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Biomedical subjects

K Yano

Publications and source records attributed to K Yano.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The results of logistic analyses when the variables are highly correlated: an empirical example using diet and CHD incidence.

We provide an example which includes highly correlated variables in multivariate logistic analyses relating four nutrients to the incidence of coronary heart disease in 10 years for over 7000 men. Paradoxical results occur for both the inferences to be drawn and variable selection. Different models exist which show that any particular variable both is and is not related significantly to coronary heart disease incidence, and step-up and step-down variable selection algorithms provide drastically different results.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1984

Autostimulatory adherent cells in the spleen of aging mice: characterization in the syngeneic host-versus-graft reaction.

Enlargement of the popliteal lymph node (PLN) of 6-week-old mice were elicited by the footpad injection of spleen cells of sex-matched, syngeneic, older mice, but not of 6-week-old mice, in a fashion of host-vs.-graft reaction. Effective stimulating cells in the inoculum seem to be Ia-bearing adherent cells. On the other hand, neither B and T cells nor immunoglobulin-secreting cells were effective for host T cell stimulation. Among nonlymphocytic adherent cells, only those attached to plastic dishes after a 24 h-incubation, enriched in macrophages, showed the stimulatory activity for the young recipients, while cells which had adhered once but detached and became non-adherent during a 24 h-incubation or a crude non-macrophage fraction did not induce the PLN response. Thus, the age-related antigenic change may occur on macrophages but not on dendritic cells. The effective cells should be alive, heat-killed cells being impotent to elicite the response. Such spleen adherent cells of aged mice were found to be also stimulative for age-matched recipients, when they are older than 3 months. Autostimulation by macrophages might be responsible, at least in part, for the age-related change of immune functions.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence of mental retardation (MR) in Kurume City.

For the purpose of early detection and intervention in mentally handicapped children, the mental retardation (MR) Monitoring Research Committee in Japan initiated a survey in 1981 to determine the prevalence rate and etiology of MR children who had been born between 1969 and 1974, that's those currently from 7 to 12 years of age, living in Kurume City. We found 154 MR children, and that the prevalence ratios in each year group ranged from 5.7/1,000 to 8.1/1,000. The mean prevalence of MR out of all children in each age year group was 7.1/1,000. Of the 154 MR children, 109 were males (9.8/1,000) and 45 females (4.3/1,000), giving a male excess ratio of 2.4:1. The sex difference was significant (p less than 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic effect of cefotetan in an experimental local infection with facultative and obligate anaerobes in granuloma pouches in rats.

The therapeutic activities of cefotetan against experimentally induced infections with Escherichia coli. Serratia marcescens, Bacteroides fragilis or Fusobacterium mortiferum in the granuloma pouches of rats were compared with those of cefmetazole and cefazolin. Of these antibiotics, cefotetan showed the greatest therapeutic effect against the four bacterial infections after a single intramuscular administration. Cefotetan was found to give much higher pouch exudate concentrations than cefmetazole, and to show prolonged antibacterial levels even when compared with cefazolin. In the granuloma pouch, cefotetan produced similar morphological changes in the cells of E. coli NY-17 as have been observed in vitro by microscopy. Elongation and bulge formation were noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Psychosocial processes and general susceptibility to chronic disease.

The concept of general susceptibility to disease has developed as a unifying explanation for the findings that a variety of diseases are associated with certain social and cultural situations. This hypothesis was tested in a prospective study of 4251 men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii who answered a psychosocial questionnaire in 1971. The seven-year incidence rates of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and all deaths during the period December 1971-January 1979 were analyzed for association with individual questions and five summary scores measuring geographic and generational mobility, sociocultural and spousal inconsistency, and social networks. Among all questions and summary scores measuring mobility and inconsistency, there was only one statistically significant association with any disease, and this association was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the hypothesis. The measures of social networks were not associated with either the incidence of stroke, cancer, or all diseases combined, but were associated with coronary heart disease, as reported in detail earlier. The authors examined the joint interaction of the postulated stressful processes of mobility and inconsistency with the protective effects of social networks, with special attention to the men in the highest levels of mobility and inconsistency. They found no significant associations, and thus there was no support for the hypothesis that social networks are especially protective among persons in the highest levels of mobility and inconsistency. The inclusion of known health hazards, cigarette smoking, and high systolic blood pressure levels did not alter these findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program. Relationship to biologic and lifestyle characteristics.

In 10 years of follow-up of 7705 Japanese men living in Hawaii, aged 45-68 years and judged free of coronary heart disease (CHD) at the initial examination during 1965-1968, a total of 511 new CHD cases were identified: fatal CHD, 139; nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), 216; acute coronary insufficiency, 55; and uncomplicated angina pectoris (AP), 101. The incidence rate of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI for this cohort is less than half the rate for US whites and approximately twice the rate for Japanese men in Japan. The relationships of 14 biologic and lifestyle characteristics measured at baseline examination to the incidence of total CHD and specific manifestations of CHD were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. In bivariate analyses, all variables except heart rate were significantly related to the risk of total CHD after adjustment for age. However, when an independent contribution of each variable to CHD risk was evaluated in multiple logistic analyses in which all other variables were taken into account, the numbers of risk factors retaining significant associations varied by clinical subgroup of CHD. Among the characteristics studied, systolic blood pressure was the most powerful and consistent risk factor for all manifestations except AP. Cigarette smoking showed a similar pattern. Serum cholesterol was significantly associated with fatal CHD and nonfatal MI, but its contribution to CHD risk was less potent than systolic blood pressure or cigarette smoking. Glucose intolerance was strongly associated with fatal CHD, but with no other manifestations of CHD. Alcohol consumption demonstrated a strong protective effect upon fatal CHD and nonfatal MI. Uncomplicated AP was distinguished from other CHD manifestations by the lack of association with most of the known major risk factors for CHD, including blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program. Relationship to nutrient intake.

Nutrient intake was determined in over 8000 men of Japanese ancestry residing on the island of Oahu. Nutrient determination took place at the initial examination during the years 1965-1968. This report relates nutrient intake to the risk of developing coronary heart disease in the 10 years subsequent to the initial examination. Men who developed coronary heart disease had a lower average intake of calories, carbohydrates, starch, and vegetable protein than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. Men who developed coronary heart disease also had a higher mean intake of percentage of calories from protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. These men also had a significantly lower mean percentage of calories from carbohydrates and a higher mean ingestion of cholesterol per 1000 calories than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. In multivariate analyses including age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarettes smoked per day, and physical activity index, carbohydrates, vegetable protein, percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids, and percentage of calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids are no longer significantly related to incidence.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Bone mineral measurements among middle-aged and elderly Japanese residents in Hawaii.

Cross-sectional data of bone mineral content measured at five skeletal sites (distal radius and ulna, proximal radius and ulna, and os calcis) with single photon absorptiometry were obtained from a population of Japanese-Americans living in Hawaii, comprising 1368 men (aged 61-81 years) and 1098 women (aged 43-80 years). Age-specific mean values of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites were much greater for men than for women and decreased steadily with advancing age in both sexes. The decrease in bone mineral content with age across a 15-year age range was two to four times (depending on skeletal site) greater for women than for men. In multiple regression analyses, age, weight, and postmenopausal estrogen use were potent determinants of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites. Weight was more strongly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis than age in both sexes. Height was significantly related only to the forearm bones. Strenuous exercise was significantly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis and the distal ulna only in men. When compared with US Caucasians of comparable sex and age, the Japanese in Hawaii have lower bone mineral content of the radius. This may partly be explained by the difference in body size. Significant correlations were found between bone mineral content of appendicular bones and radiographically determined vertebral osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide (SM-1652) in humans.

The pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide (SM-1652) were studied after the intravenous administration of single or multiple doses to 21 healthy volunteers. The cefpiramide concentration in plasma at time zero after a bolus intravenous injection of 500 or 1,000 mg was 152 or 303 micrograms/ml, respectively. The maximum cefpiramide level in plasma at the end of a 1-h infusion of 1,000 or 2,000 mg was 166 or 317 micrograms/ml, respectively. The mean plasma half-life of cefpiramide in 15 subjects who received a single dose of 500 or 1,000 mg was 4.44 h. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in plasma when 500 or 1,000 mg of cefpiramide was administered 11 times at 12-h intervals. Urinary excretion of cefpiramide over a 24-h period was ca. 22.5%, regardless of the intravenous administration technique and the dosage. Fecal recoveries of cefpiramide varied from 0 to 36.9% in different subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gene responsible for protecting Escherichia coli from sodium dodecyl sulfate and toluidine blue plus light.

Escherichia coli cells were killed by visible light irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizing dye, toluidine blue. Two uvrB mutant strains of E. coli K-12 (AB1885 and N3-1) were much more sensitive than the isogenic uvrA and uvrC strains to treatment with toluidine blue plus light, suggesting that the uvrB+ gene product was involved in repair of DNA damage induced by the treatment. The uvrB+ gene cloned in a high- or low-copy-number plasmid was transformed into the uvrB strain (AB1885). Although all the transformants showed the same resistance as its wild-type strain (AB1157) to UV irradiation, they were as sensitive as AB1885 was to treatment with toluidine blue plus light. The two uvrB strains were more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate than the other strains, suggesting that these strains had a defect in the cell surface. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant revertant obtained from AB1885 was more resistant than AB1885 was to treatment with toluidine blue plus light. The two uvrB strains (AB1885 and N3-1) appear to have a defective gene (tentatively called dvl) different from uvrB. Its map position was around 7 min on the E. coli map.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA by oxidative stresses in Escherichia coli.

The relaxation of plasmid DNA was observed after the visible light irradiation of Escherichia coli AB1157 harboring plasmid pBR322 or some other plasmids in the presence of a photosensitizing dye, such as toluidine blue or acridine orange, and molecular oxygen. Treatment of the cells with hydroperoxides, such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, also caused the plasmid DNA relaxation in vivo. Relaxation was not observed in these treatments of purified pBR322 DNA in vitro. Plasmid DNA relaxation was also detected after near-UV irradiation. Far-UV irradiation did not induce such relaxation.

DNA, Superhelical↗
PubMed1984

Increase of translatable mRNA for major microsomal proteins in n-alkane-grown Candida maltosa.

In an n-alkane-assimilating Candida sp., transfer from glucose- to n-alkane-containing medium induced changes in the microsomal proteins, and several distinctive polypeptides were demonstrated in the solubilized microsomal fraction derived from n-alkane-grown cells. Long-term-labeling and pulse-labeling experiments in vivo demonstrated the synthesis of the specific microsomal polypeptides. The polypeptides were synthesized as in vitro translation products directed by polyadenylated RNA extracted from n-alkane-grown cells. Two major polypeptides were partially purified from the microsomal fraction from n-alkane-grown cells, and antiserum was prepared in a rabbit. Immunoprecipitation of these two polypeptides was accompanied by an increase in the amount of translatable mRNA. The molecular weights of the polypeptides derived from long-term-labeling, pulse-labeling and in vitro translation experiments appeared to be identical.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1984

[Indication of aorto-coronary bypass surgery for the infarcted myocardium: assessment using exercise T1-201 myocardial imagings].

Using exercise thallium-201 myocardial imagings, 23 patients with previous myocardial infarction were evaluated before and after aorto-coronary bypass graft (ACBG) surgery to assess the indication of the operation for the infarcted myocardium. The patients were categorized as group I with regional hypoperfusion and redistribution in the infarcted site (11 patients), and group II with regional hypoperfusion without redistribution (12 patients). Changes in the exercise tolerance before and after ACBG: By the criteria of Canadian Cardiovascular Society, clinical symptoms improved in nine of 11 patients (82%) in group I, and eight of 12 patients (67%) in group II. Pressure rate product improved significantly in group I (201 +/- 28% to 219 +/- 21% p less than 0.05), whereas it showed no significant change in group II (200 +/- 44% to 203 +/- 35%). Changes in the global left ventricular ejection fraction before and after ACBG: There was a significant increase in group I (63 +/- 11% to 68 +/- 9% p less than 0.02), whereas no significant change in group II (53 +/- 16% to 54 +/- 14%). Changes in myocardial perfusion in the infarcted segment before and after ACBG: Group I showed an increase in myocardial perfusion in all of the 11 (82%) except two patients with the occluded graft, and group II showed an increase in only two of the 12 patients (17%). Changes in wall motion abnormality in the infarcted segment before and after ACBG: Improvement of the wall motion abnormality was observed in eight of the 11 patients (73%) in group I, whereas only one of the 12 patients (8%) in group II. It is suggested that preoperative redistribution of the infarcted site in the delayed image suggests myocardial viability, and allows us to expect the postoperative improvement of myocardial hypoperfusion and wall motion abnormality.

Adult↗