Biomedical subjects

K Uno

Publications and source records attributed to K Uno.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Experience with laparoscopic double gallbladder removal.

Double gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly and an encounter with it while performing cholecystectomy laparoscopically is a challenge to the laparoscopic surgeon. A 28-year-old man complaining of epigastric pain was evaluated at Teikyo University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Japan. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. Ultrasonography revealed an acoustic shadow in each compartment without any inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. No lesions were endoscopically noted in the stomach. CT scan could not demonstrate the anomaly. ERCP revealed a duplication of the gallbladder shadow with a stone in each vesicle and also the confluence of two cystic ducts from both the gallbladders draining into the common bile duct (CBD). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully in this case. This paper presents this particular case because of double gallbladder's rarity in the literature and to emphasize the importance of preoperative cholangiographic evaluation for double gallbladder. The laparoscopic surgeon is given an idea of the meticulous dissection at the "hepatocystic triangle" due to the various other vascular and other congenital anomalies associated with it. An account of the classification of this congenital abnormality and its various types is also discussed here.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Improved lung function by urokinase infusion in canine lung transplantation using non-heart-beating donors.

We evaluated the effect of urokinase on pulmonary microthrombi formation of the donor lung using a canine cadaver left lung allotransplantation model. Donor animals were sacrificed with an intravenous injection of potassium chloride without heparinization and were divided into three groups. In group 1 (n = 6), cadavers were left at room temperature for 1 hour, and lung retrieval was then performed after flushing the lung block with low potassium-dextran-glucose solution. Donor lungs were stored for 3 hours at 8 degrees C. In group 2 (n = 6), donor lungs were treated as in group 1 except that the cadavers were left at room temperature for 2 hours instead of 1 hour before lung retrieval. In group 3 (n = 6), donor lungs were treated as in group 2 except that high-dose urokinase (120,000 IU) was injected into the main pulmonary artery after flushing with low-potassium-dextrose-glucose solution. In all groups after left lung transplantation, the right pulmonary artery was ligated, and recipient animals were followed up for 6 hours after reperfusion. The fibrin degradation product level in the donor lung tissue was also measured. All recipient animals in group 1 survived the 6-hour observation period with excellent gas exchange and stable hemodynamics. Group 3 had significantly better gas exchange than group 2 and similar cardiopulmonary function as group 1. The fibrin degradation product level in the donor lungs before transplantation was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Antenatal diagnosis of biliary atresia (type I cyst) at 19 weeks' gestation: differential diagnosis and etiologic implications.

At 19 weeks' gestation, two cystic structures were first identified in the abdomen of a fetus. A repeat ultrasonography at 34 weeks confirmed a definite cyst communicating with the liver. The baby was born at 39 weeks, and serum direct bilirubin started to rise to 4.1 mg/dL. An operative cholangiogram at 23 days of life showed a cystically dilated choledochus with distal atresia and a relatively smooth yet hypoplastic intrahepatic biliary tree. Complete obliteration of the cystic duct was also noted. After excision of the cystic common bile duct, hepatico-jejunal anastomosis was performed, and the patient did well for 8 months postoperatively. Liver biopsy showed proliferation of the bile ductules, but no interlobular bile ducts were observed in any portal triad. A diagnosis of biliary atresia was established. Including the present case, five cases of antenatally diagnosed biliary atresia have been reported. All of them had type I cyst, and antenatal diagnosis was made at 19 to 32 weeks' gestation. Differential diagnosis between biliary atresia of type I cyst and choledochal cyst with complete distal obstruction has been a matter of discussion, and recognition of the entity of antenatally diagnosed biliary atresia is of significant importance from an etiological point of view.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Exogenous and endogenous type I interferons inhibit interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase expression in murine peritoneal macrophages.

We investigated the effect of type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) on IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by murine peritoneal macrophages. It was found that exogenous and also endogenous type I IFNs suppressed IFN-gamma-induced NO production, cytosolic inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, and iNOS mRNA accumulation in macrophages. Furthermore, we show here that type I IFNs prevent the NO-mediated deterioration of mitochondrial respiratory activity in macrophages. These results seem to indicate a possible protective role of type I IFNs against the NO-mediated immunosuppressive and/or cytotoxic effect of macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Increased protection of the ischemic myocardium by decreased aortic pressure.

The elevation of aortic pressure increases myocardial oxygen consumption and increases the blood supply to the myocardium. It is not obvious whether elevated systemic arterial pressure would enhance or diminish myocardial protection during acute myocardial ischemia. This report reviews previously published data on the effects of aortic pressure elevation on the coronary pressure-flow relationship, and on the ischemic myocardium in the dog. The shift of the maximally-dilated coronary pressure-flow line to the right on the pressure-flow diagram is an indication of the deterioration of the oxygen supply/demand ratio caused by aortic pressure elevation. The only maneuver recognized for protecting the ischemic myocardium is early reperfusion. In patients with de novo acute myocardial ischemia, we propose that myocardial protection can be enhanced by reduction of systemic blood pressure until coronary reperfusion therapy is initiated.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of hilar 67Ga-citrate uptake in bronchogenic carcinoma].

We evaluated hilar uptake on 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy and correlated with hilar lymph node metastases in one-hundred seventeen cases (two-hundred thirty four hila) of bronchogenic carcinoma. Hilar uptake was classified into three grades independently on anterior and posterior chest views: no uptake (grade 0), uptake equal to that in the thoracic vertebrae (grade 1), uptake higher than that in the thoracic vertebrae (grade 2). If a summed grade of anterior and posterior view was larger than 3, hilar uptake was considered as positive. In forty-four cases (forty-nine hila) with hilar lymph node metastases, positive hilar uptake was found in ten cases (eleven hila), resulting in sensitivity of 22% based on cases and 23% based on hila. In seventy-three cases (one-hundred forty-six hila) without hilar lymph node metastases, positive hilar uptake was found in six cases (ten hila), resulting in specificity of 91% based on cases and 93% based on hila. In comparison to scintigraphic findings of unilaterally positive hilar uptake, findings of bilaterally positive hilar uptake showed significantly lower accuracy in determining presence of hilar lymph node metastases. No definite correlation between hilar uptake and histopathology or 67Ga-citrate uptake in a primary tumor was observed. The results indicate that usefulness of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy is limited when evaluating hilar lymph node metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Correlation analysis between patlak plot and DAR using 11C-methionine PET].

Seven patients were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) using 11C-methionine. All had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but one, who had Hodgkin's disease. By assuming a simple three-compartment model for dynamic data analysis, we used the graphic method proposed by Patlak et al., where Ki (K2K3/(K1+K3)) was compared with DAR (differential absorption ratio). Trichloroacetate was added to each plasma sample, and the activity of the acid-soluble fraction was counted to eliminate the influence of the protein-bound fraction of injected activity. Patlak data plots, using this acid-soluble fraction as an input factor, showed good linearity over the time of data collection. All tumors showed clear 11C-methionine accumulation. Tumor activity reached almost a plateau within 10 min and was kept at the same level for at least 30 min. Ki and DAR were 0.070 +/- 0.035 and 4.64 +/- 1.85 (mean +/- SD), respectively. There was no apparent correlation between histological type and Ki or DAR, while the correlation efficient between Ki and DAR was 0.875. Our conclusion is that DAR will give almost the same result as dynamic data in the analysis of methionine metabolism using PET.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[A Japanese family with congenital abnormal plasminogen].

A Japanese family with congenital abnormal plasminogen is reported. The patient was a 44-year-old male with no past history of thrombosis. Since only the plasminogen (PLG) activity was reduced on laboratory tests before surgery for lumbar disc herniation, coagulation and fibrinolysis studies were performed in the patient and his family. The patient underwent resection of the nucleus pulposus and posteriorlateral fixation of the lumbar spine. The PLG activity was 8% in the patient and his sister, 55% in his father, and 53% and 48% in his nephew brothers. The PLG antigen level was normal in all members of his family examined. IEF of PLG antigen showed abnormal patterns in which all bands were shifted slightly to the cathode side in the patient and his sister, but his father and nephew brothers exhibited duplicated bands showing combinations of normal and abnormal patterns. From these results, the proband and his sister were considered to be homozygotes, and his father and nephew brothers to be heterozygotes for congenital abnormal plasminogen. Acute reactant substances (fibrinogen, CRP, CPK, C1IN, alpha 1AT, etc.) and PIC (plasmin, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex) increased after the operation due to the surgical insult, but the surgery did not trigger thrombosis. This patient is considered not to have developed thrombosis although he was a homozygote for congenital abnormal plasminogen, because the anticoagulation process until thrombogenesis was normal.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical analysis of lung cancer in patients with chondromatous hamartoma].

Between 1978 and 1993, 776 patients with lung cancer and 18 patients with chondromatous hamartoma were operated on in the department of Surgery II in Okayama University Hospital. 3 patients had both lung cancers and chondromatous hamartomas. They were all men. Two patients were 65 years old and the other was 82 years old. They all pointed out them by a medical examination of chest X-ray. 2 patients had lung cancers and chondromatous hamartomas in the same lobe, the other had them in other lobe of the same side. Lung cancer and chondromatous hamartoma localized in near area. It was difficult to discriminate chondromatous hamartoma between pulmonary metastasis of lung cancer before an operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

[A study of clinical significance of leukocyte migration inhibition test in drug-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis].

In 71 patients suspected of drug-induced pneumonitis, the identification of the allergenic drugs were studied by leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT). The LMIT was positive in 61 cases (85.9%). Leukocyte migration activating factor (LMAF) was detected in 22 cases (30.9%), and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) in 39 cases (54.9%), which was found significantly higher than LMAF (p < 0.05). There was no considerable difference in the LMIT-positive rate between interstial and eosinophilic pneumonia. The LMIT-positive drugs were detected in 66 of all 180 suspected drugs, in which 33 drugs (50%) were antibacterial agents and 11 were Kampo prescriptions. beta-Lactam antibiotics accounted for about half the number (16 drugs) in antibacterial agents. LMAF was detected more frequently in beta-lactam antibiotics-induced pneumonitis, which LMIF was detected more often in Kampo prescriptions-induced pneumonitis (p < 0.005). Furthermore, the latent period from drug initial to the onset of pneumonitis were about 10 days in beta-lactam antibiotics-induced pneumonitis and a few months in Kampo prescriptions-induced pneumonitis (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that LMIT is valuable to identify the allergenic drugs in drug-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis and that delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), with which LMIF is related closely, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this lung lesion. Furthermore, the pathogenic mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics-induced pneumonitis may be different from that of Kampo prescriptions-induced pneumonitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Tumor blood flow measured by dynamic CT].

A method of measuring tumor blood flow by dynamic CT (DCT) was devised, and the reliability of data obtained by the new method was investigated. The subjects were 16 patients with superficial tumors who underwent measurement of tumor blood flow by both the new DCT-based method and 15O gas positron emission tomography (PET). The results showed that tumor blood flow as measured by the new DCT-based method was about 1.2 times greater than that measured by PET, and both data yielded a straight line passing almost through the origin (proportional relationships); the correlation coefficient was 0.836. On the basis of these studies, it was concluded that the newly devised DCT-based method yields reliable data in the measurement of tumor blood flow.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Fat suppression failure artifacts at the susceptibility interface on frequency selective fat suppression MR imaging in the head and neck].

Fat suppression MR imaging is a valuable technique mainly used for the orbit, head and neck, and spine, where the high signal from fat can often obscure adjacent pathology. Fat suppression failure artifact manifested as a high signal area without geographic distortion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and common location of these artifacts in clinical MR imaging and to caution against their misinterpretation. Fat suppression MR imaging of the head and neck was performed in 30 consecutive patients. The artifact was found in the orbital floor (57%), the skull base (10%), and subcutaneous fat (10%), where the air-fat interface is parallel to the static magnetic field direction. The fat signal in the air-fat interface perpendicular to the static magnetic field was well suppressed. This artifact was independent of the duration of TE, frequency/phase encoding direction, and the strength of gradient amplitude, and appeared to be related to the amount of surrounding air. This may simulate pathology if fat suppression is only performed following Gd-DTPA administration. The radiologist should be aware of the presence of artifact by considering the geographic relation to the static magnetic field.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1994

FDG-PET for predicting the prognosis of malignant lymphoma.

To evaluate the usefulness of FDG-PET as a predictor of prognosis, 34 patients with untreated malignant lymphoma in the head and neck region were studied. After FDG-PET and treatment, they were observed from 15 to 50 months. Tumors which were aggressive and resistant to treatment tended to show high uptake of FDG. The survival rate of patients with high uptake of FDG, DAR > or = 8, was lower than the rate of the other patients. It is considered to be useful to add FDG uptake of the tumor to other prognostic factors for predicting the prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

FDG-PET for the evaluation of tumor viability after anticancer therapy.

To evaluate positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) as an diagnostic tool to determine tumor viability after anticancer therapy, fourteen patients were examined by FDG-PET after the end of the treatment. The lesions with residual viable tumor cells showed higher uptake of FDG than surrounding normal soft tissue. The lesions, in which tumor viability was lost or very low, showed higher uptake of FDG in four cases and similar uptake to normal soft tissue in three cases. The residual increased uptake of FDG was considered to be caused by remaining tumor cells and/or inflammatory reaction to anticancer treatment. FDG-PET after anticancer treatment should be interpreted by considering the reaction due to the treatment and the partial volume artifact of PET caused by the limited spatial resolution.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Augmenting effect of opioid peptides on murine macrophage activation.

We investigated the effect of several opioid peptides on the activation of murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (M phi) in vitro. M phi were treated with interferon (IFN) as a priming agent and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a triggering agent in the presence or absence of opioid peptides. M phi activation was assessed by their tumoricidal activity. When treatment with IFN and LPS resulted in a high level activation of M phi, dynorphin-A exerted no further enhancing effect. When treatment induced only weak activation, however, dynorphin-A augmented the M phi activation. Leucine-enkephalin, methionine-enkephalin, and also beta-endorphin had augmenting effects. An opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, reduced the effect of dynorphin-A and beta-endorphin. When M phi were treated sequentially with IFN and LPS, beta-endorphin operated in combination with LPS only. Moreover, beta-endorphin was effective for already activated M phi. These results indicate that opioid peptides act on M phi via classical opioid receptors, and that responsiveness to opioid peptides is induced in the triggering stage of M phi activation.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

DNA strand-breaking activities of quinolone antimicrobial agents under visible light irradiation.

The DNA strand-breaking activities of 9 quinolones, widely used as antimicrobial agents and suspected to induce photo-dermatological disorders in humans, were examined under irradiation using standard domestic fluorescent lamps. Two quinolones, tosufloxacin and enoxacin, converted the supercoiled covalently closed circular plasmid DNA to the open circular form under visible light irradiation. The maximum of photodynamic single strand-breaking activity for tosufloxacin was found to be 12% at 50 microM and that of enoxacin was 33% at a concentration of 2 mM. The DNA strand-breaking activities of photoirradiated tosufloxacin and enoxacin were markedly inhibited by NaN3 but only partially by D-mannitol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase did not inhibit these activities. These results suggest that some quinolone antimicrobial agents can be activated by visible light and induce phototoxic DNA damage in various organisms. We should carefully investigate such phototoxic activities during the development of new quinolones to avoid producing phototoxic disorders in man.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1994

Mechanism of leukemic cell lysis by activated human macrophages: leukemic cells can be lysed without direct contact.

We recently reported that human macrophages effectively destroyed leukemic cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of leukemic cell lysis by human macrophages. Human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages were activated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Activated macrophages exhibited lytic activity against leukemic cells (K562 and HL-60 cells) by cocultivation. When macrophages and these leukemic cells were separated by a microporous membrane, activated macrophages did not show any lytic activity against these leukemic cells. However, activated macrophages interacting with leukemic cells under the microporous membrane exhibited lytic activity against leukemic cells that were placed on the microporous membrane. Different kinds of leukemic cells were also effective to induce such lytic activity in the macrophages, but normal lymphocytes could not. Culture supernatants of activated macrophages incubated with leukemic cells did not have cytolytic activity against leukemic cells. The leukemic cells used in this study were confirmed to be resistant to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but the activated macrophage-mediated cytolytic activity was significantly inhibited by the anti-TNF antibody. These findings suggested that the contact between macrophages and leukemic cells triggered the secretion of lytic factor(s), and that TNF and other labile factor(s) co-operatively functioned to lyse leukemic cells.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗

PubMed1994

[Nontraumatic femoral head necrosis: classification of bone scintigraphic findings and diagnostic value of SPECT following planar imaging].

This study was conducted to determine bone scintigraphic findings in nontraumatic femoral head avascular necrosis and diagnostic value of SPECT imaging following a conventional planar imaging. Forty-three femoral heads in twenty-six cases with idiopathic femoral head necrosis (n = 2), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 22), aplastic anemia (n = 1), and renal transplantation (n = 1) were studied. The diagnosis for femoral head necrosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging as well as other diagnostic studies in all cases. Scintigraphic findings of planar and SPECT images were classified into six categories: normal (N); cold or decrease (C); partial increase with cold or decrease (PH+C); ring-like increase with a cold center (RH+C); partial increase (PH); diffuse and/or irregular increase (DH). Avascular necrosis was confirmed in twenty-four femoral heads, in which planar and SPECT images showed scintigraphic findings of N (n = 3, 2), C (n = 1, 3), PH+C (n = 2, 8), RH+C (n = 2, 3), PH (n = 9, 2), and DH (n = 7, 6), respectively. Femoral heads without avascular necrosis demonstrated planar and SPECT findings of N (n = 16, 12), C (n = 0, 6), and DH (n = 3, 1), respectively. When considering C, PH+C, and RH+C as diagnostic findings for avascular necrosis, sensitivities of planar and SPECT images were 21% and 58%, and specificities were 100% and 68%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗