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Biomedical subjects

K Uno

Publications and source records attributed to K Uno.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Magnetic resonance imaging of small nasopharyngeal tumors].

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 9 patients with a small nasopharyngeal tumor were examined, and among them three cases were evaluated with Gd-DTPA enhancement technique. All cases showed no asymmetry of parapharyngeal space, but they presented neck lymph nodes swelling. These cases were proved malignant by surgical procedures and the blind biopsy. MR findings of levator and tensor veli palatini muscles and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were retrospectively evaluated in correlation with endoscopic examination and biopsy. In six cases among 9 patients, MR images demonstrated tumors on the lateral wall of nasopharynx. Infiltration of levator veli palatini muscle was an especially important earlier sign of nasopharyngeal tumor invasion because the levator veli palatini muscle belongs to the intrapharyngeal muscle group. Endoscopic examination could not reveal any abnormal lesion in three cases among these 6 cases. No definite signal intensity difference between tumor and pharyngeal mucosa was shown on both T1 and T2 weighted images. But the normal pharyngeal mucosa had demonstrated higher intensity than tumor with Gd-DTPA administration. So the enhanced nasopharyngeal MR imaging made the clear intensity difference between tumor and muscle tissue. It was the conclusion that MR imaging was superior to X-CT in detecting small nasopharyngeal tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Macrophage-activating factor extracted from mycoplasmas.

Mycoplasmas (M. gallisepticum, chicken mycoplasmas), in concert with interferon gamma (IFN gamma), were effective in activating macrophages (M theta) to be tumoricidal. The M theta-activating capacity of mycoplasmas was maintained after treatment with heat. 0.1 M NaOH, 1 M HCl, or trypsin. M theta-activating factor was extracted from mycoplasmas with chloroform/methanol and water (Mf-B). Mf-B was also effective in activating M theta in the presence of IFN gamma. The threshold dose of Mf-B for M theta of ordinary C3H/He mice and that for those of C3H/HeJ mice, the latter being known to be low responders to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, were actually the same. This seems to indicate that the effectiveness of Mf-B was not attributable to possibly contaminating lipopolysaccharides, and that the pathway of activity of Mf-B is different from that of lipopolysaccharides. Since the M theta-activating principle was only a very small part of Mf-B, we have not yet succeeded in identifying it, but there was no evidence that it was protein, nucleic acid, sugar, or lipid. The cytotoxicity of M theta activated by Mf-B plus IFN gamma was dependent on L-arginine in the culture, suggesting that arginine metabolites are involved in M theta cytotoxicity. Mf-B induced a small amount of tumor necrosis factor in M theta, and this induction was markedly enhanced by IFN gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Technetium-99m HMPAO labeled leukocytes in inflammation imaging.

Technetium-99m-HMPAO (Tc-99m-HMPAO) labeled leukocyte imaging was carried out in 19 patients at 3-5 hr after reinjection. There were no side effects noted. Tc-99m leukocyte images showed gall bladder, colon, kidney, and urinary bladder activity in normal distribution as a result of excretion of the eluted Tc-99m complex. They yielded a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 95%. They were correctly positive in 14 out of 19 cases. But one false negative case was seen in a patient with pyonephrosis showing a lack of renal function with decreased renal blood flow. It was concluded that they have some advantages over In-111 leukocyte images, but we have to consider the fact that the ureteral obstruction or the lack of renal function with decreased renal blood flow may result in a false positive or a false negative case.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mechanisms of pulsus alternans: its relation to alternation of regional contraction and elevated ST segment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between pulsus alternans and changes in regional myocardial contraction on the ST segment of the epicardial electrocardiogram (ECG) in open-chest dogs with coronary flow reduction and pacing. With flow reduction and pacing, alternation of regional contraction appeared primarily in shortening of the end-systolic length, and secondly in elongation of the end-diastolic length. Regional mechanical alternans was observed along with alternation of the ST segment of the epicardial ECG and was followed by pulsus alternans in some dogs. When adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was measured at the end of the experiment, its level was preserved in dogs with pulsus alternans following regional mechanical alternans more than in those with regional mechanical alternans alone. We concluded that regional mechanical alternans is caused by the alternate changes in intrinsic contractility, probably due to alternations of Ca++ transients, since it was accompanied by ST electrical alternans. In addition, pulsus alternans might be beneficial to ischemic myocardium by causing a decrease in the consumption of high energy phosphates.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic factors for local control in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC): analysis by multivariate proportional hazard models.

Despite the development of meticulous radiation therapy techniques, the local control of the nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains unsatisfactory. We examined retrospectively the clinicopathologic factors which have impact upon local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) of the 67 patients with NPC who had been irradiated greater than or equal to 40 Gy with curative intent from 1975 through 1988. Three-year LRFS rate was 63%. T stage, histology, the presence of accompanying lymphocytic infiltration, and the properness of radiation therapy had influence upon LRFS with a statistical significance. Multivariate proportional hazard models showed that T stage and pathology retained significance. Radiation therapy properness emerged as a third factor when only the patients irradiated greater than or equal to 60 Gy were included in the analysis. From these results, three groups with low, moderate, and high risk of shortened LRFS could be separated. This risk classification could contribute to the stratification criteria of future study for the improvement of local control by new modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma confined to the nasal cavity: its relationship to the polymorphic reticulosis and results of radiation therapy.

From 1975 through 1988, nine patients with locally confined nasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with radiation therapy in the Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital. Immunohistochemical study disclosed that all NHL's have T-lineage. Additionally, unique histological pictures of polymorphism, angiodestruction, and necrosis were seen in most of cases. These three findings are the histological features of polymorphic reticulosis (PMR), which is the main cause of lethal midline granuloma and has recently been shown to belong to T-cell malignancy. Therefore, it is concluded that the nasal T-cell NHL and PMR are really a single disease entity. The predominance of the T-cell lymphoma in the nasal cavity as well as its histological distinctness clearly indicate that the head and neck extranodal NHL cannot be discussed together. Although the disorder was considered to be locally limited at presentation, only 3 of the 9 patients with nasal NHL could be induced into long-term remission with involved field radiotherapy. The distant extranodal spread was the primary cause of failure. Multimodality treatment using intensive chemotherapy might improve the prognosis of nasal NHL.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Possible role of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

The possibility that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) could participate in the development of diabetic nephropathy was evaluated in streptozocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were divided into two groups: aminoguanidine treated group (25 mg/kg body wt, daily i.p. injection; DM-AG group) and untreated group (DM group). Non-diabetic age-matched rats were also divided into two groups with the same manner and used as controls. After twelve weeks of treatment, glomerular basement membranes (GBM) were isolated from rats of each experimental group. When thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from normal rats were incubated with these GBM materials, GBM from DM group induced significantly greater levels of TNF and IL-1 production than did GBM from other three groups with at doses of 2.5 to 10 mg. The TNF and IL-1 production by stimulation of GBM from the DM-AG group were similar to those from each control group. Aminoguanidine treatment significantly decreased the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in GBM of diabetic rats. These findings suggest that AGE-proteins may be involved in the production of TNF and IL-1 from M phi. AGE-induced cytokines may be implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1991

Alteration of physiological activity of activated macrophages through L-arginine metabolism.

Our aim in this study was to define the effect of L-arginine on macrophages (M phi) in relation to the decay of tumoricidal activity of activated M phi. We found that the activated M phi retained their cytotoxicity when cultured in L-arginine-deficient medium but not in conventional medium. Such a decline of tumoricidal activity was associated with increase of glucose consumption and concomitant lactate production, resulting in M phi death. Addition of glucose to the culture medium of activated M phi appeared to cause only a slight delay of the decrease of tumoricidal activity and M phi death. These events were also coincident with a decrease of electron transport activity in mitochondria. Cytological observation by electron microscopy clearly showed the structural alteration or destruction of mitochondria, which preceded the changes of other physiological and functional activities. These results demonstrate that the L-arginine-dependent cytolytic activity against tumor target cells also impairs M phi functions and ultimately induces M phi death, which is primarily mediated by the inhibition of mitochondrial activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of cross-reactivities of imipenem and other beta-lactam antibiotics by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs.

The cross-reactivity of imipenem (IPM) in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was investigated by intradermal skin reaction, macrophage migration inhibition tests (MIT) and lymphocyte stimulation tests (LST) in guinea pigs. The animals were immunized with IPM, ampicillin (ABPC) or cephalexin (CEX) using Freund's complete adjuvant. Three sensitized-drugs exhibited the same immunogenicity in the skin reaction. The cross-reactivities in skin reaction among IPM, sulbactam, aztreonam, ABPC and 6-aminopenicillanic acid as penam, and CEX, ceftizoxime, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid as cephem were examined. IPM did not show cross-reactions with any of the tested drugs in three sensitized groups, indicating that the drugs possessed no cross-reactivity with tested beta-lactams in DTH. In MIT, 4 or 5 of 6 animals reacted to be sensitized drugs in each group. The cross-reactivity of IPM- and ABPC-sensitized groups in MIT was similar to that of a skin reaction, however, the CEX-sensitized animals showed broad cross-reactions. Using a kind of test drug, one or two animals in the ABPC-sensitized group showed migration enhancement, but IPM- or CEX-sensitized animals did not exhibit migration enhancement. In LST, most of the animals tested exhibited lymphocyte prolifration by sensitized drugs but a cross-reaction was scarcely observed. The above results suggest that among beta-lactams, IPM has a very low cross-reactivity. LST is considered to be more a useful assay than MIT for in vitro identification of causative drugs in animal models.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma in neck lymph nodes: prognostic factor of laryngeal cancer.

Fifty-two patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent radical neck dissections were studied to provide further information on the prognosis of various clinical and histopathological parameters. Extracapsular spread (ECS) was found in 31% of patients with N1 nodes, and in 60% of patients with histopathologically positive nodes. The 5-year survival rate of histopathological findings was as follows: patients with no pathological evidence of neck metastasis (81%), patients with neck metastasis confined to the lymph node (no ECS) (76%), and patients with ECS (17%). The difference in survival rate between patients with no ECS and patients with ECS was statistically significant (P = .001). Staging classification, T-stage classification, the number of malignant nodes, the diameter of malignant nodes, and combined therapy had no prognostic importance. The most significant factor was the presence of extracapsular spread.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

Normalized left ventricular filling indexes to detect diastolic dysfunction in hypertension and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

In order to establish a normalizing method for left ventricular filling indexes, peak filling rate (PFR) and time to peak filling rate (TPFR), derived from resting radionuclide ventriculography using Fourier analysis with third-order harmonics, were analyzed in 45 normal subjects, 40 hypertensive patients, and 29 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PFR was significantly negatively correlated with age (r = -0.62) and significantly positively correlated with peak ejection rate (PER) (r = 0.58) in normals. TPFR normalized for heart rate (N-TPFR) was correlated positively with age in normals (r = 0.60) and hypertensives (r = 0.49) but not in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N-TPFR was not significantly correlated with systolic parameters. A significant relationship between PFR normalized to PER (PFR/PER) and age was observed in normals (r = -0.58) but not in patients with hypertension or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To cancel the ageing effect, individual data of PFR/PER and N-TPFR were expressed as a percentage of the predicted regression value in normal subjects (%PFR/PER and %N-TPFR, respectively). Per cent PFR/PER was significantly lower and %N-TPFR was significantly greater in patients with hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared to normals. When normal limits of these indexes were defined as %PFR/PER greater than 80% and %N-TPFR less than 120%, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of differentiating normals from patients with hypertension or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were 41 of 45 (91%), 44 of 68 (65%), and 85 of 113 (75%), respectively. These findings indicate that %PFR/PER and %N-TPFR might be more reasonably normalized parameters for describing diastolic filling and its abnormality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Interactions of immunoglobulins and chondrocytes.

Our study relates to damage of articular cartilage by deposition of immune complexes. Addition of IgG to cultured chondrocytes affected their metabolism--boosting metalloprotease synthesis, generating superoxide anion (O2-), and reducing the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG). Heat aggregation of the IgG enhanced its effect on O2- and S-GAG. Some interleukin 1 beta (38 pg/ml) was detected by ELISA after exposure to heat aggregated IgG. There was no cytotoxic effect due to IgG alone, but addition of complement (5% bovine serum) caused significant loss of intracellular 51Cr, which was further increased by addition of heat aggregated IgG. Similar responses of chondrocytes in vivo might account for immune complex mediated damage of cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Steroid induced early changes of the femoral head in man--histological study of autopsied cases].

High dose corticosteroid therapy constitutes one of major causes of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. To examine the early changes of the femoral head induced by corticosteroid therapy, 20 femoral heads were obtained at autopsy and the other 19 femoral heads without having been on steroid were served as controls. Histological examination from steroid treated group revealed that in areas of subchondral bone there were observed necrotic changes of osteocytes. The nucleus was so pressed to one side of the cell as to assume crescent like aspect. When stained with Sudan IV, fat positive materials were found in the osteocyte lacunae. Electron micrographic examination revealed intracellular fat as low electron dense droplets in these degenerative osteocytes. Examination of bone marrow showed an increase of the number of fat cells in steroid treated group. These changes in man may represent some failure in lipid metabolism, although it is unknown whether these events may produce osteonecrosis of the femoral heads.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

The use of FDG-PET in the detection and management of malignant lymphoma: correlation of uptake with prognosis.

Twenty-one patients with untreated malignant lymphoma in the head and neck region were evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and gallium-67 SPECT imaging. Tumor-to-normal soft-tissue contrast ratios (TCRs) obtained 60 min after injection of FDG were higher than 2.6, and all malignant lymphomas were clearly visualized. In patients with poor prognosis, higher TCRs and glucose utilization rates (GURs) were observed, whereas low TCR and GUR were shown in a patient with low-grade malignancy. In comparison with 67Ga scintigraphy, patients with high TCRs and GURs were likely to show increased accumulation of gallium-67, but accumulation of gallium-67 was not increased as much as FDG in poor prognostic patients. FDG-PET may be useful in the detection and management of malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗