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Biomedical subjects

K Winnefeld

Publications and source records attributed to K Winnefeld.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The value of selenotherapy in patients with mucoviscidosis].

In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients the antioxidative-oxidative balance is chronically disturbed. Free radicals were generated by bronchial-pulmonal infection and additional exist a deficiency of antioxidative substances by enteral malabsorption especially vitamin E and selenium. Because selenium is an essential content of glutathione peroxidase, which is acting in cytosol and cell membranes, for the present we tested a selenium therapy (peroral sodium selenite 155 micrograms (Se/m2 BSA/d i. e. 4 micrograms Se/kg/d; 4 fold of recommended supply) in 32 CF patients. After three months of this therapy we have seen positive metabolic (normalized content of plasma-selenium, -glutathione peroxidase), endocrine (enhanced efficacy of thyroid hormones, mild increased IgF-I reduced LDL-chol) and clinical consequences (enhanced left ventricular cardiac output), but in three patients side effects (anorexia, nausea, mild hair loss) were observed. Longtime sodium selenite therapy only with 60 micrograms Se/m2 BSA/d over 1 year, stabilized the favourable influences without side effects. For CF patients therefore we recommend a sodium selenite substitution therapy, the best in combination with vitamin E.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Selenium level in patients with acute myocardial infarct and in patients with severe angina pectoris without myocardial infarct].

Selenium in serum and whole blood was determined in patients (n = 88) with acute cardiac infarction, in patients (n = 62) with severe clinical symptoms and signs of angina pectoris excluding cardiac infarction, and a control group (n = 62). The average selenium concentration of the 62 patients in the control group was 1.00 +/- 0.17 mumol/l in the blood. The serum selenium concentration of the patients with cardiac infarction was significantly decreased as compared with the control group both on the first and tenth day (alpha = 1%) as well as after three months (alpha = 5%). On the twentieth day as well as six and twelve months after cardiac infarction no significant difference could be established. At all times after cardiac infarction, the blood showed a clearly decreased selenium concentration as compared with the control group. The difference was highly significant (alpha = 0.1%) on the first, tenth and twentieth day as well as after three and six months, and it was significant (alpha = 1%) after twelve months. On the first day, the average selenium concentration in the serum of the 62 patients with a severe attack of angina pectoris excluding acute cardiac infarction was 0.88 +/- 0.18 mumol/l and thus highly significantly below the values for the control group (alpha = 0.1%). The decrease on the tenth day (0.93 +/- 0.19 mumol/l) turned out not to be significant. The blood selenium concentration was highly significantly decreased on the first and tenth day (alpha = 0.1%). It was measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.19 mumol/l and 1.10 +/- 0.20 mumol/l respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1995

[Selenium and antioxidant status in various diseases].

All healthy mammalian organisms are characterized by an equilibrium between the occurrence of highly reactive oxygen species and their destruction by anti-oxidants. Numerous diseases go hand in hand with a disturbance of the homoeostatis. In order to avoid or minimize the destructive effect of the oxidant stress on biological structures, therapies utilizing drugs with anti-oxidant effects are increasingly being applied. Preconditions for these therapies are a characterisation and a follow-up of the anti-oxidant status in the diseased organism. In the course of the present study selenium, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were determined in patients with various clinical pictures (terminal renal insufficiency, septic shock, high-risk gravidieties, arterioscleroisis, pulmonary carcinoma, acute myocardial infarction, test patients taking the contraceptive pill). Patients with terminal renal insufficiency and those suffering from septic shock syndromes clearly show a selenium decrease in serum and whole blood as well as a drop in the GSH-Px-activity, and increased malondialdehyde concentrations in the serum. Both are a reflection of an increased lipid peroxidation. First results of a selenium therapy are available for patients with therminal renal insufficiency and post-traumatically induced renal failure. The interpretation of the findings in the categories "high-risk gravidity" and "women on the contraceptive pill", which show a normal GSH-Px-activity and significantly increased malondialdehyde concentrations, seems problematic. The organism counteracts an increased lipid peroxidation with a normal plasma-GSH-Px-activity, clearly a sign of a still normal anti-oxidant potential.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Sodium selenite therapy and thyroid-hormone status in cystic fibrosis and congenital hypothyroidism.

The effectiveness of a peroral sodium selenite therapy (115 micrograms Se/m2 BSA/d) administered to cystic fibrosis patients (n = 32) could after three months be identified in a significant serum selenium increase (0.69-->0.96 mumol/L), a significant malondialdehyde decrease (2.72-->1.64 mumol/L), as well as in a significant serum vitamin E increase (4.31-->5.72 micrograms/mL). Parallel to that, a serum T3 increase as well as a highly significant decrease in the serum T4/T3-ratio were found, too, which point to improved peripheral T4-->T3 conversion during selenium medication. Type-I-iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase has recently been identified as a specific selenoenzyme. In the case of congenital hypothyroidism (n = 37) application of sodium selenite in the above specified dosage yielded a mean serum selenium increase (0.87-->1.12 mumol/L), a not significant T3 increase (2.57-->2.61 nmol/L) as well as a not significant TSH decrease (5.34-->4.49 mIU/L) without an expected T4 decrease. With the serum lipids, however, a lowering of total cholesterol (4.85-->4.53 mmol/L) simultaneous with a mean increase in HDL-cholesterol (1.52-->1.66 mmol/L) as well as a decrease in LDL-cholesterol (2.93-->2.52) could be observed. We view the reduction of the atherogenic serum lipid constellation in the course of selenium medication as an expression of increased thyroid-hormone efficacy. Apart from an improvement of the antioxidant status a stimulation of thyroid-hormone efficacy owing to increased T4--T3 conversion is also noteworthy in sodium selenite medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical, infrared spectroscopic and chemical analysis of bile duct and gallbladder stones].

By means of concrements, which were obtained endoscopically by extraction from the bile duct, and of gallstones, which were given the patient by the surgeon on the occasion of the gallbladder operation, we performed stone analyses with the aid of infrared spectroscopy and compared them correlatively with clinical and case history data. The paper focussed on the detection of the stony structure of choledochal concrements, separated into stone core and stone mantle. A method for the reliable differentiation of stones left (residual stones) from new formations (recurrent stones) in the bile ducts has not been possible to date. Thus, the burning question of the surgeon cannot be answered with certainty. However, there is no doubt about surgical suture material as incrustation core for a pigment stone in terms of a true recurrent stone, which poses a real challenge to biliary tract surgery.

Bile Pigments↗
PubMed1991

[Behavior of selenium in serum and erythrocytes in females with normal and risk pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal retardation and hepatosis)].

In the course of normal pregnancy the selenium concentration in serum decreases significantly. The selenium concentration is enhanced in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation or hepatosis and unchanged in those with pregnancy-induced hypertension in comparison with healthy pregnant women. In our investigations no changes of the intracellular selenium concentrations in erythrocytes were measured in normal as well as in pathological pregnancy.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1990

[Magnesium level in serum and erythrocytes in patients with chronic coronary heart disease without myocardial infarct].

In 62 patients with chronic coronary heart disease without myocardial infarction the magnesium content of the serum and the erythrocytes was determined by means of the flame atom absorption spectrophotometry in comparison to patients with infarction and a group of healthy test persons. In the patients with chronic coronary heart disease without acute myocardial infarction the magnesium content of the serum was significantly reduced on the first day after the pectanginous attack. No decreased magnesium level of the erythrocytes was present on the first and tenth day after the pectanginous attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Triiodothyronine (T3) increases cisplatin nephrotoxicity in young and adult rats.

The influence of pretreatment with triiodothyronine (T3) on cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in 10- and 55-day-old rats. Triiodothyronine pretreatment enhanced CP proteinuria in young and adult rats, and increased blood urea nitrogen concentration in 55-day-old rats. As T3 decreased Pt concentrations in renal tissue, the enhanced nephrotoxicity of CP by T3 must have another mechanism. Enhanced CP nephrotoxicity is discussed in connection with an increase of glutathione concentration obtained in renal tissue as a consequence of T3 pretreatment.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[The function of hemoglobins].

Haemoglobin is primarily responsible for the oxygen supply and a normal acid-base economy in mammals. An optimal loading of haemoglobin with oxygen in the lungs and a high desaturation in the periphery are ensured by a highly cooperative oxygen binding of 4 subunits as well as by different effectors--2,3 DPG, chloride, pH, temperature...-.A number of differently built-up haemoglobins will ensure a sufficient oxygen supply of individual ontogenetic stages of development in the human organism.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1989

[The diagnostic value of CT in siderophilia (primary idiopathic hemochromatosis)].

CT, due to its high resolution of density, is suitable, within certain limits, to quantify iron contents in the liver. - Diagnostic value and limits of dual-energy-computed tomography after 38 examinations, 31 of them in patients with verified haemochromatosis, are described: In a progressive state of iron overload a high correlation exists between results of computed tomography and usual reference methods of iron metabolism (iron determination by absorption spectrometry and histologic examination, serum-iron-level, serum-ferritin-level, relative transferrin saturation, desferal test). - With a specificity of nearly 100% CT shows a minor or medium iron overload only with low sensitivity. - Because of its noninvasive nature CT is an alternative method of biopsy in progressive liver disease with suspected hepatic siderosis.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1988

Nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of cisplatinum in young and adult rats.

Wistar rats (10 and 55 days old) were administered a single dose of 0.6 mg cisplatinum (CP) 100 g body wt. intraperitoneally. Urinary volume, p-aminohippurate and total protein excretion were determined. Separation of urinary proteins was performed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant symptoms of nephrotoxicity (oliguria, reduced PAH-excretion, heavy proteinuria, changes in urinary protein composition) were detected in adult rats 72 h after CP. At that time young rats did not show distinct signs of nephrotoxicity. Experiments on time dependence of nephrotoxicity showed that in young rats symptoms occurred already 6 h after CP-administration, and 72 h after CP the damage was nearly completely repaired. Pt-determination in serum, kidney tissue, and urine showed a shorter t1/2 in serum, lower concentrations in kidney tissue as well as higher Pt-concentrations in urine of young compared with adult rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of aluminum in rats of various ages].

Experiments were done in 5-, 10-, 20-, 33-, 55-, and 105-d-old rats to clarify whether or not age-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of Al exist. Using kidney function tests distinct signs of alumina (Al) nephrotoxicity can be demonstrated following 1 or 2 mg Al/100 g b. wt. i.p.: polyruria, reduced concentration of sodium in urine, elevated blood urea nitrogen concentrations. There is the same degree of nephrotoxicity both in adult and in young rats with an immature kidney function. Following administration of 2 mg Al/100 g b. wt. i. p. the initial plasma concentration of Al is distinctly lower in young than in adult rats. A rapid phase of elimination of Al from plasma (alpha-slope) is absent in 5-d-old rats and fully expressed in 33- and 55-d-old rats. In young rats the relative volume of distribution of Al is smaller than in adults. Following the administered dose nephrotoxicity in ducing concentrations of Al were obviously reached also in kidney tissue of young rats.

Aging↗