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Biomedical subjects

K Y Kim

Publications and source records attributed to K Y Kim.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A case of carpal tunnel syndrome due to dialysis-related amyloidosis in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is characterized by burning pain, numbness and tingling sensation in the thumb, index and middle fingers and the lateral half of the palm and progressive atrophy of the thenar muscles by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to a variety of etiologic factors. Surgical intervention usually successfully relieves symptoms of CTS. Recently CTS has been regarded as one of the major clinical manifestations of dialysis-related amyloidosis due to beta 2-microglobulin deposition and recognized with increasing frequency in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. We report a case of carpal tunnel syndrome due to dialysis-related amyloidosis in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis, confirmed by electromyography and biopsy in transverse carpal ligament and median nerve.

Amyloid Neuropathies↗
PubMed1997

Effects of chronic ethanol on the mobilization of arachidonate and docosahexaenoate stimulated by the type 2A serotonin receptor agonist (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride in C6 glioma cells.

We studied the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on the mobilization of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by activation of the type 2A serotonin receptor in C6 glioma cells. In our in vitro model, we prelabeled cells with [3H]arachidonate and [14C]docosahexaenonate and subsequently stimulated with the type 2A serotonin receptor agonist (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride. In as early as 10 days of exposure to 20 or 50 mM ethanol, the (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride-simulated mobilization of [3H]arachidonic acid [[3H]AA) and [14C]docosahexaenoic acid ([14C]DHA) was significantly inhibited, and this inhibition was accompanied by decreased mobilization of intracellular [Ca2+]i. Exposure to ethanol did not alter significantly the release of [3H]AA and [14C]DHA stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 nor the incorporation of [3H]AA and [14C]DHA into cellular lipids. Decreased mobilization of polyunsaturated fatty acids and calcium in astroglia may contribute to neurotoxicity caused by chronic ethanol exposure.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1996

Control of scarring in adult wounds using antisense transforming growth factor-beta 1 oligodeoxynucleotides.

Adult wounds heal with scar formation, whereas fetal wounds heal without scarring and with a lesser inflammatory and cytokine response. We reasoned that a strategy employing antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) complementary to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-1 mRNA might decrease the scarring of dermal wounds in the mouse. To evaluate this concept, we tested the effects of antisense ODN targeted to TGF-beta 1 mRNA by topical application of the ODN on the skin wound. Phosphorothioation of ODN to retard their degradation. When antisense TGF-beta 1 ODN were applied on the wound site, there was marked reduction of scarring compared with a control wound site. This effect of antisense TGF-beta 1 ODN on scar formation was associated with decreased expression of the TGF-B1 gene. However, sense TGF-beta 1 ODN had no effect on the expression of the TGF-beta 1 gene. In addition, control wounds healed with excessive fibrosis compared with the antisense-treated wounds. In conclusion, our results indicate that antisense TGF-beta 1 ODN could be used for ameliorating scar formation during wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional visualization of Salmonella attachment to poultry skin using confocal scanning laser microscopy.

The objective of this study was to locate the position of attached or entrapped Salmonella cells in poultry skin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to obtain optical sections of intact poultry skin without artefacts associated with dehydration and other sample preparation techniques. A technique was developed to prevent compression of the poultry skin during CSLM operation. Images of bacteria and poultry skin were obtained after staining with Pyronin-Y. Data indicated that Salmonella cells were mostly located in the cervices and feather follicles. Salmonella in feather follicle floated freely in surrounding liquid even after the skin was thoroughly rinsed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of symptomatic cardiomyopathy induced during treatment with clozapine, an antipsychotic of the dibenzodiazepine class. CASE SUMMARY: A patient with a long psychiatric history significant for schizophrenia and no prior cardiac history developed dyspnea, malaise, and edema with a low ventricular ejection fraction during clozapine therapy. DISCUSSION: The literature concerning cardiorespiratory complications with clozapine therapy is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory complications associated with clozapine use are rare. Caution may be warranted in patients treated with other medications, such as benzodiazepines, and in patients with underlying cardiac disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on cognitive function in postoperative cardiac surgical patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of delirium in postoperative cardiac surgical patients treated with either cimetidine or ranitidine. METHOD: Cardiac surgery patients were randomized to receive either cimetidine or ranitidine postoperatively. Each patient underwent three Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE) and the medical record was reviewed for pertinent past medical history, laboratory data, and evidence of delirium on three occasions: one day preoperatively (before H-2 blocker was given), in the early postoperative period (while receiving the H-2 blocker); usually two days postoperatively on the day of hospital discharge (several days after the H2 blocker had been discontinued). RESULTS: Overall, both groups in the early postoperative period showed a significant decrease in the MMSE score (27.11 +/- 4.44 to 25.38 +/-2.87, mean +/- SD; t = 5.16, p < .0005), which resolved by the time of hospital discharge. There was no significant difference between cimetidine and ranitidine. Both age and preoperative MMSE score were strongly associated with the development of delirium. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant difference between cimetidine's versus ranitidine's effect upon cognitive functioning in the postoperative cardiac surgical patient. This was true even when controlling for age and length of stay.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biostatic activity of Coix lacryma seed extract on Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages.

Water extract of Coix lacryma seeds (Co-Ex) was separated into several components; dissolved with Tris-Cl buffer and the supernatant (WC1), ammonium sulfate treatment supernatant (WC2) and the pellet (WC3), QAE column chromatography of WC1 and the peak portions; WC4, WC5 and WC6. Murine peritoneal macrophages in DMEM containing 10% heat-inactivated FCS were infected with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, RH strain, in vitro. By adding modulators such as Co-Ex, WC1,2,3,4,5,6 and LPS or IFN-gamma for 24 hrs, toxoplasmastatic activity of macrophages was examined in relation to nitrite production. Nitrite production of macrophages was enhanced especially in the series of WC2, WC1 and the combination sample (WC1+WC2+WC3) by order, than other components or fractions (WC4, WC5, WC6) tested. Toxoplasmastatic actions such as percentage of the macrophages infected by T. gondii and fold increase of T. gondii in macrophages showed retroverse relations with the amount of nitrite production; i.e., as nitric oxide (NO) increased the phagocytic index of macrophages and the fold increase of tachyzoites in macrophages decreased. Nitrite (NO2) production was increased by adding IFN-gamma in all cases together with enhancement of biostatic effects. Through the results obtained, it is speculated that some components other than the non-proteinous and defatted components in Coix lacryma seeds may contribute to activate macrophages through induction of NO for the biostatic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microsomal cytochrome P450-mediated liver and brain anandamide metabolism.

Anandamide (AN) is an arachidonic acid congener, found in the brain, that binds to the cannabinoid receptor and elicits cannabinoid-like pharmacological activity. Cytochromes P450 (P450s) are known to oxidize arachidonic acid to a wide variety of metabolites, yielding many physiologically potent compounds. To determine if AN could be similarly oxidized by P450s, its metabolism by mouse liver and brain microsomes was examined. Mouse hepatic microsomal incubation of AN with NADPH resulted in the generation of at least 20 metabolites, determined after HPLC separation by increased UV-absorbance at 205 nm. Pretreatment of mice with various P450 inducers resulted in increased hepatic microsomal formation of several AN metabolites, with dexamethasone being the most effective inducer. Phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in a metabolic profile similar to that observed after dexamethasone pretreatment, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment selectively increased the formation of several other metabolites. Clofibrate pretreatment had no effect on hepatic AN metabolism. Polyclonal antibodies prepared against mouse hepatic P450 3A inhibited the formation of several AN metabolites by hepatic microsomes from untreated mice as well as the formation of those metabolites found to be increased after dexamethasone pretreatment. AN metabolism by brain microsomes resulted in the formation of two NADPH- and protein-dependent metabolites. Hepatic P450 3A antibody partially inhibited the formation of only one of these metabolites. Thus, P450 3A is a major contributor to AN metabolism in the liver but not in the brain. The physiological consequences of P450-mediated AN metabolism remain to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Reduced level of octamer binding transcription factor (Oct-1) is correlated with H2B histone gene repression during differentiation of HL-60 cells by all-trans retinoic acid.

To gain insight on the role of transacting factors in the regulatory mechanism of H2B histone gene expression during the differentiation of HL-60 cells by all-trans retinoic acid (retinoic acid), the binding pattern of the nuclear proteins to various elements in the human H2B histone upstream region has been investigated with DNase I footprinting and DNA mobility shift assay. The level of H2B histone mRNA was markedly reduced at 48 hr in retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells. The H2B histone mRNA was repressed in proportion to the concentration of retinoic acid. In DNase I footprinting analysis, a nuclear factor (octamer binding transcription factor, Oct-1) bound at -42 bp (ATTTGCAT) both before and after retinoic-acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. One DNA-protein complex was formed by DNA mobility shift assay, and the level of Oct-1 decreased during retinoic-acid-induced differentiation. In the cycloheximide-treated HL-60 cells, the level of Oct-1 also reduced. These results suggest that the transcriptional repression of H2B histone gene during retinoic-acid-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by reduced level of Oct-1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Clomipramine treatment of paraphilias in elderly demented patients.

Sexually inappropriate conduct often accompanies the disinhibition associated with dementia and neuropsychologic deficits. Management of these behaviors is problematic and time consuming. We report two cases in which paraphilias responded to treatment with clomipramine. This effect was not due to the sexual side effects of the drug (e.g., decreased ability to sustain an erection or orgasm). Careful monitoring of the elderly patient is required during treatment with clomipramine, particularly with regard to orthostasis, the increased risk of falls, and worsened confusion secondary to the potential risks of anticholinergic delirium and toxicity.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline: effects of hepatic fibrosis in rats induced bile duct ligation.

This experiment was performed to evaluate the usefulness of an experimental fibrosis model by bile duct ligation as a pharmacokinetic model of a disease state. First, experimental liver fibrosis was produced by bile duct ligation. At 4 weeks postoperation, a fibrotic condition was characterized by measurement of the aminoterminal procollagen type III peptide (PIIINP) level in serum, total collagen content in liver and light microscopic histology. Four weeks after bile duct ligation there was an increase in total collagen content of the liver to 430% of the initial values, accompanied by an increase of serum-PIIINP (385%). Secondly, we examined the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the fibrotic rat induced by bile duct ligation. An i.v. dose of 8 mg of theophylline per kg of body weight was administered, and the levels of theophylline in serum were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. The area under the serum concentration-time curve of theophylline was increased significantly in fibrotic rats compared with that of the control, and the total clearance of drug in fibrotic rats was low, averaging 22.6 mg/kg/h vs. 36.1 and 60.9 ml/kg/h in the control and the normal rat, respectively. However, the value of distribution during the beta-phase was not significantly affected by experimental liver fibrosis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1995

Huge Langerhans cell histiocytosis granuloma of choroid plexus in a child with Hand-Schüller-Christian disease. Case report.

In the literature, only two previous cases of presumed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) granuloma involving choroid plexus have been reported in patients with Hand-Schüller-Christian (HSC) disease, but those cases were not verified by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy. The authors report a case of LCH granuloma of the choroid plexuses of bilateral lateral ventricles and the fourth ventricle in a child affected by HSC disease. This disease was confirmed by the presence of Birbeck granules on electron microscopy and positive reactivity to S-100 protein. Clinical, radiographic, and histological features are discussed. This case illustrates that LCH granuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular masses.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1995

1991 cancer incidence in Seoul, Korea: results of the Implementation Study of the Seoul Cancer Registry.

This article presents the results of the Implementation Study of the Seoul Cancer Registry, which started in July, 1991 as a population based cancer registry in Seoul, Korea. The completeness and validity of the registered data were evaluated using Mortality/Incidence ratio (M/I ratio), Histologically Verified Cases (HV%), Primary Site Uncertain (PSU%), and Age Unknown (Age UNK%). Owing to the additional active surveillance, the completeness of the data turned out to be fairly acceptable, except for the aged over 75(Mortality/Incidence ratio was over 100%). Eventhough the Seoul cancer registry(SCR) has further way to go in the completeness especially among elderly persons, the validity of SCR data was also acceptable in terms of HV%, PSU%, and Age UNK%. However, PSU% and Age UNK% might need to be further reduced to be comparable with other well established cancer registries. The age standardized incidence rates(ASR) of all cancers between July 1, 1991 and June 30, 1992 were 232.4/100,000 in males and 147.9/100,000 in females. The top five major sites of cancers in Seoul were the stomach, liver, lung, colo-rectum, and bladder in order in males, and the uterine cervix, stomach, breast, colo-rectum, and liver in females. Those 5 cancer sites comprised 68.9% and 64.7% of the total cancer incidence in males and females, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Detection of Toxoplasma antigens and antibodies in mice infected with different strains of Toxoplasma gondii].

This study aims to assess the possible strain-dependent variations in detection of Toxoplasma antigens and antibodies. The virulent RH strain or avirulent Beverley strain of T. gondii were injected into mice, intraperitoneally, and their antigens, antibodies and parasites were identified from the blood or tissues; liver, brain and spleen by ELISA, Western blot and PCR. In mice infected with RH strain, circulating antigens and parasitemia were first detected from 2 days after infection, and Toxoplasma DNA were found in the blood, liver, brain and spleen from 3 days after infection. It was impossible to detect specific IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and any specific band was not found by Western blot. In mice infected with Beverley strain, circulating antigens were detected between day 10 and day 35. The Toxoplasma DNA was found in the blood and liver from day 15 until day 60, and in the brain from day 20. But Toxoplasma DNA in the spleen were mainly detected between day 10 and day 30. The IgM antibodies were first appeared on day 10 post-infection, and were noted obviously increased between day 15 and 25. The IgG antibodies were first detected on day 15, and showed progressively increased titers. The antibody binding bands were specific according to infection period. Sera from mice infected with Beverley strain reacted mainly with the antigen of 27.5-kDa and 32.5-kDa. In conclusion, mice infected with RH strain revealed Toxoplasma antigens strongly, but not antibodies. However, mice infected with Beverley strain revealed both the Toxoplasma antigens and antibodies. The present results showed that immune responses are different between avirulent and virulent T. gondii.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of cannabidiol pretreatment on the kinetics of tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites in mouse brain.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major constituent of marijuana, and several of its metabolites are psychoactive in humans. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, inhibits hepatic microsomal THC metabolism and also modulates subjective psychological responses to THC in humans. Treatment of mice with CBD markedly decreased the hepatic microsomal in vitro formation of the major THC metabolites, 6 alpha-OH-THC and 7-OH-THC and increased formation of the minor metabolite 6 beta-OH-THC. THC blood levels were modestly elevated after CBD pretreatment and THC administration, compared with untreated controls, and area under the curve (AUC) of THC increased 50% as a function of decreased clearance. CBD pretreatment modestly increased the Cmax, AUC, or t1/2 of the major THC metabolites in the blood, whereas those kinetic parameters for 6 beta-OH-THC were dramatically increased. Changes in brain concentrations and kinetic parameters of the major THC metabolites did not reflect the relatively modest changes found in blood levels after CBD pretreatment, but exhibited large increases in AUC (7- to 15-fold) and t1/2 (2- to 4-fold), as well as in tmax. Changes in brain concentrations and kinetic parameters for 6 beta-OH-THC reflected the marked changes observed in blood levels after CBD pretreatment. Thus, CBD pretreatment resulted in large increases in AUC and t1/2 of all THC metabolites in brain, with a modest increase in AUC of THC. These changes in THC metabolite brain pharmacokinetics may contribute to the modulation of psychological responses to THC observed after CBD treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Oxidized lipids in the diet are a source of oxidized lipid in chylomicrons of human serum.

We examined whether oxidized lipids in the diet determine the levels of oxidized lipid in human postprandial serum chylomicrons. After we fed subjects control corn oil containing low quantities of oxidized lipid, the levels of conjugated dienes in the chylomicron fraction were low (9.67 +/- 0.92 nmol/mumol triglyceride), and no thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) could be detected. However, when subjects were fed a highly oxidized oil, the conjugated diene content in chylomicrons was increased 4.7-fold to 46 +/- 5.63 nmol/mumol triglyceride, with 0.140 +/- 0.03 nmol TBARS/mumol triglyceride. When subjects were fed medium-oxidized oil, the degree of oxidation of the chylomicron lipids was moderately increased (21.86 +/- 2.03 nmol conjugated dienes/mumol triglyceride). Additionally, we found that chylomicrons isolated after ingestion of oxidized oil were more susceptible to CuSO4 oxidation than chylomicrons isolated after ingestion of the control oil. The lag time for oxidation decreased from 4.30 +/- 0.40 to 3.24 +/- 0.51 hours (P < .05). These data demonstrate that in humans dietary oxidized lipids are absorbed by the small intestine, incorporated into chylomicrons, and appear in the bloodstream, where they contribute to the total body pool of oxidized lipid.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of cannabidiol on mouse hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent anandamide metabolism.

Anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide) has been identified as a brain constituent that selectively binds to the cannabinoid receptor and possesses cannabimimetic activity. Cytochromes P450 catalyze the oxidation of arachidonic acid to several metabolites possessing very potent pharmacological activity. We examined whether P450 would also metabolize anandamide, and whether cannabidiol (a cannabinoid which inactivates several P450s) would affect this metabolism. Mouse hepatic P450s were found to metabolize anandamide to at least 10 different metabolites, four of which were characterized by mass spectrometry. Cannabidiol selectively inhibited the formation of two of these four anandamide metabolites. The significance of anandamide metabolism remains to be explored.

Amides↗