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Biomedical subjects

K V Slavin

Publications and source records attributed to K V Slavin.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Microvascular anatomy of the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata and olive.

The arterial supply and the microanatomy of the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata and olive were studied in 11 cadaveric specimens, with investigation of the size, course, and length of the arteries. Two distinct anatomical entities divide the vascular supply in this region: 1) the pyramid, which is the anterior surface of the medulla; and 2) the olive, which is adjacent to the lateral aspect of the pyramid. Primary vascularization of the pyramid was via small branches of the anterior spinal artery, a branch of the vertebral artery. Minute perforators from the anterior spinal artery were found in all specimens. Arterial supply to the olive varied by location: its anterior aspect was primarily supplied by the anterior spinal artery; the upper portion of the posterior aspect of the olive was supplied by the vertebral artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the basilar artery; and the middle and lower portions of the posterior aspect were fed by the vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery. These arteries supplied the medulla through the small branches directed toward the olive. The authors observed a wide anastomotic net connecting the small arteries in this area. These patterns of microvascular supply of the pyramid and olive may deepen the understanding of clinical and pathological conditions resulting from arterial occlusion. The existence of an anastomotic net may account for the rare incidence of medullary infarction in the olive region.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1995

Use of transcranial cerebral oximetry to monitor regional cerebral oxygen saturation during neuroendovascular procedures.

Using transcranial cerebral oximetry, we monitored 30 patients who underwent cerebral angiography by the femoral route. Transcranial cerebral oximetry is a noninvasive technique of regional cerebral oxygen saturation measurement that uses near-infrared spectroscopy to differentiate oxyhemoglobin from reduced hemoglobin. Needle puncture, catheterization, and contrast media injection produced no significant peak changes in saturation from baseline. Acute and persistent decreases in oxygen saturation were associated with vascular complications and were detected before development of clinical symptoms. Greater changes in saturation were observed during several neuroendovascular procedures, indicating the development of complications, signaling a need to stop further endovascular manipulation.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Clinical experience with transcranial cerebral oximetry.

Transcranial cerebral oximetry based on the principle of near-infrared spectroscopy has been successfully used in a variety of neurosurgical conditions, primarily those associated with disturbed cerebral circulation. The non-invasive technique of cerebral oximetry provides valuable information about brain oxygenation in patients with cerebral ischemia (due to occlusion or stenosis of the internal carotid artery). It is also used in intraoperative monitoring of carotid endarterectomy and surgical procedures performed under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, during neuroendovascular procedures, and in critical care settings (in patients with arterial vasospasm and during the terminal period). This article describes our preliminary clinical experience with the use of this new technique and summarizes the current literature on clinical and experimental use of transcranial cerebral oximetry.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Use of cerebral oximetry to monitor brain oxygenation reserves for skull base surgery.

We used cerebral oximetry based on near-infrared re-emittance spectroscopy for noninvasive evaluation of the cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) to preoperatively assess patients with skull base tumors and giant arterial aneurysms, for whom possible occlusion or partial resection of the internal carotid artery was considered. Monitoring cerebral oxygen saturation was performed during both endovascular (balloon) and open surgical test occlusions of the internal carotid artery. The presence (or absence) of changes in the cerebral oxygen saturation served as a criterion of the patient's tolerance to permanent occlusion of the internal carotid artery. In all cases the curves of saturation accurately corresponded to the clinical condition of the patients, primarily to the developing of neurological signs. Cerebral oximetry was an extremely informative and reliable technique for fast, easy, and noninvasive detection of changes in brain blood circulation. Generally, cerebral oximetry serves as a valuable adjunct in detection of brain tolerance to the occlusion of major arterial vessels and in monitoring the condition of the brain in regard to its oxygenation and perfusion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Optic canal: microanatomic study.

The microsurgical anatomy of the optic canal was defined on 20 cadaveric specimens. Anatomic parameters of the optic canal, optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, and adjacent structures were measured, and relations of these structures were noted. Five variants of the course of the ophthalmic artery relative to the optic nerve in the optic canal were found. Various aspects of microsurgery of the optic canal are discussed in relation to anatomic findings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Pineal region: rare location of a cavernous haemangioma.

Cavernous haemangiomas are commonly located within the central nervous system. There are only 11 cases of this malformation found in the pineal region reported in the literature, and only four of them have documenting photomicrographs. Very little has been written about diagnostic features of these tumours when they occur in this area. We describe our diagnosis of a cavernous haemangioma in the pineal region with special emphasis on its radiologic and histologic aspects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Microsurgical anatomy of the intracranial part of the vertebral artery.

We studied the intracranial portion of the vertebral artery and its branches in 11 cadaveric specimens. We evaluated the course of vessels and their dimensions (external diameter and length), as well as relationships between each of them. The vertebral artery was larger on the left side in two cases, on the right in five cases, and equal on both sides in four cases. The right and left vertebral arteries joined each other forming the basilar artery at the level of the pontomedullary junction in four cases, 2 mm below it in one case, and 1 to 7 mm above it in six cases. We divided all branches of the intracranial vertebral artery into two groups: the medial branches and the lateral branches. Two major types of medial branches were observed: the anterior spinal artery and the branches of the foramen caecum. The origin of the anterior spinal artery was located 6.5 mm (5-11 mm) proximal to vertebrobasilar junction on the right and 8.5 mm (6-17 mm) on the left. The anterior spinal artery was absent on the right in two cases and on the left in one. Branches arising from the vertebral artery to the foramen caecum were found in four brains. Lateral branches originated from the posterolateral or lateral aspect of vertebral artery. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery, the largest branch of the vertebral artery, was included in this group. Other branches were mostly located between the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the vertebrobasilar junction. Forty-six lateral branches originating from the vertebral artery were found in 11 brains (26 on the right and 20 on the left). Lateral branches widely anastomosed with perforators from the basilar artery, posterior inferior cerebral artery, and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Arteriovenous Anastomosis↗
PubMed1994

Microsurgical anatomy of the trigeminal nerve.

We studied the trigeminal nerve in the middle cranial fossa in 20 cadaveric specimens (10 fixed skull base). Specifically, we analysed the relationships among the gasserion or trigeminal ganglion (herein referred to as the gasserion ganglion), the internal carotid artery, and the petrous bone. The dimensions of the trigeminal ganglia, the length from the ganglia to the exit foramina, and the width of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and manidibular nerves were also studied. The foramina of the middle cranial fossa were measured for their diameter and their distance from each other. Our paper compares our study to previous studies and the measurements taken in those studies. The lesions affecting the ganglion and the nerves are discussed and the surgical approaches to the middle cranial fossa, the petrous bone, and the upper clivus are also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Parapontine epidermoid tumours presenting as trigeminal neuralgias: anatomical findings and operative results.

Four cases of medically intractable trigeminal neuralgia caused by parapontine epidermoid tumours are reported. All patients presented with typical trigeminal neuralgia and low-density area in the parapontine region on CT-scans. Neurologically in all cases slight hypaesthesia in various divisions of the trigeminal nerve without other neurological signs was revealed. Trigeminal pain was completely relieved after surgery in all patients. Facial sensory disturbances and pain occur in patients with parapontine epidermoid tumour as a result of direct tumourous compression (and hypothetically toxic effects on the nerve root from the tumourous contents).

Adult↗