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Biomedical subjects

K Uchiyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Uchiyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The preventive effect of granisetron on digestive tract symptoms induced by arterial infusion of anticancer and hypertensive agents in combination with radiotherapy--a study of forty patients with bladder cancer].

Forty patients with bladder cancer who underwent radiotherapy with angiotensin II, a hypertensor, and two cycles of arterial infusion of anticancer chemotherapies, including cisplatin 100 mg/body, were randomly assigned to a granisetron group and a non-granisetron group for comparative study of its prophylactic effect on nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Granisetron proved significantly effective in preventing nausea, as 75% of granisetron-administered patients experienced either only slight nausea or none at all, against only 22.5% in the non-granisetron group. The number of vomiting episodes was zero during the three-day observation period in 28 out of 40 (70%) granisetron-administered patients compared with 6 patients (15%) in the non-granisetron group. A significant difference in prophylactic effect on anorexia was demonstrated between the granisetron and non-granisetron group, indicating that control of alimentary symptoms such as nausea and vomiting influences the severity of anorexia. As to the safety, nausea was lengthened and deteriorated in one patients. Though the physician in charge judged it to be an adverse event too minor to question the safety of granisetron. Thus, granisetron proved to be highly effective and safe in preventing nausea, vomiting and anorexia in patients under concomitant administration of radiotherapy with hypertensor and arterial infusion of anticancer chemotherapies.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for biliary stones: a nationwide survey in Japan.

To assess the current status of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of gall-stones in Japan, we conducted a nationwide survey by sending a questionnaire to 251 institutions using this therapy. Replies were obtained from 50 institutions. The use of ESWL was investigated over the period from its introduction up to October 1992. ESWL was performed on 2,760 of 10,058 patients with gallstones (27.4%). The stones were completely pulverized in 1,021 of these 2,760 patients (37.0%). Complete disappearance was limited to single gallstones less than 20 mm in maximum diameter. A comparison in the number of ESWL sessions revealed no significant difference between the patients with and without a good response. Choledocholithiasis was resolved completely in 44.0% of 157 patients who underwent ESWL for this condition and intrahepatic stones were cured in 18.7% of 32 patients. Therefore, ESWL may be a useful form of conservative therapy for biliary calculi.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1994

Sorting out of cells from different parts and stages of the chick limb bud.

To examine differences in the surface properties of progress zone cells of avian wing buds, we mixed cells from the "progress zone" at different stages. To identify the origin of cells, a chick-specific antibody was used in a mixed culture of chick and quail cells, or cells from one of the stages were labeled with a fluorescent dye, PKH-24. Within 18 hr in mixed culture, cells segregated from each other and formed patches of various sizes. The segregation occurred independently of chondrogenic aggregation, but chondrogenesis occurred later in the center of the patches. Similar segregation was observed in mixed cultures of cells of the anterior progress zone, the posterior progress zone, the anterior subdistal region, and the posterior subdistal region. These results suggest that surface properties of cells in the progress zone and subdistal region change during limb bud development and vary along the anterior-posterior axis of the limb bud.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of fluidity and vesicle size on antitumor activity and myelosuppressive activity of liposomes loaded with daunorubicin.

The effects of fluidity and vesicle size on the antitumor activity and myelosuppressive activity of liposomes loaded with daunorubicin, an anthracycline antitumor drug, were investigated in Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats. Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) or hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine (HEPC), cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate in a molar ratio of 5:4:1 were injected intravenously into rats 5 d after subcutaneous inoculation of Yoshida sarcoma. At non-effect dosage in free drug, HEPC-liposomes with a diameter of 58 or 142 nm showed the greatest inhibitory effect against Yoshida sarcoma among liposomes tested, whereas larger ones (272 nm) had weaker effect. Small EPC-liposomes (57 nm) had no effect. Larger HEPC-liposomes (especially 142 nm) greatly decreased the number of peripheral white blood cell compared with free drug at the same dose, indicating relatively strong myelosuppressive toxicity. However, small EPC- and HEPC-liposomes with a diameter of 57 and 58 nm, respectively, showed toxic effects comparable to that of free drug. Examination of the dose-dependency of therapeutic effects and toxicity indicated encapsulation of daunorubicin in the small HEPC-liposomes to enhance the therapeutic index about 3 times that of free drug. These findings indicate the possibility of using small HEPC-liposome as a drug carrier for targeting solid tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of anti-alpha beta T cell receptor monoclonal antibody on skin allograft rejection in mice].

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens in the context of glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). alpha beta T cell receptor (alpha beta TCR) consists of disulfide-linked heterodimeric glycoproteins composed of alpha- and beta-chain. H57-597 is a hamster monoclonal antibody which is directed against the beta chain of the murine TCR complex. We purified an anti-alpha beta TCR monoclonal antibody (anti-V beta mAb) which had very similar properties to H57-597, and examined the effect of this mAb in complete H-2-disparate skin allograft. C57BL/6 (B6) mice grafted with DBA abdominal skin were injected intraperitoneally with 250 micrograms of anti-V beta mAb just after grafting. These B6 mice rejected their skin grafts with a mean survival time (MST: 8.5 +/- 0.8 days) similar to that of the control mice (MST: 8.5 +/- 0.5 days). To examine the modulation of TCR and the T cell function, B6 mice were injected with only one dose of 250 micrograms of anti-V beta mAb, and lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL), lymph nodes and spleen were tested by flow cytometric analysis (FCM), mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell mediated lympholysis (CML) on days 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 post-injection. There were no detectable Thy-1.2+ alpha beta TCR+ cells present in these organs by FCM for the first 1 week after the administration of mAb, but about 26% of Thy-1.2+ cells still remained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A study of intra-arterial infusion with carboplatin (CBDCA) for 2 patients with maxillary gingival cancer].

In 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary gingiva, carboplatin (CBDCA) was administered by continuous infusion for 5 days, and the clinical outcome and platinum concentrations in the peripheral blood, urine and tissue were investigated. Clinical effects were PR in one of the 2 cases and CR in the other. Platinum concentrations were as high as 3.17 and 13.90 micrograms/g in the tissue, but low in peripheral blood, not exceeding 0.61 and 0.62 micrograms/ml, respectively. These findings suggested that the present method secures the transport of the agent to a local site, with possible reduction of side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Subcutaneous wire traction technique without CO2 insufflation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

One hundred laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed since April 1991. Eleven patients were treated with a new technique without CO2 insufflation, using a traction device to elevate the right upper quadrant wall. Two Kirschner wires were introduced subcutaneously to permit the abdominal wall to be lifted for satisfactory laparoscopic view, as the gas insufflation technique yields. Preoperative evacuation of the intestines and intraoperative muscle relaxation are necessary for easy and successful cholecystectomy. Three cases were converted to laparotomy because of remarkably distended intestine due to incorrect endotracheal intubations. No complications related to subcutaneous wire traction technique were noted in this series. Subcutaneous wire traction technique provides a simpler, and possibly safer alternative to the gas insufflation technique.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMed1993

Density fluctuation during the cell cycle in the defective vacuolar morphology mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The buoyant densities of the yeast cells of defective vacuolar morphology mutants were examined by equilibrium sedimentation centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. These vacuoleless mutants also show density fluctuation as wild-type cells during the cell cycle. This suggests that morphological changes of the vacuole are not related to cyclic density fluctuation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of gentian violet on the elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) existing in the decubitus region].

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is frequently isolated from skin lesions, such as in the decubitus region. There is a possibility that MRSA through these lesions can spread widely in a hospital. However, local treatment with most antibiotics and antiseptics (povidone-iodine) is not effective to eradicate MRSA from the infected decubitus. We have recently demonstrated that gentian violet (Gv) possessed a bactericidal effect against MRSA isolated from clinical specimens in vitro. This examination evaluated whether or not a topical ointment containing 0.1% Gv is effective to eradicate MRSA which existed in decubitus regions. Decubitus (14 clinical cases, ages 59-87 years) infected with MRSA were treated with 0.1% Gv-ointment once or twice daily after bathing in 0.1% Gv aqueous solution. Although all patients were treated with povidone-iodine and 9 out of 14 patients were given either local or systemic administration of antibiotics, those treatments were not effective to eradicate MRSA from decubituses. However, MRSA was not detectable in all cases within 34 days (average: 10.8 days +/- 2.7) after treatment with 0.1% Gv-ointment. The eradication of MRSA from decubitus areas tended to be delayed, depending upon the size and depth of decubituses (Grade III and IV) and complications such as diabetes mellitus. Skin irritability was not observed in any patients. These results suggest that 0.1% Gv-ointment is a useful material for the treatment of the MRSA-local wound infection. Treatment with Gv-ointment to MRSA-infected decubitus may exhibit a protective effect with regard to infection with MRSA in hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Duodenum-preserving pancreatoduodenostomy. A new technique for complete excision of the head of the pancreas with preservation of biliary and alimentary integrity.

A new technique for complete excision of the head of the pancreas with preservation of the biliary and digestive tract is described. A series of 11 patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic divisum, or a low-grade malignancy (mucus-producing pancreatic cancer) who underwent the procedure is reported. Previously described techniques for "duodenum-preserving pancreatic resection" differ from ours in two ways. First, other techniques accomplished only a "partial resection", retaining a rim of pancreas along the duodenum, and second, the pancreatoenteric anastomosis utilized a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. Our procedure permits complete resection of the pancreatic head, which in turn permits a pancreatoduodenal anastomosis. This preserves the normal physiology of pancreatic digestive function. To assure an adequate blood supply to the duodenum, retroperitoneal vessels must be preserved by avoiding Kocher's maneuver, and the posterior superior pancreatoduodenal artery must also be preserved. This operation was successfully performed in 8 consecutive patients when these provisos were adhered to.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Mediation of skin allograft rejection in scid mice by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

We analyzed the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in H-2-disparate skin allograft rejection in the mutant mouse strain C.B-17/Icr scid with severe combined immunodeficiency. On the day of skin allografting, scid mice were adoptively transferred with negatively selected CD4+ or CD8+ splenocytes from normal unsensitized C.B-17/Icr mice. These populations were obtained using a double-mAb--plus--complement elimination protocol using anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAb that resulted in no detectable CD4+ or CD8+ cells by FACS and negligible numbers of cytolytic T lymphocytes by limiting dilution analysis in anti-CD8 treated populations. Spleen cells were removed from grafted mice at the time of rejection and were tested in vitro for antidonor reactivity in several assays: mixed lymphocyte culture, cell-mediated lympholysis, and LDA for CTL and for IL-2-producing HTL. The presence of Thy 1.2+, CD4+, or CD8+ cells was determined by FACS. All control C.B-17 mice and scid mice adoptively transferred with nondepleted CD4+, and CD8+ cells rejected skin allografts with similar mean survival times (15.6 +/- 1.5, 18.8 +/- 3.4, 18.0 +/- 5.4, respectively), whereas control scid mice retain skin allografts indefinitely (all greater than 100 days). C.B-17 syngeneic grafts survived indefinitely in all groups. At the time of rejection, splenocytes from scid mice receiving CD4+ cells had negligible donor-specific cytotoxicity in CML and negligible numbers of CTL by LDA, but demonstrated a good proliferative response in MLC and IL-2-producing cells by LDA (frequency = 1/1764). There were no detectable CD8+ cells present by FACS analysis. Conversely, splenocytes from scid mice adoptively transferred with CD8+ cells had strong donor-specific cytotoxicity in CML (58.8% +/- 16.1%) and CTL by LDA (frequency = 1/3448), but no significant proliferation was detected in MLC. There were no detectable CD4+ cells by FACS, but there were small numbers of IL-2-producing cells by LDA (frequency = 1/10,204). These data demonstrate that CD4+ cells adoptively transferred into scid mice are capable of mediating skin allograft rejection in the absence of any detectable CD8+ cells or significant functional cytolytic activity. The adoptive transfer of CD8+ cells also results in skin allograft rejection in the absence of detectable CD4+ cells. The detection of small numbers of IL-2 secreting cells in these mice may indicate that CD(8+)-mediated allograft rejection in this model is dependent on IL-2-secreting CD8+ cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reference values of serum and urine creatinine, and of creatinine clearance by a new enzymatic method.

A new, totally enzymatic procedure for the determination of creatinine in serum and urine, using creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase, sarcosine oxidase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase is described. The assay was adapted to a discontinuous analyser with each analysis requiring only 20 microL of serum or 3 microL of urine. Analytical recovery of creatinine in serum and urine averaged 100.6%. Within-run and between-run precision studies gave coefficients of variation of 1.1% and 1.8%, respectively, for a serum with mean values of 83 mumol/L (9.4 mg/L) creatinine. Creatinine concentrations in serum and urine were measured by this procedure, in Japanese children and adults. The reference intervals for serum creatinine concentrations in adults were 55-96 mumol/L (6.2-10.9 mg/L) in men and 40-66 mumol/L (4.5-7.5 mg/L) in women, and for urine, 9.46-19.01 mmol/day (1070-2150 mg/day) in men and 6.75-10.61 mmol/day (764-1200 mg/day) in women. The reference intervals of creatinine clearance were 88.0-176.4 mL/min in men and 75.7-173.0 mL/min in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of cholecystectomy and detachment of the common bile duct to chronic bile duct dilation.

A combination of a cholecystectomy and detachment of the supportive tissue surrounding the extrahepatic bile duct results in chronic bile duct dilation. To clarify whether this cholangiectasis is due to the detachment of the surrounding tissue or to the cholecystectomy, we have studied 4 groups of adult mongrel dogs, i.e., a control group given a sham operation (n = 20), a group given cholecystectomy (n = 20), a group that had the surrounding tissue detached from the bile duct (n = 20), and a group given both a cholecystectomy and detachment of the surrounding tissue (n = 29). On examination by cholangiography at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the initial laparotomy, no significant cholangiectasis was found in dogs subjected to either cholecystectomy alone or to detachment of the surrounding tissue alone. In contrast, in dogs subjected to a cholecystectomy combined with detachment of the bile duct, the bile duct gradually dilated, resulting in significant cholangiectasis at 4 weeks. However, the intrabiliary pressure, the residual pressure, and the actual resistance value, which are indices of a passage disturbance in the sphincter of Oddi, were normal in all 4 groups. It is therefore concluded that both the extirpation of the gallbladder, and the lack of supportive tissue surrounding the bile duct were responsible for the resulting cholangiectasis.

Animals↗