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Biomedical subjects

K Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to K Wilson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

HDL cholesterol and the acute phase reaction following myocardial infarction and acute pancreatitis.

The response of HDL in the acute phase reaction following myocardial infarction (MI) (82 subjects) and acute pancreatitis (AP) (30 subjects) has been examined and compared with that in a control group (76 subjects) admitted to hospital with suspected MI but in whom the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed. The temporal and quantitative characteristics of the changes in concentration of the positive acute phase reactants fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin and the negative acute phase reactants albumin and LDL were similar in the myocardial infarction and acute pancreatitis subjects. In contrast, the response of HDL was different to that of the other transport proteins both within each experimental group and between the two groups. This indicated that the response of HDL cannot be regarded as simply part of a secondary negative acute phase reaction. After adjustment for changes in plasma volume, the data indicated that hepatobiliary dysfunction was probably a major factor in the negative response of HDL following acute pancreatitis and may have contributed to its response following myocardial infarction.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1987

[AIDS in prisoners].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Automated liquid chromatographic method for the determination of paracetamol and six metabolites in human urine.

An automated liquid chromatographic method, with a coefficient of variation for total imprecision of less than 4%, has been developed for the quantitative determination of paracetamol, paracetamol-4-glucuronide, paracetamol-4-sulphate, paracetamol-3-cysteine, paracetamol-3-mercapturate, 3-hydroxyparacetamol-3-sulphate and 3-methoxyparacetamol-4-sulphate in urine samples. The gradient elution system was based on 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and acetonitrile on an octadecylsilica column. The on-column detection limit using an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm for each of the compounds using 3-hydroxyacetanilide as internal standard was of the order of 10-50 ng from urine and 2-10 ng from water. Application of the method to 24-h urine samples from subjects who had received a therapeutic dose of the drug confirmed the findings of previous studies for the importance of the glucuronide, sulphate, mercapturate and cysteine conjugates. 3-Hydroxyparacetamol-3-sulphate was shown to be present in the urine of all volunteers and to account for up to 5% of the dose. 3-Methoxyparacetamol-4-sulphate was not detected in any urine samples and if present as a metabolite must account for less than 0.1% of the dose.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

A latex agglutination assay for D dimer: evaluation and application to the diagnosis of thrombotic disease.

Although latex agglutination assays have been used for some years to diagnose thrombotic disorders, only recently has it been possible to measure specifically the products of fibrin breakdown in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products, by using monoclonal antibodies. We have evaluated a preparation of latex particles coupled to the monoclonal antibody DD-3B6/22, which is specific for cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP) and allows accurate discrimination between normal and pathological conditions. Of samples from 515 apparently healthy volunteers, 97.7% failed to agglutinate the latex; the normal reference interval for XDP determined by enzyme immunoassay was less than 78-320 micrograms/L. The use of different anticoagulants with or without the addition of a protease inhibitor had no significant effects on the results of the latex assay. The latex preparation provides a useful, rapid diagnostic tool for assaying small numbers of samples or as an emergency test.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Weekly cyclophosphamide and alternate-day prednisone: an effective secondary therapy in multiple myeloma.

Intravenous or oral cyclophosphamide, 150-250 mg/m2 (500 mg maximum), once per week with alternate-day oral prednisone, 100 mg, was given to 57 myeloma patients resistant to melphalan and prednisone (MP). Seven responses in 28 primary MP-resistant patients and ten responses in 29 secondary MP-resistant patients were observed. Previous response to MP was not a significant factor in predicting response to weekly cyclophosphamide and alternate-day prednisone. The results suggest that the regimen of weekly cyclophosphamide and alternate-day prednisone may be as effective as more aggressive regimens in the treatment of patients with myeloma who have failed MP therapy. However, a randomized trial would be required to determine the relative contributions of cyclophosphamide and prednisone to the effectiveness of this regimen.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity in elderly nursing home patients.

Fourteen of 100 geriatric nursing home patients were shown to have evidence of carotid sinus hypersensitivity. The incidence of syncope and falls was noted in prospective follow-up over 33 months. Falls were classified as either simple or complicated by laceration or fracture. Patients experienced simple falls at similar rates whether carotid sinus hypersensitivity was present or absent. For patients with carotid sinus hypersensitivity, the risk of a laceration was increased more than twofold, that of fracture more than threefold, and that of syncope tenfold. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity warrants greater attention as a contributory factor to serious falls and syncope in the elderly; and its importance may have been underestimated in the past.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Bladder smooth muscle dysfunction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Urodynamic studies were carried out on 30 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 30 matched controls. Fifty per cent of the irritable bowel patients compared with only 13% of the control group had evidence of bladder dysfunction (p = 0.006). In the irritable bowel group detrusor instability was observed in 10 patients compared with only one control subject (p = 0.008). A steep cystometrogram occurred in five irritable bowel patients and three controls (NS). Detrusor instability was most common in patients with a bowel habit characterised by alternating constipation and diarrhoea. This is the first study to provide objective evidence that patients with irritable bowel syndrome may have a disorder of smooth muscle or its innervation that is not confined to the gastrointestinal system.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of lonidamine in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.

The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase II study of lonidamine, given in an escalating oral daily schedule to a maximum dose of 450 mg/m2 in patients with previously treated advanced breast cancer. Five responses were seen in 30 evaluable patients (17%). Treatment was discontinued because of toxicity in seven patients. Toxicity generally consisted of myalgia, nausea, vomiting, skin hyperesthesia, somnolence, and ototoxicity. All side effects were reversible and no hematologic toxicity was observed. The absence of myelosuppression and the suggestive lack of cross-resistance between lonidamine and standard chemotherapeutic drugs warrant further studies of lonidamine in breast cancer, particularly in combination with other agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Corpus and cervix cancer: a nutritional comparison.

Nutritional parameters of patients with cervical cancer and endometrial cancer were prospectively evaluated. Analysis of anthropometric assessments that were abnormal in as many as 52% of patients indicated little difference between organ sites in mean values or percentage of patients with abnormal values. Biochemical parameters included serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, copper, zinc, and creatinine height index. An abnormal value was present in as many as 60% of patients. Multiple abnormal values were more likely to be present in patients with endometrial cancer. Abnormal vitamin levels were more commonly present in patients with cervical cancer. When compared to control values, levels of plasma folate, beta carotene, and vitamin C were significantly lower in patients with cervical cancer. Patients with endometrial cancer had significantly lower levels of beta carotene and vitamin C. Analysis of surgical complications suggested a correlation with specific nutritional deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Determination of salbutamol in human plasma and urine by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

A rapid, accurate and sensitive method for the determination of salbutamol in plasma and urine is described. Salbutamol is extracted using solid-phase techniques and converted to an indoaniline dye by reaction with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. The indoaniline is separated using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and quantified by absorption microdensitometry at 650 nm. The method is sensitive down to 20 ng/ml in urine and to 1 ng/ml in plasma and provides data in good agreement with that obtained by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The method can be used for analysis of pharmacokinetic studies.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional status of patients with untreated cervical cancer. I. Biochemical and immunologic assessment.

A prospective nutritional evaluation of 78 patients with untreated cervical cancer was undertaken. Stage-related abnormal anthropometric measurements were present in 60% of patients. Abnormal biochemical nutritional measurements were found in 67% of patients. Thirty percent of these patients were anergic to usual skin test antigens. The overall incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition was 12.5%; however, the risk was stage-related. Measured parameters were usually adversely affected following a surgical procedure. Although surgical complications were few, the implications of these findings as to the appropriate method and timing of nutritional assessment as well as the possible benefit from nutritional support in malnourished patients with cervical cancer are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional status of patients with untreated cervical cancer. II. Vitamin assessment.

Prospective vitamin assessment was undertaken in 78 patients with untreated cancer of the uterine cervix. At least one abnormal vitamin level was present in 67% of patients while individual levels were abnormal in as many as 38% of patients. Significantly lowered levels of plasma folate, vitamin A, and vitamin C were present. Although most of these vitamins did not correlate with other parameters of protein-calorie malnutrition, the possible preventative and treatment effects of these vitamins require additional investigation.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1985

Snoring: an acoustic monitoring technique.

Snoring is a significant symptom of upper airway obstruction which has not been measured and quantified in a clinically useful manner. A technique to determine acoustic level, frequency, and duration of snoring is reported. Four case studies illustrate the utility of this method. It is recommended that acoustic monitoring be included in the polysomnographic assessment of selected sleep disorder patients.

Acoustics↗