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Biomedical subjects

K W Heaton

Publications and source records attributed to K W Heaton.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Lipid composition of bile in diabetics and obesity-matched controls.

Duodenal bile from 27 diabetes was compared with samples from healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Cholesterol saturation and the molar percentages of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were not significantly different. Most bile samples were supersaturated in both groups. The maturity onset diabetics who were almost all obese had more saturated bile than the slimmer juvenile onset patients. Body fatness and plasma triglyceride levels were both positively correlated with the cholesterol saturation of bile in the controls but not in the diabetics. Bile was less concentrated in female diabetics than in controls, which is consistent with impaired gallbladder emptying. It is possible that the increased prevalence of gallstones in diabetics is due not so much to diabetes itself as to the frequently associated obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel.

A questionnaire to establish the presence of 15 symptoms thought to be typical of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was given to 109 unselected patients referred to gastroenterology or surgery clinics with abdominal pain or a change in bowel habit or both. Review of case records 17--26 months later established a definite diagnosis of IBS in 32 patients and of organic disease in 33. Four symptoms were significantly more common among patients with IBS--namely, distension, relief of pain with bowel movement, and looser and more frequent bowel movements with the onset of pain. Mucus and a sensation of incomplete evacuation were also common in these patients. The more of these symptoms that were present the more likely was it that the patient's pain or altered bowel habit, or both, was due to IBS. We conclude that a careful history can increase diagnostic confidence and reduce the amount of investigation in many patients with chronic abdominal pain.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Gut-hormone profile.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed1978

A simplified procedure for the analysis of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile salts in human bile.

Cholesterol, total bile salts and phospholipids have been measured on alcoholic extracts from human bile-rich duodenal contents. Folch extraction before phospholipid assay was found to be unnecessary and, unless fresh samples are used, it is liable to give misleadingly low values. Removal of bile pigment before measuring cholesterol was unnecessary because this estimation was done by gas-liquid chromatography. The methods described provide a simple, reproducible analysis of bile lipids.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1978

A new syndrome with pigmentation, scleroderma, gynaecomastia, Raynaud's phenomenon and peripheral neuropathy.

A middle-aged man developed impotence, gynaecomastia, peripheral neuropathy, pigmentation lymphadenopathy, scleroderma, malabsorption and Raynaud's phenomenon following prolonged exposure to trichlorethylene. Somes, but not all, of these features have previously been reported in vinyl chloride disease, and trichlorethylene is related chemically to vinyl chloride. Seven patients with a similar but not identical syndrome have been described in Japan and U.S.A., apparently unrelated to exposure to industrial toxins.

Gynecomastia↗
PubMed1978

Variability of colonic function in healthy subjects.

Twenty healthy subjects eating normal diets made repeated five-day stool collections, the 10 females making their collections in four to six successive weeks. In most subjects there were striking variations in transit time, measured by Hinton's method. The variability of average faecal wet and dry weight, faecal volume, and the frequency of defaecation was equally great, suggesting that the transit time variations were genuine. The size of individual stools varied even more, often tenfold or more. Faecal water content was relatively constant. There were no significant differences between males and females, and in the females there were no obvious changes related to the phases of the menstrual cycle. The normal variability of colonic function should be taken into account in planning experiments and in interpreting existing data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bran and bile: time-course of changes in normal young men given a standard dose.

Twelve healthy young men added bran 15 g twice daily to their diet and underwent aspiration of bile-rich duodenal contents at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. In the 6-week sample, but not earlier, there was a significant decrease in deoxycholate and increase in chenodeoxycholate. Bile was unsaturated with cholesterol at the beginning and remained so throughout. The delay in the action of bran may be because it reduces the formation of deoxycholate in the colon and does not merely impede its absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre. Effects on satiety, plasma-glucose, and serum-insulin.

Ten normal subjects ingested test meals based on apples, each containing 60 g available carbohydrate. Fibre-free juice could be consumed eleven times faster than intact apples and four times faster than fibre-disrupted purée. Satiety was assessed numerically. With the rate of ingestion equalised, juice was significantly less satisfying than purée, and purée than apples. Plasma-glucose rose to similar levels after all three meals. However, there was a striking rebound fall after juice, and to a lesser extent after purée, which was not seen after apples. Serum-insulin rose to higher levels after juice and purée than after apples. The removal of fibre from food, and also its physical disruption, can result in faster and easier ingestion, decreased satiety, and disturbed glucose homoeostasis which is probably due to inappropriate insulin release. These effects favour overnutrition and, if often repeated, might lead to diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Wheat fibre and irritable bowel syndrome. A controlled trial.

Twenty-six patients with irritable bowel syndrome entered a controlled trial of diets with a high or low wheat-fibre content. After 6 weeks on the high-wheat fibre regimen there was significant improvement in symptoms and an objective change in colonic motor activity. No such improvement occurred on the low-fibre regimen. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome should be encouraged to increase their daily intake of wheat fibre.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Fluctuations of serum and bile lipid concentrations during the menstrual cycle.

We measured fasting serum and bile lipid concentrations at three intervals during the normal menstrual cycles of 11 healthy women not taking oral contraceptives. In nine of them cholesterol saturation of bile, and therefore presumably the risk of developing gall stones, was higher nine days after midcycle than at the end of menstruation. This change in bile cholesterol saturation was preceded by a significant fall in serum lipid concentrations: during the nine days after mid-cycle serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations fell in nine and eight of the 11 women respectively. Changes in the composition of serum and biliary lipids during the menstrual cycle are presumably due to a direct effect of sex hormones on the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

How trustworthy are bowel histories? Comparison of recalled and recorded information.

One hundred and fifty hospital outpatients were questioned about their bowel habits and then asked to record these in diary booklets for two weeks. Overall, recalled and recorded figures for frequency of defecation agreed fairly closely, but in 16% of patients there was a discrepancy of three or more bowel actions per week. This was usually an exaggeration of the difference from the norm of one a day. Patients were bad at predicting episodes of changed bowel frequency. These findings cast doubt on the value of population surveys of bowel habit based solely on questionnaires. They also suggest that the irritable bowel syndrome might be correctly diagnosed more often if patients were routinely asked to record their bowel actions.

Adult↗