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Biomedical subjects

K W Heaton

Publications and source records attributed to K W Heaton.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The effect of wheat bran upon bile salt metabolism and upon the lipid composition of bile in gallstone patients.

When raw wheat bran was added to the diet of six subjects for 4-6 weeks, chenodeoxycholate (CDC) synthesis increased from 0.46 +/- 0.12 to 0.57 +/- 0.17 mmol/day pool increased from 1.72 +/- 0.47 to 2.19 +/- 0.74 mmol (rho less than 0.05). Deoxycholate (DC) pool size diminished from 1.20 +/- 0.29 to 0.80 +/- 0.16 mmol, but cholate synthesis and pool size were unaffected. Overall, the size of the bile salt pool did not change. In spite of this, when 10 patients with probable cholesterol gallstones took bran supplements for 4-6 weeks, their gallbladder bile aspirated from the duodenum became less saturated with cholesterol. The molar percentage of cholesterol fell from 10.1 +/- 3.1% to 8.6 +/- 2.7% (rho less than 0.01), and the saturation index of bile fell from 1.49 +/- 0.40 to 1.29 +/- 0.38 (rho less than 0.005). Bran probably operates primarily on the colon, reducing the formation or absorption of the bacterial metabolite DC, a substance which impairs CDC synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lack of effect on blood lipid and calcium concentrations of young men on changing from white to wholemeal bread.

1. When nineteen "free-living" male students, who normally ate 231 (SEM 14) g white bread/d changed to wholemeal bread for a 19-week period, there was no significant change in body-weight, plasma cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. These values, as well as plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, urate and haemoglobin, remained essentially the same as those for a control group. 2. Increasing the wheat-fibre intake by eating wholemeal bread is not an effective method for reducing blood lipids levels, at least in healthy young men with a moderate bread intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect on intestinal transit and the feces of raw and cooked bran in different doses.

Ten healthy male subjects on a low fiber diet were given two doses of raw wheat bran (12 and 20 g/day) and two doses of cooked bran (13.2 and 22 g/day). Both doses of raw bran increased fecal dry weight but only the higher dose decreased transit time and increased stool volume. Individual stool size was increased only by raw bran 12g/day. Neither bran influenced fecal wet weight or stool frequency. This study suggests that the cereal manufacturing process alters wheat bran so that cooked bran has less effect on the intestine than does a comparable amount of raw bran.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of wheat bran on intestinal transit.

In 18 students and two members of staff at a boys' boarding school, the time taken to pass 20 out of 25 radiopaque pellets varied from one to seven days while the subjects were eating a normal English diet. After the additon of bran, about 20 g daily, to this diet transit time fell from 2-75 plus or minus 1-6 to 2-0 plus or minus 0-9 days (P smaller than 0-025). Transit became faster in all nine subjects who had an initial time of three days or more, and in three of seven with an initial time of two days, but became slower in all four boys with an initial one-day transit. Frequency of defaecation correlated poorly with transit time (a once daily bowel action being found with transit times ranging from one to four days), and did not increase significantly with bran. In 10 additional adults with slow initial transit (three or four days) the effect of bran was compared with that of an equal volume of ground oatflakes in a double-blind crossover trial. Bran caused a significant acceleration of transit, wherease oatmeal had no effect. These studies confirm that bran accelerates slow intestinal transit and show that this is not simply a psychological effect. Bran may also slow down fast transit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man.

The metabolism of [24-14C] deoxycholic acid was studied in humans with an intact enterohepatic circulation. Two metabolites were identified in hydrolysed duodenal bile: 3alpha-hydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanoic and 3beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acids. Quantitative analysis of one sample showed the amounts of these compounds to be about 2 and 0.5%, respectively, of the amount of deoxycholic acid. A small percentage of deoxycholic acid, less than 3%, was found in a fraction having the chromatographic property of conjugated bile acid sulphates. About 15% of the identified metabolites were found in this fraction, which also contained more than 50% of the biliary lithocholate and 90% of the biliary 3beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoate.

Bile↗
PubMed1974

Pruritic effect of bile salts.

The pruritic effect of purified bile salts has been tested by applying them to blister bases. All the salts tested were pruritogens, but the dihydroxy salts (especially unconjugated chenodeoxycholate) were more effective than the trihydroxy salts. This may explain the poor correlation between total serum bile salt concentration and pruritus in obstructive jaundice.

Adolescent↗