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Biomedical subjects

K Yokoi

Publications and source records attributed to K Yokoi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A report on the hygienic status of sacred "temizu" water in shrines].

The quality of the sacred "temizu" water in shrines in Kyoto was surveyed. It was found that the sources of "temizu" were the municipal water supply or domestic wells and that the "temizu" was usually used for washing the hands and mouth, while in certain shrines it was drunk as well. Of 50 visitors responding to questions, 26 persons said that they drank "temizu". In some shrines using the municipal water supply as "temizu", the free residual chlorine concentration was lower than that in the municipal water supply itself. Contamination of "temizu" by Escherichia coli or Aeromonas hydrophila was observed in some shrines.

Hand Disinfection↗
PubMed1991

[S100a0 protein and creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B & CK-M) in serum and urine might be useful markers for non specific tissue damages by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)].

In order to demonstrate that the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urolithiasis causes a renal damage, we immunoassayed S100a0 protein and creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B & CK-M) in the serum and urine from patients with renal stone (N = 21) and those with ureteral stone (N = 18) before and after ESWL. S100a0 protein and CK-B, which are localized in the proximal renal tubules at relatively high concentrations, were enhanced more or less both in the urine and serum samples after the treatment in both groups of patients. Since CK-M, which is mainly localized in muscle tissue, also increased in both groups of patients, S100a0 protein and CK-B may be derived not only from kidney, but also from muscle tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Five-day continuous infusion of vindesine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer--clinical pharmacokinetics of vindesine].

We administered vindesine (VDS) as a single agent at a dose of 1.2 mg/m2/day for 5 days by continuous infusion in 6 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, and studied the pharmacokinetics of VDS. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of VDS was 6.9 ng/ml and the area under the curve (AUC) was 803 ng.hr/ml. The AUC achieved for VDS was 2.5 times higher after continuous infusion than that observed when 3 mg/m2 of VDS was given by bolus iv injection. Among six patients were 2 PR, including one PR achieved using a 5-day continuous infusion of VDS after failure to respond to cisplatin plus VDS (bolus injection). Severe leukopenia was observed, but it was clinically manageable. The AUC exposure of VDS is greater with the longer infusion periods, and this might improve efficacy compared to conventional bolus injection treatments. The need for further studies appears warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Psychological studies of emotional changes in children undergoing dental treatment. 1. Changes in plethysmogram.

This study was designed to examine the influence of children's personality traits and parents' child-rearing attitudes on children's internal behaviors before and after treatment. As an indicator of emotional changes, polygraph data and particularly plethysmograms were compared with psychological analysis data of children's personality traits and parental child-rearing attitudes. The subjects were 40 children with slightly carious primary molars, who were out-patients at Aichi-Gakuin University Dental Hospital. The results show that the emotional changes of children undergoing dental procedures are, in fact, observed at the resting pre-treatment stage, and that they are influenced by various factors, including parental child-rearing attitudes and children's personality traits. More over, in the resting post-treatment stage, these factors impinge upon children's emotions in a more complicated manner.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Usefulness of alprazolam in controlling cisplatin-induced emesis].

Usefulness of alprazolam for control of chemotherapy-induced emesis including 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin for advanced lung cancer was evaluated by a randomized crossover design. Of 22 cases evaluated, 8 in the alprazolam group and 1 in the untreated group were free from nausea and vomiting (p less than 0.01). The mean frequency of vomiting in the alprazolam group was 1.18 times, which is significantly smaller than 2.25 times in the untreated group (p less than 0.05). The mean duration of vomiting and nausea was significantly shorter in the alprazolam group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). It is thus concluded that concomitant therapy with the minor tranquilizer alprazolam is useful in treating cisplatin-induced acute or delayed emesis in which psychological and psychiatric factors are involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Antitumor effect of direct intra-tumor administration of OK-432 on malignant glioma: basic and clinical observations].

In this study, we tried to examine the efficacy of a cytotoxic factor which is induced by periodic, repeated local administration of OK-432 into the tumor cavity of malignant glioma patients. OK-432 was administered intratumorally via a tube to 4 malignant glioma patients on Days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 in doses of 0.5 KE, 1 KE, 2 KE, and 3 KE, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected several times during the 24-hour period beginning immediately after the administration on Day 12. The CSF was added to the culture medium of rat glioma cells (GA-1 and C-6) in order to observe the cytotoxic effect morphologically. The clinical efficacy in the patients was evaluated from the changes in tumor size observed by CT. CSF collected from the tumor cavity of 3 patients was bloody. By adding this bloody CSF, a significant morphological cytotoxic effect was observed on both the GA-1 and C-6 glioma cells in culture. The level of cytotoxicity was higher with the bloody fluid collected at 4 to 24 hours after the final administration than with the bloody fluid collected immediately after the final administration. The cytotoxic effect of this fluid was stronger than that of rabbit TNF (tumor necrosis factor) serum induced with P. acnes and LPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of axial multiplanar reconstruction CT for the diagnosis of small nodular lesions in the peripheral lung].

Our study investigated the relationships between tumors and surrounding structures, particularly vessels and bronchi within lesions in the periphery of the lung. We performed axial multiplanar reconstruction CT (AMPR-CT) with a Toshiba TCT-900S scanner, as well as conventional CT (Conv. CT) and CR tomography (CR tomo.). We examined 19 patients with pulmonary lesions who later underwent surgical resection (12 with lung cancer, 1 with metastatic tumor, 1 with hamartoma, 2 with tuberculoma, and 3 with pulmonary granuloma) of a total of 43 patients with small nodular lesions less than 3 cm in diameter. AMPR-CT, Conv. CT, and CR tomo. were compared against resected specimens. The accuracy of each modality to detect involvement of bronchus, the pulmonary artery, and vein was AMPR-CT 50%:93%:91%, Conv. CT 47%:76%:55% and CR tomo. 37%:55%:42%, respectively. AMPR-CT was judged superior to both Conv. CT and CR tomo. In conclusions: 1) That AMPR-CT permits easier visualization of vessels and bronchi, and 2) That AMPR-CT is more effective than Conv. CT examinations in the morphological assessment of small nodular lesions. Thus, AMPR-CT is a useful new approach to the diagnosis of lesions in the lung.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Effect of dietary tin deficiency on growth and mineral status in rats.

To clarify the influence of dietary tin deficiency on growth and mineral status, the following two different synthetic diets were fed to male Wistar rats: group 1--a diet containing 1.99 micrograms tin/g; group 2--a diet containing 17 ng tin/g. The rats in group 2 showed poor growth, lowered response to sound, and alopecia, with decreased food efficiency compared with rats in group 1. The changes of mineral concentrations in tissues observed in group 2, compared with group 1, are summarized as follows: calcium concentration in lung increased; magnesium concentration in lung decreased; iron concentrations in spleen and kidney increased; iron concentration in femoral muscle decreased; zinc concentration in heart decreased; copper concentrations in heart and tibia decreased; manganese concentrations in femoral muscle and tibia decreased. These results suggest that tin may be essential for rat growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Phase II study of 5-day continuous infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) was given as a single agent at a dose of 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days by continuous infusion; treatment was repeated every 4 weeks in 30 previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The median age of the patients was 61 years; 13 patients had limited disease and 17, extensive disease. The overall response rate was 40% (12/30; 95% confidence limits, 23-58%), with a median survival of 8 months. Vomiting was observed in 37% of patients; elevated serum creatinine levels (greater than 1.5 mg/dl), in 7%; leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3), in 39%; thrombocytopenia (less than 70,000/mm3), in 26%; and anemia (hemoglobin less than 9.5 g/dl), in 60% of patients. In all cases, these toxicities were mild and transient, requiring no dose modification. The exposure to filterable platinum, determined from the area under the concentration-time curve, was 9.08 +/- 3.21 micrograms h ml-1. We conclude that CDDP given by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion is safe and effective for treatment of NSCLC.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Determination of tin in biological samples using gaseous hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.

A highly sensitive method determining for sub-microgram/gram levels of tin in biological samples is described. Tin hydride reduced by sodium borohydride and trichloroacetic acid solution was introduced into inductively coupled plasma after separation of liquid and excess hydrogen by an improved gas/liquid separator, and emission intensity was measured at a wavelength of 189.989 nm. Samples were decomposed by a nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture and analyzed after dilution by a standard addition technique. The relative standard deviation was 1.2% for a 10 ng/ml tin standard solution with a detection limit of 30 pg/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Small nodular lesions in the lung periphery: new approach to diagnosis with CT.

To evaluate relationships between lesions in the lung periphery and surrounding structures, particularly vessels and bronchi, axial multiplanar reconstruction (AMPR) computed tomography (CT) was used to study 26 patients who underwent surgical resection of pulmonary nodules less than 3 cm in diameter. Findings at AMPR CT, conventional CT, and digital radiographic tomography were compared with findings obtained at evaluation of the resected specimen with regard to the ability to display the relationships between vessels, bronchi, and lesions. AMPR CT was significantly superior to conventional CT and digital radiographic tomography in detecting involvement of pulmonary vessels (P less than .001). Involvement of pulmonary veins was seen in all lung cancers, whereas such involvement was seen in only one of eight nonneoplastic lesions. Thus, involvement of pulmonary veins is strongly suggestive of malignancy. AMPR CT permits three-dimensional visualization and morphologic assessment of pulmonary nodules.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on intracranial pressure in a congenital hydrocephalic model].

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which was discovered from rat atria, has been implicated in the regulation of systemic water and electrolyte balances. Recently, ANP and that specific receptor was identified in rat brain. These observations suggest the additional central effect of ANP. In this study, the effect of ANP on the intracranial pressure, brain water content and brain sodium concentration was studied with congenital hydrocephalus rats (HTX strain). This strain of rat has a high incidence of congenital hydrocephalus (50%), and the survival period of hydrocephalic rat was 4-5 weeks. Using this hydrocephalic HTX rats, the intracranial pressure was measured through the fine needle of 26 gauge which was placed in the ventricle stereotaxically. The water content was measured by dry-weight method. The brain tissue sodium concentration was measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimazu Corp., AA-670). Because ANP did not pass through the blood-brain barrier, ANP was administered into the cerebral ventricle with direct puncture. Intraventricular administration of 2 micrograms of alpha-hANP decreased the intracranial pressure significantly (p less than 0.01), from 5.25 +/- 0.60 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg to 3.00 +/- 0.35 mmHg (n = 10), from 7.38 +/- 1.13 mmHg to 5.20 +/- 1.32 mmHg (n = 5) after 40 minute in both 21 and 28 days HTX rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of invasive thymoma displaying endobronchial polypoid growth].

A 58-year-old woman was admitted due to an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film and two episodes of hemoptysis during the past two years. Chest radiography showed a mass with calcification in the left upper lobe of the lung. A white polypoid lesion in left B3b + c bronchus was discovered by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Biopsy specimen of the polypoid lesion demonstrated fungi like aspergilli in the necrotic tissue. We suspected pulmonary aspergillosis combined with old tuberculosis and treated with antifungal and antituberculous drugs. After nine months, however, we recognized that the mass had become larger radiologically. A polypoid tumor with a brown, glossy surface in the left B3 bronchus was again noted endoscopically. Histologic findings of the biopsy specimen obtained from this tumor were suggestive of thymoma. Thymectomy and left upper lobectomy were performed. The cross-section of the surgical specimen revealed that the tumor extended not only in the mediastinum but also in the pulmonary parenchyma with polypoid growth into the lumina of bronchi. Microscopically, the tumor was an invasive thymoma composed of both epithelial and lymphocytic elements.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

[A resected case of endobronchial metastasis from breast carcinoma].

A 54-year-old woman, who had received left radical mastectomy 12 years previously, was admitted with persistent cough and hemoptysis. Plain chest X-ray film showed no abnormality but fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed that a polypoid lesion occluded the right truncus and the surrounding bronchial mucosa was firm and edematous. Biopsy specimen demonstrated adenocarcinoma. Right middle and lower sleeve bilobectomy was performed. The tumor occupied mainly the outer and submucosal layer of the bronchial wall. Histologically, this tumor showed scirrhous adenocarcinoma with the same pathologic appearance as the primary breast lesion. It is considered that endobronchial metastasis from breast carcinoma is not particularly uncommon, therefore any patient with a past history of breast cancer and respiratory symptoms should undergo fiberoptic bronchoscopy, particularly when the chest X-ray is normal or shows non-specific changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of iohexol in excretory urography].

Excretory urography was performed using iohexol (Omnipaque 300 and Omnipaque 350) on 388 patients requiring urography in the Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine and 10 affiliated hospitals. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 cases (0.8%), but they were all mild. Good image efficacy was obtained in more than 95% of the patients injected 20 ml, 40 ml, and 100 ml of Omnipaque 300 and 40 ml of Omnipaque 350. There was no difference in the results of image efficacy between 40 ml (Omnipaque 300) and 100 ml (Omnipaque 300) groups. Therefore, the use of 40 ml of Omnipaque 300 for excretory urography was considered to be a very useful screening method for the urinary tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of total parenteral nutrition containing essential trace elements on their concentrations in rats].

Twenty-four rats were equally divided into 4 groups and maintained for 1 week as follows: Group A (normal control) with a synthetic normal diet and distilled water, group B with conventional total parenteral nutrition (TPN), i.e., TPN without essential trace elements (ETE), group C with TPN supplemented with a usual dose of ETE solution (TE-5), and group D with TPN supplemented with 3 times the usual dose of TE-5. Body weight, trace element concentrations in various tissues and certain blood biochemical parameters were determined in these rats. The results were as follows: 1) No significant differences in body weight were observed among the groups. 2) The iron concentrations in plasma and tibia decreased significantly in group B as compared with group A. The addition of TE-5 prevented these decreases, but dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of iron were observed in liver, spleen and kidney (groups C and D). 3) The zinc concentrations in plasma, whole blood, brain, heart, kidney and tibia decreased significantly in group B as compared with group A. The addition of TE-5 prevented these decreases dose-dependently (groups C and D). 4) The copper concentrations in plasma, whole blood, liver, spleen, kidney, testis and tibia decreased significantly in group B as compared with group A. The addition of TE-5 resulted in a tendency for these decreases to diminish (groups C and D). 5) The manganese concentrations of whole blood in group B decreased significantly as compared with group A. The addition of TE-5 caused the manganese concentrations of various tissues in groups C and D to increase significantly as compared with group A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of the dosage and route of manganese administration on manganese concentration in rat brain].

We investigated the differences in manganese concentration and distribution in the brains of rats administered MnCl2 perorally, intravenously and intraperitoneally for one week. Forty two male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, designated A to H. Groups A (n = 5) and B (n = 7) were maintained with synthetic diets, with 50 and 1000 mg manganese per kg diets, respectively. Groups C (n = 5), D (n = 5) and E (n = 5) were administered manganese intravenously with dosages of 0.088, 0.88 and 2.2 mg/kg.b.w./day, respectively. Groups F (n = 5), G (n = 5) and H (n = 5) were administered manganese intraperitoneally with dosages of 0.088, 0.88 and 2.2 mg/kg.b.w/day, respectively. Four brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum, basal ganglia and the remainder) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for manganese. The manganese concentrations in basal ganglia were increased proportionally to the administration dosages in intravenous administration groups (C, D and E). At the highest dosage of manganese administration, manganese concentrations in cerebrum and basal ganglia were higher with intravenous administration of manganese than with intraperitoneal administration. In addition, manganese concentrations were hardly increased in peroral administration groups. Therefore, we suggested that basal ganglia are vulnerable to manganese exposure and that liver and intestine might play the important roles in the reduction of manganese accumulation in the central nervous system.

Animals↗