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Biomedical subjects

K Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to K Wilson.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Adaptive response of rats with diet-induced adiposity to energy restriction.

Groups of 4-week old, male Osborne-Mendel rats were given high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks; one group was fed control diet (CON) for 28 weeks. HFD rats were transferred to control diet (HFDCON) and diets restricted to 80% (HFDR80) or 60% (HFDR60) of HFDCON intake for another 16 weeks, while one group continued on HFD. Body, liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EPI) weight, and the EPI/body weight ratio of HFDR60 group decreased significantly. EPI lipid content and total lipoprotein lipase activity also declined in response to 40% restriction. Overall, the data indicate that 40% energy restriction can stabilize body weight at a reduced level, and mobilize adipose lipid to meet the energy needs of HFD rats.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial colonization of intravenous catheter materials in vitro and in vivo.

Four different intravenous catheter materials, brands Teflon, Silastic, Vialon, and Tecoflex, were evaluated in vitro for bacterial adherence after 2 and 24 hours' incubation in trypticase soy broth and after 2 hours' incubation in nutrient-free phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The organisms used were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The significant differences in in vitro adherence of the different bacterial species to the various catheters were then evaluated in vivo by intravenous injection of a single bolus of 1 X 10(5) organisms via tail vein of rats with previously placed catheters in their superior venae cavae. There was no association between the in vitro bacterial adherence and the tendency of the in vivo catheters to become colonized. Results of scanning electron microscopy of clean catheters and those removed from the rats showed obvious differences in surface characteristics and in clot adhesion between the catheters. These characteristics did not correlate with bacterial adherence in vitro or colonization in vivo. It is concluded that laboratory studies of bacterial adherence to, physical characteristics of, and thrombogenicity of intravenous catheters do not necessarily translate into resistance to clinical catheter sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of intact EF-Tu from Thermus aquaticus YT-1.

Many attempts have been made to elucidate the three-dimensional structure from elongation factor Tu, but so far the only crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography contained a partially degraded protein. Here, we report the crystallization of a fully active, intact EF-Tu from thermus aquaticus. The crystals belong to hexagonal space group P6(3)(22) and diffract up to 2.6 A. The cell dimensions are a = b = 178 A, c = 238 A and 6 molecules are contained per asymmetric unit.

Crystallography↗
PubMed1988

[AIDS epidemiology].

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Autologous red cell agglutination assay for HIV-1 antibodies: simplified test with whole blood.

An antibody detection procedure based on agglutination of autologous red cells has been developed for samples of whole blood. A nonagglutinating monoclonal antibody to human red blood cells conjugated to a synthetic peptide antigen (in this case residues 579 to 601 of the HIV-1 envelope precursor, Arg-Ile-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp- Gly-Cys - Ser-Gly-Lys) permitted the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 10 microliters of whole blood within 2 minutes. Agglutination was specifically inhibited by addition of synthetic peptide antigen but not by unrelated peptides. The frequency of false positive results was 0.1% with HIV-1 seronegative blood donors (n = 874). The false negative results were approximately 1% (n = 81). The autologous red cell agglutination test is potentially suitable for simple, rapid, qualitative screening for antibodies to a variety of antigens of medical and veterinary diagnostic significance.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

Working for patients.

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Community Health Services↗
PubMed1988

Making people matter.

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Community Health Services↗
PubMed1988

A phase II study of VP-16 and cisplatin in patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.

The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group has carried out a phase II study of VP-16 100 mg/m2 daily x 3 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 daily x 3 in untreated patients with malignant mesothelioma. Twenty-seven eligible patients were entered on the trial and the majority had pleural and/or soft tissue disease. Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common toxicities, and were usually mild or moderate in severity. Only 3 partial responses were seen in the 26 patients evaluable (12%). We conclude that the combination of VP-16 and cisplatin when used in this fashion has only minimal activity in mesothelioma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Serial D-dimer levels in the assessment of tumor mass and clinical outcome in ovarian cancer.

D-dimer (DD)--an end product of fibrinolysis--was measured in serum by enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to the gamma gamma crosslink in patients with ovarian cancer, before primary surgery and during chemotherapy for 12 months or more. Serial DD levels were found to have a high sensitivity for the detection of tumor in patients with subclinical disease (91%) as well as for predicting progression of disease (100%). As determined by a careful second-look laparotomy in patients with complete clinical remission the DD marker was highly predictive of tumors less than 1 cm. The negative predictive value (82%) was higher than the positive predictive value (69%). However, there were 31% of the patients who showed a false-positive result; a close examination of the clinical data of these 9 patients failed to reveal an explanation for the positive DD levels. Despite the lack of specificity (50% in the present series), the findings support the use of DD in the assessment of patients with ovarian cancer, especially those with subclinical disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

A randomized trial of maintenance versus no maintenance melphalan and prednisone in responding multiple myeloma patients.

In order to assess the role of maintenance melphalan and prednisone (MP) in responding multiple myeloma patients, 185 eligible patients who responded to initial MP with stabilization for at least 4 months were randomized to either stop treatment and resume therapy at relapse or to continue MP until relapse. Time to first relapse was significantly shorter in the no maintenance group (P = 0.0011), however 57% of the no maintenance patients had a second response when MP was restarted and others had minor improvement. The time to final progression on MP, which reflects the duration of disease control by MP, was therefore longer for the no maintenance group (median = 39 months) compared to the maintenance group (median = 31 months) although the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.086). Median survival from start of MP in the maintenance group (46 months) was also not significantly different than the no maintenance group (51 months) (P = 0.587). Multifactor analysis of the randomized patients demonstrated shorter total remission duration and shorter survival in patients who had an initially rapid response to therapy or a lesser reduction in serum M-protein concentration.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Kinetics of some benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles, and quinolines as substrates and inhibitors of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase.

1. Twelve oxygen and sulphur azaheterocycles were studied as potential substrates of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. Only benzoxazole and 1,2-benzisoxazole were found to be substrates. 2. Nine of the compounds inhibited the oxidation of quinazoline by aldehyde oxidase and in all cases mixed inhibition kinetics were observed. 3. pi-Excessive heterocycles consisting of a single 5- or 6-membered ring (thiazole, oxazole) were neither substrates or inhibitors. Addition of a carbocyclic ring (benzothiazole, benzoxazole, 1,2-benzisoxazole) allowed binding to the enzyme as a substrate and/or inhibitor. 4. The mixed inhibition exhibited by the pi-excessive azaheterocycles benzothiazole, 1,2-benzisoxazole, and 2-substituted benzoxazoles was characterised by a Ki/KI ratio greater than 1.0, where Ki is the inhibitor constant for binding to the free enzyme and KI is the inhibitor constant for binding to the ES complex. In contrast, five pi-deficient methyl-substituted quinolines, which are known substrates for aldehyde oxidase, exhibited a Ki/KI ratio of less than 1.0. 5. The pi-excessive heterocycles 2,3-benzthiophene and 2,3-benzfuran, which do not contain a nitrogen atom, exhibited weak inhibition with a very high Ki/KI ratio. 6. The results of the study indicated that whilst thiazoles and oxazoles are unlikely to be extensively metabolized by aldehyde oxidase, they may inhibit the metabolism of substrates of the enzyme.

Aldehyde Oxidase↗
PubMed1987

[AIDS and homosexuals].

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗