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Biomedical subjects

K Wada

Publications and source records attributed to K Wada.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serum hormone and steroid hormone receptor levels during luteal-phase and long-term treatment with danazol.

This study was designed to clarify the effects of danazol on levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, progesterone (P), and 17 beta-estradiol and endometrial steroid receptors (for estrogen [ER], progestin [PR], and androgen [AR] ) during luteal-phase and long-term treatment. These levels were compared with midluteal-phase levels for a histologically in-phase endometrium. Danazol given during the luteal phase to patients with in-phase endometrium decreased endometrial steroid receptor levels (total ER and total PR), and decreased serum P, LH, and FSH levels. Ten of the 17 patients treated (59%) still had in-phase endometrium. Danazol (400 mg/day) given for 1 month or more to patients with pelvic endometriosis increased serum LH and FSH levels within the normal range and endometrial total ER and PR levels. It appears that the effects of short-term and long-term treatment with danazol on serum hormone and endometrial steroid receptor levels differ.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

One-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning in wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata).

We examined how Japanese monkeys in the wild formed an aversion to food which had been paired with poison. Ten monkeys of various ages and both sexes were chosen as subjects from 105 members of the Shiga-A1 troop at Jigokudani in Shiga Heights in Japan. We gave almond nuts to each subject. Once a monkey ate 10-20 almond nuts, he was captured and moved into an injection cage. Seven experimental subjects were injected intravenously with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Three control subjects received the same treatment except that they were injected with physiological saline. About 1 hour later, all subjects were released into the troop. The tests for conditioned aversions were conducted during the next 2 days. In the tests, the experimental subjects would not eat almond nuts, while the control subjects showed no hesitation in eating them. Five of the seven experimental subjects retained perfectly the aversion to almond nuts in tests conducted 1 month and 3 months later. The one-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning shown by the wild Japanese monkeys is discussed in terms of their feeding strategy. These results also suggest that food-aversion conditioning has potential as a nonlethal method for controlling crop-raiding monkeys.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1983

Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Further characterization with an improved preparation.

The preparation procedure for Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.18.1.2, FNR) was improved by adding protease inhibitors, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and EDTA, through the whole process of preparation and by introducing an affinity chromatography step on Blue Sepharose CL-6B. The addition of the inhibitors largely prevented the formation of the minor component (FNR I), and the affinity gel chromatography simplified the preparation process, shortening the exposure period of FNR to proteolysis. However, complete removal of the heterogeneity of FNR found at the amino (N)-terminal region was not achieved even by applying the new method. The affinity chromatography on the Blue Sepharose gel was also effective in purifying spinach FNR. The affinity of this gel for Spirulina FNR was compared with that for the enzyme derived from spinach leaves. The spinach enzyme had a higher affinity than the Spirulina one. Both enzymes showed the highest affinities to Blue Sepharose at 20--30 mM NaCl concentration. The N-terminal sequence analysis revealed that there was 4 forms, which were probably modifications produced by exopeptidase action during the preparation, or even in the living cells. The longest component gave the N-terminal sequence Ala-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ile-Pro-Val-Asn-Ile-Tyr-. The others lacked amino acids successively one by one from the N-terminus. In contrast, the carboxyl(C)-terminal residues of all 4 FNR forms were tyrosine. The probable C-terminal sequence was predicted to be -Trp-His-Val-Gln-Thr-Tyr based on a study of a cyanogen bromide peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

The inhibitory effect of lipid peroxide on the activity of the membrane-bound and the solubilized lipoprotein lipase.

The effects of lipid peroxide (15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid) on the activity of lipoprotein lipase was investigated. The activities were examined in 2 enzyme species: the lipoprotein lipase bound to the coronary vessels of the rat heart and that solubilized in the human post-heparin plasma. As a substrate, 3H-labelled human chylomicron was used. Lipid peroxide decreased the maximal velocity of the reaction between the chylomicron and lipoprotein lipase on the vascular surface. In the post-heparin plasma, the lipid peroxide decreased the maximal hydrolysis rate, but did not change the half life time in the unsaturated reaction. It is suggested that lipid peroxide directly damages a part of the membrane-bound lipoprotein lipase, and that the degeneration of cell membranes and the vasoconstriction caused by lipid peroxide will additionally disturb the hydrolysis of the plasma triglyceride on the vascular surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical effect of a cephalosporin derivative, cefotiam, on otorhinolaryngologic infections].

CTM was administered at dose levels of 1 to 3 g a day to 77 cases of otorhinolaryngological infections, and the following results were obtained: The effect of the drug was determined in 75 cases. The responders were 3 out of 5 (60.0%) in acute suppurative otitis media, 4 out of 11 (36.4%) in chronic suppurative otitis media, 39 out of 43 (90.7%) in tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess and 12 out of 16 (75.0%) in other diseases, a total of 58 out of 75 cases (77.3%). The bacteriological effect of CTM was evaluated in 53 cases, and bacterial eradication was demonstrated in 41 cases (77.4%). Also, its antibacterial potency was 2 to 4 times superior in comparison to that of CEZ against isolated bacteria in which MICs were measurable. Side effects which were neither severe nor specific were recognized in 3 out of 77 cases (3.9%). In the cases with abnormal laboratory values, none was determinable to be attributed to CTM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Therapeutic evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) used against acute suppurative otitis media in children: a comparison with an oral preparation].

A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of KS-R1 (ampicillin rectal suppository, 125 mg X 4/day) administered to the rectum as compared with those of orally administered ampicillin (ABPC) with same dosage. The results obtained were as follows. The clinical effect of the drug was judged in 100 cases (suppository group in 45 cases, oral group in 55 cases) out of 111 cases. The overall efficacy rates evaluated on standard criteria were 93.3% for the suppository group and 89.1% for the oral group. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the dose, disease type and age also revealed a slightly higher efficacy rate on each parameter in the suppository group, but no significant difference between 2 groups. The bacteriological effects evaluated in 84 cases (suppository group in 38 cases, oral group in 46 cases) were 94.7% and 93.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Side effects were evaluated in 101 cases (suppository group in 46 cases, oral group in 55 cases), but the incidence rate showed no significant difference between the 2 groups; 3 cases (each 1 of abdominal pain, periproctal redness and periproctal erosion) were observed in suppository group and 2 cases (each 1 of stomach pain + soft stool and diarrhea) in oral group. The results indicate that KS-R1 is equally effective and tolerable against acute suppurative otitis media compared to oral administration of ABPC, and considered to be useful.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Double-blind comparative trial of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media].

A double-blind controlled trial of cefroxadine (CXD) 250 mg t.i.d. was undertaken to objectively evaluate its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, using cephalexin (CEX) 250 mg q.i.d. as a control drug, and the following results were obtained. In the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs produced almost equal outcomes, showing no significant difference in assessments of both overall effects and usefulness. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs exhibited no significant difference as well in overall effects by Wilcoxon's two-sample test. However, the CEX group had significantly more nonresponsive patients, i.e. 35.5% as compared with 9.7% of the CXD group (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). In the assessment of clinical usefulness as well, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. In the assessment of overall effects based on the patients whose isolated organisms were sensitive to the drugs, CEX group had more patients not responding to the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). Bacteriological effects were not significantly different between the 2 drugs in both acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. Overall safety rating was not significantly different between the 2 drugs. Side effects occurred as the symptoms of digestive organ in 2 patients each in both groups (equally an incidence of 2.6%). As for the improvement of each symptom after treatment (assessed on day 3), CXD was superior in the improvement rate of otorrhea volume as the main symptom of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, while CEX was superior in that of otoobstruction feeling. From the above findings, it is presumed that CXD is a safe drug which can exhibit equal or superior therapeutic effects to CEX in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, at 3/4 of the CEX dose level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear translocation of progesterone receptor--progestogen complex in vitro.

The nuclear translocation of receptor-progestogen complex was investigated in the estrogen-primed rabbit uterus. To avoid the influence of the in vivo steroid metabolism, the incubation of cytosol with progestogens, and that of the nuclear suspension with steroid-cytosol complex were performed in the in vitro systems. The quantity of the steroid receptor translocated by progestogens to the nucleus was measured using the [3H]-progesterone exchange assay. [3H]-progesterone-receptor complex in the cytosol was exchanged for cytosolic receptor sites by progesterone, dydrogesterone or norethindrone effectively. When the steroid receptors translocated to the nucleus by such steroids in the in vitro system were determined using exchange assay, progesterone translocated the receptor to the nucleus much more than did dydrogesterone or norethindrone. It was suggested that progesterone was potent in the ability of the nuclear translocation of its own receptor. The highly potent biological activities of norethindrone and dydrogesterone in vivo must be explained in the other way.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radioimmunoassay for antibodies to human skeletal muscle myosin in serum from patients with polymyositis.

Antibodies to human skeletal muscle myosin were detected in 90% of sera from patients with polymyositis by radioimmunoassay using purified human myosin as antigen, and the mean titre was 4.24 X 10(-10)M. The incidence and the mean titre of anti-myosin antibodies were significantly higher than in patients without polymyositis. Anti-myosin antibody titres correlated with steroid therapy in polymyositis patients. Titres in untreated patients with polymyositis correlated with the severity of muscle weakness. Radioimmunoassay for anti-myosin antibodies should prove to be useful in the diagnosis of polymyositis and the evaluation of clinical state.

Adult↗