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Biomedical subjects

K Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Taniguchi.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Analysis of acute and chronic heart failure in view of hepatic oxygen supply-demand relationship using hepatic venous oxygen saturation.

The adequacy of hepatic circulation in terms of oxygen supply-demand relation was assessed by measuring hepatic venous oxygen saturation (Shvo2) in patients. Among those with congenital cardiac lesions (n = 11), Shvo2 during the early postoperative period was markedly low as less than 20% in Fontan operation group (n = 5) with subsequent clinical findings of acute hepatic dysfunction. Significant correlations were found between Shvo2 values early after surgery and subsequent peak values in serum hepatic enzymes. Serum total bilirubin and prothrombin time started to deteriorate when Shvo2 became below 30%. Cardiac index, hepatic perfusion pressure and mixed venous oxygen saturation showed positive linear correlations with Shvo2, and central venous pressure (CVP) with an inverse relation. In chronic valvular disease (n = 28), those with NYHA class IV patients showed lower Shvo2 (average; 47.4%) at cardiac catheterization than the others (class-I; 66.4%, class-II; 63.9%, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that Shvo2 monitoring appears to be useful to assess the hepatic perfusion in terms of oxygen supply-demand relation in acute and chronic heart failure, and Shvo2 of 30% seems to be a critical level.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical significance of renal hemodynamics in severe congestive heart failure: responsiveness to ultrafiltration therapies.

Isolated ultrafiltration, hemodialysis & peritoneal dialysis (Tx) were recently used in the treatment of intractable heart failure (HF). We examined the relation between the response of HF to Tx and the residual kidney functions. Tx was carried out in 17 patients (Pts) with HF who did not respond to aggressive medical treatment. Ten Pts (R) responded to Tx and 7 Pts (N) did not. Serum urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) concentrations on admission and before Tx were not different between R and N. Urine UN, Cr, Na, K, and Cl on admission and before Tx were also not significantly different. Fractional sodium excretions (FENa), renal failure indices (RFI), and urine/plasma Cr ratios (U/P Cr) on admission were 2.0 +/- 1.6, 2.7 +/- 2.2, and 30.5 +/- 20.0 in R and 5.9 +/- 4.2, 8.2 +/- 6.0 and 11.5 +/- 3.8 in N. They were significantly different (p less than 0.05). However, these did not differ before and after Tx. These data show that FENa, RFI and U/P Cr might be useful indices in predicting the responsiveness of intractable HF to Tx.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of vitamin A deficiency on the function of pituitary-gonadal system in male rats.

The effects of vitamin A deficiency on the pituitary-gonadal function were examined by measurements of serum and pituitary level of pituitary hormones and serum testosterone concentration, and by investigations of histological changes in the testis and the pituitary gland in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) and supplemented (VAS) rats. The growth of VAD rats was retarded and their body weights were decreased after 9 weeks of experiments and attained about one half of the weight of control animals at 12 weeks. In the VAD rats, serum testosterone concentrations were decreased significantly compared with those in the VAS controls. Serum and pituitary concentrations of GH were significantly lower but those of LH were slightly lower in the VAD rats than those in the controls, while the serum FSH concentration was significantly higher than that in the control rats. The seminiferous tubules in the testes of VAD rats were comprised largely of Sertoli cells and a reduced number of spermatogonia and contained fibrous formation in their lumen. In the pituitary gland, GH cells were significantly reduced in number in the VAD rats, but gonadotropic (GTH) cells were increased remarkably in size and number, showing hypertrophy and vacuolation similar to those in castration cells. The cytological changes in the pituitary gland and the increased discharge of FSH represent a secondary and compensatory change similar to that seen following castration and vitamin E deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative and morphological studies on the influence of zinc deficiency on the liver of pregnant rats.

The effect of zinc deficiency on trace metals in the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas and duodenum was investigated in the control and zinc-deficient rats at 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy. Zinc-deficient rats fell into limosis after 5 days of pregnancy. The contents of zinc, iron, copper and manganese in the maternal tissues were measured by colorimetry with 5NPPF. The morphological changes of the liver were observed by light and electron microscopy. The contents of zinc in the pancreas and duodenum were less in the zinc-deficient group than in the control at both 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy. The contents of the copper and manganese in the liver, kidney, pancreas, duodenum and spleen, however, were not significantly different from the control. The contents of iron in the liver, spleen and kidney in the deficient group increased greatly at 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy compared with the control group. The combination rate of transferrin with iron also increased significantly in the deficient group. Staining with Berlin blue or Turnbull's blue showed intense reaction to iron around the interlobular connective tissue of the liver in the zinc deficient group at 20 days of pregnancy. Ultrastructurally, the liver of the zinc-deficient rats showed the decrease of glycogen granules and increase of lipid-like granules and lysosomes with various sizes and electron densities. These findings suggest that zinc deficiency causes the increase of iron contents in the various organs during pregnancy, and that there is an intimate interrelationship between zinc and iron in the metabolism of iron during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical and morphometric studies on the pars distalis of the golden hamster from perinatal to senile stage.

Six cell types of the pars distalis were studied from perinatal to senile stage in the golden hamster in combination with morphometric analysis and immunocytochemistry. GH cells occupied only a small area at 15 days of gestation and increased remarkably after birth to occupy a significantly larger area in the young adult than that in the other stages. PRL cells first appeared at 3 days after birth and increased rapidly thereafter to be distributed throughout the pars distalis. They always occupied a larger area in females than in males from 3 weeks after birth onward. ACTH cells were distributed mainly in the peripheral region of the pars distalis. They were dominant at 15 days of gestation, but relatively decreased after birth. The gonadotrophic cells were divided into LH cells and FSH cells. About 70% of LH cells were also immunoreactive to anti-FSH serum. LH cells occupied a larger area than that of FSH cells in every stage examined. TSH cells occupied the second largest area at 15 days of gestation, but rapidly decreased at 3 weeks after birth to occupy the smallest area among the immunoreactive cell types throughout the life-span. The chronological changes in the percentages of all cell types constituting the pars distalis seemed to reflect the activity of these cell types at a given stage.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1989

Low density lipoprotein and apoprotein B induce increases in inositol trisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca2+ via pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Low density lipoprotein (LDL), a major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in the plasma, binds to its receptor through apoprotein B (Apo-B). The addition of LDL and Apo-B induced rapid (5 s), but transient increase in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3) level with K0.5 values of 1.1 and 0.07 microgram/ml, accompanied by increases of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The increases by LDL and Apo-B were both reduced by pretreatment of the VSMC with pertussis toxin. The early change in Ins-1,4,5-P3 involving a GTP-binding protein may function as an initial signal for the action of LDL in VSMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance: a Doppler echocardiographic study].

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance was examined using Doppler and M-mode echocardiography in 42 patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis. Twenty patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, 22 without hypertrophy and 30 normal subjects were studied. Chronic renal failure patients showed significantly larger chamber diameters of the left ventricle, left atrium and right ventricle than did normal subjects. This group also exhibited greater fractional shortening, stroke volume and cardiac output. Before hemodialysis, patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had a significantly higher cardiac output and the greater ratio of late to early diastolic peak flow velocities (A/R) than did patients without hypertrophy. After hemodialysis, there were significant reductions in blood pressure, ventricular and atrial dimensions, stroke volume and cardiac output. The velocities of early and late diastolic left ventricular filling and the deceleration rate were also significantly reduced. The heart rate, A/R, deceleration half time, and the ratio of deceleration half time to acceleration half time (DHT/AHT) were significantly increased. The greater the amount of fluid removed, the greater the changes in the above values. Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy exhibited significant reductions in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output, compared to those without hypertrophy. However, patients without hypertrophy showed more significant decrease in the acceleration half time and increase in DHT/AHT than did patients with hypertrophy. These findings demonstrated normal systolic function and impaired diastolic properties in patients with chronic renal failure, who had left ventricular hypertrophy unaccompanied by dilatation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase of renal basolateral membranes in vitro.

Studies were made on the direct effects of glycyrrhizin and its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid on the activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, a membrane bound Na+ and Ca2+-extrusion pump enzyme of the basolateral membranes (BLM) of canine kidney. Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited the activity of the Na+-pump enzyme dose-dependently (IC50 = 1.5 x 10(-4) M), but had no effect on that of the Ca2+-pump enzyme of kidney BLM and homogenates. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the Na+-pump enzyme activity but had less effect (IC50 = 2 x 10(-3) M). The effects of these compounds were due to competitive inhibition with ATP binding to the enzyme (Ki = 12 microM) and so were different from that of ouabain, which inhibits the Na+-pump by binding to its extracellular K+-binding site. The direct effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the membrane may be important role in the multiple actions of licorice.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical significance of the technetium-99m/thallium-201 overlap in acute myocardial infarction].

The region of overlap of thallium-201 (Tl) and technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc) was evaluated as a scintigraphic prognosticator of future necrosis. Serial time courses of myocardial perfusion according to Tl and left ventricular wall motion evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) were used in 22 patients. In all, dual energy emission computed tomography (dual-SPECT) showed the Tl/Tc overlap on identical slices on the third post-infarction day. According to the results of dual-SPECT, the patients were categorized in three groups: nine with large Tl/Tc overlap (group A); five with small Tc accumulation and small Tl/Tc overlap (group B); and eight with large Tl defect and Tc accumulation, which are concordant with each other (group C). Tl-201 SPECT and 2D echo were attempted serially on the 1st and 2nd days, the 7th-10th days and the 28th-30th days. To estimate infarct size with Tl-201 SPECT, we measured pixel counts of eight short-axis images with the 40% cut-off level and computed "% defect". To evaluate the viability of the myocardium, "% Tl uptake" was computed from the ROIs both in the centers of the infarct areas and their border zones. 2D echoes of the left ventricular short axis at the chordae tendineae level were recorded to identify the time course of percent fractional area change (% FAC) of the ischemic left ventricular wall. The scintigraphic results were compared with the serial changes of regional ejection fraction in the areas of infarcts and ischemic lesions. The % defect remained unchanged in group C (29.2 +/- 11.5----25.7 +/- 8.3%); whereas those of groups A and B decreased significantly (21.2 +/- 11.3----9.9 +/- 6.3%, 13.8 +/- 2.6----5.4 +/- 2.9%, respectively). In groups A and B, % FAC improved significantly in the centers of the infarct areas and the border zones, but not in group C. Exercise-induced ischemia determined by redistribution of Tl at the chronic phase was observed more frequently in groups A and B than in group C. These findings indicated that more myocardium can be saved from necrosis in group A than in group C. In conclusion, it is suggested that there is considerable viable myocardium in patients with large Tl/Tc overlap on dual-SPECT.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[An eighteen-year evaluation of the Bjork-Shiley valve prosthesis].

We evaluated the long-term (18 years) results of 356 patients undergoing valve replacement with Björk-Shiley valve prosthesis (aortic, 212; mitral 120; double valve, 24) between 1970 and 1988. Actuarial survival rates were 90% (18 years) for AVR, 80% 'years) for MVR and 90% (8 years) for DVR. Actuarial rates of thromboembolism were 99% (18 years) for AVR, 98% (8 years) for MVR and 94% (8 years) for DVR. Actuarial rates of freedom from events (including valve failure, thromboembolism, reoperation and prosthetic valve endocarditis) were 82% (18 years) for AVR, 95% (8 years) and 94% (8 years) for DVR. There were no differences in these results among spherical disc, convexo-concave disc and monostrut valve. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Björk-Shiley valve showed a low incidence of postoperative events. These results endorse our choice of the Björk-Shiley.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

[A method for the determination of cytosolic aminopeptidase in serum and its usefulness for clinical application. Selection of inhibitors for membrane-bound aminopeptidase and cystyl aminopeptidase].

A method for the determination of cytosolic aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1; C-AP) in serum was developed. At first, more specific and adequate inhibitor for other serum peptidases, such as membrane-bound aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2; arylamidase, AA) and cystyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3; CAP) was selected from 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives. The compound, 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-DMP) is one of the most effective inhibitor for AA and CAP, and it inhibits completely these enzymes at the concentration of less than 0.4 mmol/l. C-AP in serum at an optimum pH of 8.0 in the assay using L-leucine amide (LA) as the substrate had no inhibitory effects at the concentration of more than 0.4 mmol/l of 4,7-DMP. The results with the proposed method correlated with those with a conventional electrophoretic method. The proposed method hence is a specific and easily available assay for C-AP in serum. The further analysis of C-AP using this method would promise the establishment of clinical assessment of the enzyme.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1989

Effects of high-rise living on physical and mental development of children.

Effects of high-rise living on infants' development were investigated in 1987-1988 in a high-rise residential area in Tokyo, using questionnaires on the daily behaviors of a total of 1,045 infants, completed by mothers and kindergarten teachers. Infants of high-rise living showed a delayed independence in fundamental daily customs compared with those of low-rise living. This could be ascribed to an over-attachment of mothers of high-rise living with their infants resulting from a reduced number of outings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Statistical survey of tracheobronchoplasty in Japan.

In a survey of 142 hospitals in Japan, 1562 operations involving tracheobronchoplasty, 565 involving tracheoplasty, and 992 involving bronchoplasty were found to have been done from 1954 to 1984. The number of operations showed a steep increase from 1965 and reached more than 200 a year by 1984. This increase comes from larger numbers of bronchoplasty procedures being performed for lung cancer (58.8% in toto) and of tracheoplasty procedures for thyroid cancer (9.7% in toto). Fifty-seven operative modes could be classified, in which bronchial anastomosis was most frequent (62.1%), followed in order by tracheal anastomosis (18.0%), and tracheobronchial anastomosis (5.9%). Complications, encountered in 16.9% in toto, resulted in death in 22.3%, with fistula bleeding in all and anastomotic stricture in 47.7%. Anastomotic stricture alone had a higher mortality rate than anastomotic stricture combined with recurrent palsy (p less than 0.01). The tracheal anastomosis mode had a higher complication rate than that of the bronchial anastomosis mode (p less than 0.01). Among the 57 modes, the complication rates were lower than those of each stem mode in the following: suture of the tracheal wall (p less than 0.05), tracheal patch grafting (p less than 0.01), sleeve resection of the right main bronchus (p less than 0.02), and sleeve lobectomy of the right lower lobe (p less than 0.001). Complication rates were higher than those of each stem mode in these procedures: prosthetic replacement of the trachea (p less than 0.001), sleeve resection of the right main bronchus (p less than 0.05), and the montage-type carinal reconstruction (p less than 0.05) modes. The tracheal anastomosis mode was classified into two categories, standard and extensive. The latter showed complication rates higher than the former (p less than 0.01), tracheoplasty (p less than 0.0025), and the tracheal anastomosis stem mode (p less than 0.0025). Complication rates have decreased with time, being 21.8% with the tracheal anastomosis mode and 10.8% with the bronchial anastomosis mode in the past 9 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparisons of maltase activities in kidney brush border membranes from normal, diabetic, glucose-infused and maltose-infused rabbits.

The specific activities of membrane-bound maltase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) in isolated brush border membranes (BBMs) of alloxan-induced diabetic, glucose-infused and maltose-infused rabbits were 30%, 140% and 160%, respectively, of those of control rabbits. Differences in the relative activities of trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28), another disaccharidase, in these groups were similar but less marked. However, the activities of two other marker enzymes of the brush border, alkaline-phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, were similar in the 4 groups of rabbits. The decreases in the activities of the two disaccharidases were due to changes in the Vmax values of the enzymes without change in their Km values for maltose and trehalose. The maltase activities in the 4 groups showed similar dependences on Tris-HCl, KCl and NaCl. The electrophoretic profiles of the BBMs of the 4 groups on SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed slight differences. From these results, we conclude that diabetes, glucose infusion and maltose infusion probably change the concentrations of active enzymes in the BBM of the kidney in rabbits.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1989

Depressed myocardial contractility and normal ejection performance after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation.

Left ventricular cineangiography and pressure measurement were performed in 33 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation before and after aortic valve replacement and in 25 normal control subjects. Stress and volume were analyzed. The 33 patients were divided into three groups based on preoperative end-systolic volume index: 15 with an index of less than 100 ml/m2 (group I), 12 with an index of 100 to 200 ml/m2 (group II), and six with an index of more than 200 ml/m2 (group III). Afterload estimated as end-systolic stress, which was significantly elevated in all groups before operation, returned to normal postoperatively. Systolic pump function improved postoperatively in all groups; group I and group II showing the most improvement with group III still having an abnormal ejection fraction. The ratio of end-systolic stress to end-systolic volume index, which is an index of contractile state that is relatively independent of preload and afterload, was abnormal in each group preoperatively. Postoperatively, the ratio improved in each group (from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 0.9 for group I, from 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 3.2 +/- 0.6 for group II, and from 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 2.6 +/- 0.8 for group III, compared with 5.9 +/- 1.0 for control subjects). Group I had normal values whereas group II and group III had subnormal ratios, suggesting a depressed contractility. All 15 patients in group I had values that fell within the 95% confidence limits of the linear inverse relationship between ejection fraction and end-systolic stress for control subjects. Nine of the 12 patients in group II and all six in group III had values that fell below the 95% confidence limits of the normal ejection fraction-end-systolic stress relationship. Aortic valve replacement may reduce afterload and improve systolic pump function in many patients with aortic regurgitation. However, there is a subgroup of patients who, despite normal or near-normal pump performance as assessed by ejection fraction, have depressed myocardial contractility characterized by an abnormal relationship between end-systolic stress and either ejection fraction or end-systolic volume.

Adolescent↗