK14 expression values was higher in patients with late stage (stage III) compared to stage II (P = 0.002), and in grade 3 compared to grade 1/2 tumors (P = 0.001). A statistically significant increase was also observed in patients with higher in Gleason score (>6) compared to Gleason score = 6 tumors (P = 0.027). No correlation was found between KLK14 tissue expression levels and serum prostate-specific antigen. CONCLUSIONS: KLK14 expression is significantly higher in cancerous compared to non-cancerous prostatic tissue. The up-regulation of the KLK14 gene in advanced and more aggressive tumors may indicate a possible role for the hK14 protein in tumor spread and opens the possibility of hK14 being a candidate new marker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

mRNA expression of the five membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases MT1-MT5 in human prostatic cell lines and their down-regulation in human malignant prostatic tissue.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) 1-5 in the human prostatic cell lines BPH-1, LNCaP, DU 145, PC-3, in malignant and non-malignant prostatic tissue samples, and in epithelial cells cultured from these tissue samples. METHODS: Matched malignant and non-malignant tissue specimens were obtained from 12 men with untreated prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy. Expression of mRNA for the five MT-MMPs was quantified by real-time PCR technique and normalized to the expression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). RESULTS: The expression of the five MT-MMPs was distinctly different not only between the prostate cell lines but also varied in the same cell line. There was a general higher expression of all MT-MMPs except for MT3-MMP in the androgen-insensitive cells DU 145 and PC-3 compared with that in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Their relatively high expression in the benign prostatic cell line BPH-1 and also in the primary cell cultures from malignant and non-malignant tissue samples argues against a simple association between MT-MMP expression and invasiveness. In malignant tissue samples and their corresponding cell cultures, the expression of most MT-MMPs was down-regulated in comparison to the normal counterparts. There was no correlation between tumor classification data and the MT-MMP expression results. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to other carcinoma, the down-regulation of most MT-MMPs is typical for prostate carcinoma. It seems to occur mainly in epithelial cells and has to be examined as special characteristic of this tumor entity in further studies.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2003

Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 as biomarker of prostate cancer progression in Dunning (Copenhagen) rats.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells. The objective of this study was to assess MMPs in plasma of Dunning tumor rats as indicators of the progression of prostate cancer and follow-up parameters after treatment. METHODS: Prostate cancer was induced in male Copenhagen rats by either subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation of R3327-MatLyLu cells. During the development of the tumor, plasma MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured by gelatin-substrate zymography and Western blot technique with densitometry in untreated animals, rats treated with laser-induced hyperthermia, or with the new synthetic MMP inhibitor RO 28-2653. RESULTS: Normal prostatic tissue of the Copenhagen rats predominantly expressed proMMP-2 but not proMMP-9 whereas MMP-9 was only found in cancerous tissue. Elevated plasma MMP-9 values were demonstrated in rats with subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. Animals with tumors and treated with the MMP inhibitor RO 28-2653 had both a lower tumor volume and a lower plasma MMP-9 concentration compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of plasma MMP-9 in Dunning tumor rats is a useful tool to monitor the progression of prostate cancer and to assess the efficacy of drugs like MMP inhibitors or other treatment protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative analysis of kallikrein 15 gene expression in prostate tissue.

PURPOSE: The newly discovered human kallikrein 15 gene KLK15 has been shown in preliminary analysis to be associated with more aggressive types of prostate cancer. We quantitatively measured and compared gene expression of KLK15 in malignant and benign prostate tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matched prostate tissue samples from the cancerous and noncancerous parts of the same prostates were obtained from 90 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green I and the LightCycler system (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) was performed. Associations of KLK15 expression with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: KLK15 over expression in cancerous versus noncancerous tissue was found in 76 of the 90 patient samples (84.4%, p <0.001). The ratio of cancerous-to-noncancerous KLK15 expression tended to be higher in patients with stage pT3/4 versus pT2 tumors (p = 0.1). KLK15 expression tended to be higher in grade 3 than in grade 2 tumors and in Gleason score 7 or greater than in Gleason score less than 7 tumors (p = 0.18 and 0.23, respectively). A 1.7 cutoff at the 40th percentile provided a significant difference in stages pT2 and pT3/4 tumors (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: On quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction KLK15 expression was significantly higher in cancerous than in noncancerous tissue. Up-regulation of the KLK15 gene in advanced and more aggressive tumors may indicate a possible role for KLK15 protein as future serum marker for prostate cancer and for distinguishing tumor aggressiveness.

Actins↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative analysis of hippostasin/KLK11 gene expression in cancerous and noncancerous prostatic tissues.

OBJECTIVES: Hippostasin/kallikrein 11 (KLK11) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family, which includes prostate-specific antigen (PSA), human kallikrein 2 (hK2), and another 12 members, all localized on chromosome 19q13.4. Hippostasin has two alternative splicing isoforms, known as the brain type and prostate type. We have previously reported that the prostate-type isoform is not expressed in human prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS: We compared the expression of hippostasin/KLK11 isoforms in 76 matched pairs of human normal and prostate cancer tissues by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The expression of both isoforms of KLK11 was 25% to 45% higher in cancer tissues compared with their normal counterparts. Regarding prostate-type KLK11, we identified a significant association between lower expression and higher tumor stage, Gleason score, and tumor grade. No such association was seen with the brain-type isoform. CONCLUSIONS: : The expression of the prostate-type isoform of KLK11 is increased in prostate cancer. This parameter should be examined further as a new prognostic indicator of prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

A multicenter clinical trial on the use of complexed prostate specific antigen in low prostate specific antigen concentrations.

PURPOSE: The determination of complexed prostate specific antigen (cPSA) has been suggested to be promising for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. In a multicenter trial we evaluate the diagnostic use of PSA forms in the low total PSA (tPSA) range. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 283 white men with and 417 without PCa and tPSA concentrations between 0 and 6 ng/ml were retrospectively analyzed. All 700 untreated subjects underwent a multisector needle biopsy of the prostate. The Elecsys analyser 1010 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was used for determination of tPSA and free PSA. Determination of cPSA and tPSA was performed using immunoassays of the Bayer Immuno 1 system (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, New York). RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristics analyses for discrimination between cases with and without PCa were performed. The areas under the curves (AUC) for cPSA, tPSA and free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) showed no significant differences in the tPSA ranges of 0 to 6 (700 cases), 0 to 4 (510) and 0.5 to 2.5 ng/ml (253). Within the tPSA range of 2.5 to 4 ng/ml (230 cases) the AUC for cPSA (0.61) was significantly larger than that for tPSA (Roche 0.51, Bayer 0.54) but did not differ from the AUC of f/tPSA (Roche). On the basis of the cutoffs for 95% specificity or sensitivity, no significant increase in corresponding sensitivity or specificity was found between tPSA with cPSA. CONCLUSIONS: In the tPSA range of less than 4 ng/ml no improvement in diagnostic accuracy was shown between cPSA with tPSA or the ratio of f/tPSA. The search for a useful marker in the low PSA range must continue.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Serum osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand as indicators of disturbed osteoclastogenesis in patients with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the behavior and diagnostic usefulness of the osteoclastogenesis proteins osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in the serum of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum osteoprotegerin and RANKL were retrospectively measured in 117 patients with prostate cancer, including 39 with stage pN0M0, 34 with stage pN1M0 and 44 with bone metastases, in 35 presumably healthy men and in 35 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The association of these components with clinical data (tumor stage and grade) and receiver operating characteristics curves compared with the bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase and bone resorption marker crosslaps (cross-linked C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen) were calculated. RESULTS: Osteoprotegerin was increased in patients with bone metastases, while those with localized cancer or lymph node metastases had values similar to those in presumably healthy controls and patients with BPH. RANKL did not differ among the control, BPH and PCa subgroups. Thus, the ratio of osteoprotegerin-to-RANKL showed behavior similar to that of osteoprotegerin. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL did not show any significant correlation with tumor stage, histological tumor grade, total prostate specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase activity or crosslaps. ROC analysis data proved that osteoprotegerin had a better diagnostic accuracy than alkaline phosphatase or crosslaps for detecting bone metastases in PCa cases. CONCLUSIONS: Serum osteoprotegerin but not RANKL indicates disturbed osteoclastogenesis in patients with PCa and bone metastatic spread. It could be used as a marker for bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of eight computer programs for receiver-operating characteristic analysis.

BACKGROUND: ROC analysis is widely accepted to assess and compare diagnostic validity of laboratory tests. Within the last few years, many new ROC programs have become available but have not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess different ROC programs regarding their ease of use, mathematical correctness, final output, and their compatibility with other graphics programs. METHODS: Eight available programs running under Windows (AccuROC, Analyse-It, CMDT, GraphROC, MedCalc, mROC, ROCKIT, and SPSS) were evaluated. ROC analyses of prostate-specific antigen and related values were performed from a dataset of 928 men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia and corresponding subsets. Criteria such as data input, data output, and correctness and completeness of results were used to evaluate the practicability of the programs. RESULTS: Although the programs produced equivalent results (areas under the curves and their characteristics), we observed deficiencies concerning input of data, processing of the output data, and completeness of the results. Analyse-It, AccuROC, and MedCalc exhibited good performance, but each program had different shortcomings. Only GraphROC could compare curves at a certain sensitivity or specificity cutoff. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate ROC analysis and ROC plotting cannot be performed with a single program. Analyse-It, AccuROC, and MedCalc can be recommended with certain limitations. Further improvements of the programs are necessary.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2003

Determination of non-alpha1-antichymotrypsin-complexed prostate-specific antigen as an indirect measurement of free prostate-specific antigen: analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy.

BACKGROUND: A new assay measures prostate-specific antigen (PSA) not complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (nACT-PSA) after removing PSA complexed to ACT by use of anti-ACT antibodies. We evaluated nACT-PSA and its ratio to total PSA (tPSA) as alternatives to free PSA (fPSA) and its ratio to tPSA in differentiating prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients with tPSA of 2-20 micro g/L. METHODS: PSA in serum of 183 untreated patients with PCa and 132 patients with BPH was measured retrospectively on the chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer LIAISON(R) (Byk-Sangtec Diagnostica) with the LIAISON tPSA and LIAISON fPSA assays. The nACT-PSA fraction was determined with a prototype assay measuring the residual PSA after precipitation of ACT-PSA with an ACT-precipitating reagent. RESULTS: nACT-PSA was higher than fPSA in samples with fPSA concentrations <1 microg/L but lower in samples with >1 microg/L fPSA. The median ratios of fPSA/tPSA and of nACT-PSA/tPSA were significantly different between patients with BPH and PCa (19.4% vs 12.2% and 17.4% vs 13.0%, respectively). Within the tPSA ranges tested (2-20, 2-10, and 4-10 microg/L), areas under the ROC curves for the fPSA/tPSA ratios were significantly larger than those for nACT-PSA/tPSA. In the tPSA ranges <10 microg/L, the areas under the ROC curves for fPSA/tPSA were significantly larger than those for tPSA, whereas the areas for nACT-PSA/tPSA were not. At decision limits for 95% sensitivity and specificity, both ratios significantly increased specificity and sensitivity, respectively, compared with tPSA, but the fPSA/tPSA ratio showed higher values. CONCLUSIONS: nACT-PSA and its ratio to tPSA provide lower diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than fPSA/tPSA. The fPSA/tPSA ratio represents the state-of-the-art method for differentiating between PCa and BPH.

Aged↗