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Biomedical subjects

K Tsuchiya

Publications and source records attributed to K Tsuchiya.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Relevance of in vitro antibacterial activities of cefotiam and cefazolin to their therapeutic effects on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice.

The MICs of cefotiam and cefazolin against K. pneumoniae DT-S were unaffected by the inoculum size and were 0.1 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively. Bactericidal and bacteriolytic activities of the cephalosporins were more potent in bacterial concentrations of 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml than in concentrations of 10(8) CFU/ml. Both activities of cefotiam were more markedly influenced by bacterial concentrations than those of cefazolin. Therapeutic activity of cefotiam was about 9 approximately 15 times as potent as that of cefazolin in experimental pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae DT-S in mice, and this finding was in accordance with the ratio of in vitro antibacterial activities of the two cephalosporins as judged by the MICs or the bactericidal and bacteriolytic activities in bacterial suspension of 10(7) CFU/ml. The range of concentrations of cefotiam which induced cell filamentation in vitro, was wider than that of cefazolin. This difference, however, was not reflected on the therapeutic activities of the two cephalosporins in the model infection. In the pneumonic lungs, definite therapeutic doses of both cephalosporins (80 mg of cefotiam per kg and 640 mg of cefazolin per kg) produced mainly bacteriolysis of the challenge organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. I. Characteristics of the IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats.

Rats immunized with sulbenicillin-ovalbumin (SBPC-OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis produced high levels of anti-SBPC antibodies. Anti-SBPC antibodies were first detected on day 8, reaching the maximum titer on day 12 and rapidly declined thereafter. Anti-SBPC sera obtained on day 13 were sulfhydryl-labile and heat-labile. The optimal latent period in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was 60 approximately 72 hours. These results indicate that anti-SBPC antibodies were IgE antibodies. Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wister and F344 rats were equally productive of anti-SBPC antibodies, while SD rats were more productive of anti-cephaloridine (CER) antibodies than Wister and F344 rats did. In SD rats, the IgE antibodies for penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC) and SBPC were more easily produced than the IgE antibodies for CER, cefazolin (CEZ) and cephacetrile (CEC).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam.

The effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. The antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. In overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus inconstans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In in vivo tests, a synergistic effect was observed on S. marcescens TN 66 and K. pneumoniae DT infections and an additive effect was observed on S. aureus 308 A-1, E. coli O-111 and T-7, C. freundii TN 518, E. cloacae TN 603, P. vulgaris GN 4712, P. morganii Tn 373 and P. aeruginosa U 31 infections.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1981

IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. II. Antigenic specificity of rat anti-penicillin-OvA IgE sera.

Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with various penicillin-ovalbumin (OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis for the purpose of obtaining rat anti-penicillin IgE sera. In the rat 60-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the hapten inhibition test, a weak cross reaction between penicillin G (PCG) and ampicillin (ABPC) was observed, but not cross reaction was observed between sulbenicillin (SBPC) and other penicillins. Rat anti-6-formamidopenicillanic acid (FPC) IgE serum reacted with PCG-bovine gamma globulin (BGG), ABPC-BGG and SBPC-BGG, but FPC-BGG did not react with rat anti-PCG, anti-ABPC and anti-SBPR IgE sera and the PCA reaction between anti-FPC IgE sera and FPC-BGG was inhibited by FPC, PCG, ABPC and SBPC. These results indicate that the antigenic active sites of PCG, ABPC and SBPC are limited to the acyl side chain moiety of penicillins, while the antigenic active site of FPC is confined to the penicilloyl moiety of the penicillin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. III. Antigenic specificity of rat anti-cephalosporin-OvA IgE sera.

Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with various cephalosporin- and penicillin-ovalbumin (OvA) in combination with aluminium hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis. Anti-cephalosporin IgE antibody production was inferior to anti-penicillin IgE antibody production. Cefsulodin (CFS), sulbenicillin (SBPC) and alpha-sulfophenyl acetic acid (SPAA) cross-reacted with each other but did not react with cephaloridine (CER), cefazolin (CEZ) and penicillin G (PCG). CER and PCG slightly cross-reacted with each other but did not cross-react with the others tested. Anti-CFS and anti-SBPC IgE sera were related specifically to the SPAA moiety.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antagonistic changes of gastric and colonic motility during selective thermal stimulation of thoracic and lumbosacral cords in anesthetized dogs.

Changes in gastric and distal colonic motility evoked by thermal stimulation of the thoracic and lumbosacral cords, either individually or simultaneously, were investigated in spinal-intact dogs and in dogs spinalized at the cervical level. Simultaneous cooling of the thoracic and lumbosacral cords increased both gastric and colonic motility before and after spinalization. The direction of the responses evoked by simultaneous heating was the opposite, but only the decrease in gastric activity in the spinal-intact dog was significant. Selective cooling of the thoracic cord increased gastric motility, but decreased colonic motility before and after spinalization. Selective heating decreased gastric motility before and after spinalization, and increased colonic motility before spinalization. Selective cooling of the lumbosacral cord decreased gastric motility and increased colonic motility in spinal-intact dogs. No significant responses could be observed during selective heating in spinal-intact dogs. However, in spinalized dogs, the selective cooling and heating increased and decreased colonic motility respectively, while no significant change was observed in gastric motility during the cooling and the heating. It is concluded from the results that thermal stimulation of the spinal cord directly affects spinal functions which control gastrointestinal motility, and that there exists a mutual inhibitory interaction between the thoracic and lumbosacral innervation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Simultaneous surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome combined with Ebstein's anomaly. Interruption of multiple accessory conduction pathways.

We detail the simultaneous surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly combined with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a patient who presented with multiple accessory conduction pathways. The extensively deformed tricuspid valve was replaced by a Hancock xenograft and the atrialized ventricle was plicated. Surgery was performed under the beating heart condition and this made possible electrical mapping which facilitated the localization of both accessory pathways. By the method presented here, all existing accessory pathways can be pinpointed during open heart surgery and the time of their interruption can be established. Two and a half years after surgery, chest X-ray revealed marked reduction of the cardiothoracic ratio and the patient experienced no postoperative tachycardia episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Experimental respiratory tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice: chemotherapy with kanamycin.

Such factors as suspending medium, operating pressure, exposure time, inoculum size, and strain, sex, age, and weight of the animals were examined for their effects on the development of respiratory tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. The suspending medium was one of the most important factors. Aerosol challenge with a 10(9) colony-forming units per ml resulted in deposition of 10(4) colony-forming units of the organisms in the lung. The numbers of organisms in the lung increased rapidly, and by 30 h, a well-developed pneumonia was apparent. All the mice died within 4 days after infection. The therapeutic effectiveness of single-dose kanamycin regimens decreased markedly with a delay in administration. The effectiveness of multi-dose kanamycin regimens was influenced by the frequency of dosage. Thus a 12-h dosage schedule was superior to a 24-h regimen. Administration of 20 mg of kanamycin per kg at 12-h intervals for 10 days, initiated 30 h after infection, provided a complete cure. The infecting organisms in the lung, trachea, and blood were eradicated by the kanamycin therapy, but those in the nasal cavity were difficult to eliminate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Comparative activities of cefotiam and cefazolin against urinary tract infections with Proteus mirabilis in mice.

The therapeutic effect of cefotiam on experimental urinary tract infections with Proteus mirabilis IFO 3849 in mice was compared with that of cefazolin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefotiam and cefazolin against the test organism were 1.56 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. Beginning 3 days after infection, various doses of each cephalosporin were given subcutaneously twice a day for 5 days. Doses of 100 mg of cefotiam per kg or more sterilized the urine within 3 days and effected a marked reduction or complete eradication of bacteria in the bladder walls and kidneys of mice sacrificed the day after treatment was terminated. A dose of cefazolin greater than 800 mg/kg was required for equivalent therapeutic results. Clearance of bacteria from urinary tract organs was as rapid or more rapid with 50-mg/kg doses of cefotiam as with 200-mg/kg doses of cefazolin. Much more rapid clearance was attained with 200-mg/kg doses of cefotiam. The concentrations of cefotiam attained in plasma, kidney, and urine were lower than the cefazolin levels achieved at an equivalent dose. The superiority of cefotiam over cefazolin in treatment of experimental urinary tract infections appears to be due to its greater activity against the test organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic effects of cefotiam and cefazolin on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice.

The efficacies of several dosage schedules, productive of plasma levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three different times (3, 18, and 30h) after infection, were examined in experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. With each of the multiday regimens there was a large segment of the day when plasma levels fell below assayable concentrations. In all cases, cefotiam proved about eight times as active as cefazolin, indicating that the potent in vitro antibacterial activity of cefotiam was well reflected in the therapeutic effect in this model infection. As judged by the total dose administered, the regimen of cefotiam producing a low but sustained plasma level gave better therapeutic effects than that exhibiting a high but transient plasma level. The cefotiam levels in the plasma of mice that received the regimen effective when initiated at 18 h after infection were less than the expected levels in humans after intravenous infusion of the usual clinical dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Mortality rates by causes of deaths in the area aggregated by dyeing factories in Kyoto (author's transl)].

In 1971 and 1973, Yoshida, et al. reported a higher relative risk of urinary bladder cancer among the workers of dyeing factories in Kyoto city. In order to confirm this, death certificates in Kyoto city from 1969 to 1972 were retrospectively investigated. Kyoto city was devided into three areas, that is, areas with high, medium and low clusterings of dyeing factories, and the differences of the mortality rates of all causes of deaths among these three areas were examined. As a result of this study, a statistically significant difference of the mortality rate of bladder cancer could not be found for males. But, the relative risk of bladder cancer in the areas with high and medium clusterings of dyeing factories compared to the area with low was found to be 1.45. Therefore, the relationship between dyeing work and bladder cancer could not necessarily be denied. It is, thus, necessary to carry out a prospective study, by which a more precise result can be obtained. In addition, our study revealed a significantly high mortality rate of skin cancer among the areas with high and medium clusterings of dyeing factories for males, observing a relative risk of 3.88. The observed association between skin cancer and dyeing work should be further studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The effect of intraluminal pressure upon the frequency of intestinal contraction waves.

In guinea pigs the lumen of an excised jejunal segment was perfused to study the effect of intraluminal pressure on the frequency of rhythmic contraction waves. Within the range of 0 to 40 mmH2O, increases in intraluminal pressure caused increases in the frequency of contraction waves. At pressures of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 mmH2O the frequency was 7.9, 9.0, 10.9, 12.5 and 13.3 per min (mean of ten preparations), respectively. An exponential relationship was proved to exist between the pressure and the frequency.

Animals↗