Intraoperative cardiac output monitoring by transtracheal Doppler tube.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Taniguchi
Publications and source records attributed to K Taniguchi.
Marked reduction of subcutaneous tumor growth by intraperitoneal administration of recombinant human interleukin 2 with a cell accumulator, proteose-peptone, in mice.
The growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas, Meth 1 and Meth A, was strongly suppressed by a combination of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL-2) with proteose-peptone (PP) administered i.p. to syngeneic mice. When 1 ml of 10% PP was injected i.p. on Day 6 followed by rIL-2 (50 micrograms) administered i.p. on Days 7 and 8 after the s.c. inoculation of tumor cells into female BALB/c mice, the tumors regressed. A similar result was also obtained when 12.5 micrograms of rIL-2 were injected on Days 7, 8, and 9 after s.c. inoculation of Meth 1 cells. The treatment with an anti-asialo-GM1 antibody had no effect on the regression of the Meth 1 tumor induced by the combination. However, the combined treatment with rIL-2 and PP did not suppress the growth of the Meth 1 tumor in adult thymectomized, irradiated, and fetal liver cell-reconstituted BALB/c mice. Therefore, this suggests that the T-cells might be the principal effectors of this antitumor system. The cytolytic activity of splenocytes and peritoneal exudate cells from Meth 1 tumor-bearing mice against Meth 1 cells was significantly augmented by the combined treatment. This peritoneal exudate cell also showed cytolytic activity against other target cells such as Meth A, antigenically distinct from Meth 1, YAC-1, a leukemic cell line sensitive to natural killer cells, and EL-4, a lymphoma cell line resistant to natural killer cells. The cytolytic activity of these effectors was reduced by the treatment with anti-thy1.2 antibody plus complement. The adherent cells in this peritoneal cavity had only a small cytolytic activity on Meth 1 and Meth A targets. The mechanism of antitumor immunity by rIL-2 in combination with PP and the therapeutic availability of this lymphokine are discussed.
Animals↗
Unusual human rotavirus strains having subgroup I specificity and "long" RNA electropherotype.
During an epidemiological study of human rotavirus in Metro Manila, Philippines, we found 20 unusual strains which belong to subgroup I but have "long" RNA pattern typical of subgroup II human rotavirus. The RNA patterns of the 20 strains were classified into four groups though they were very similar to each other. Four strains, designated L4, L26, L27, and L34 were isolated in MA104 cells from stool specimens. They possessed subgroup I specificity and long RNA pattern identical to that of the viruses in the original stool samples. The serotype specificity of these strains could not be determined by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or neutralization test, while one strain (L27) was neutralized by serotype 2-specific anti-VP4 monoclonal antibody. These strains were suggested to have an unusual antigenicity on VP7.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
Separation of bone matrix proteins by calcium-induced precipitation.
It was found that significant precipitation occurred immediately after calcium, at a concentration as low as 2 mM, was added to a desalted solution of EDTA extract of adult bovine femur. The maximal yield of the precipitates was observed at a calcium concentration of 30 mM. These precipitates were dissolved in 0.5 M EDTA, desalted, and characterized by Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration chromatography and high performance gel-exclusion chromatography. Results revealed that the precipitates were enriched in a 40 K protein and a higher molecular weight fraction as compared with the original extract of bone proteins. The 40 K fraction was isolated and identified as osteonectin, as judged from amino acid analysis, electrophoresis, and immunodetection. The supernatant after calcium-induced precipitation predominantly contained osteocalcin and a 50 K protein that was tentatively identified as alpha 2HS protein. Osteonectin was purified from the calcium-induced precipitates from the EDTA extract of bovine bone. By calcium titration using fluorescence spectrometry, the isolated osteonectin showed high affinity to calcium ions with an apparent dissociation constant (K0.5) of 8 x 10(-7) M. Thus, the use of calcium to separate bone proteins, especially osteonectin, was proved to be a useful technique. In addition, calcium-induced precipitation of osteonectin suggested a possible in vivo mechanism via which osteonectin might interact with calcium ions and participate in the initial immobilization of calcium to induce the nucleation of calcification in bone tissue.
Animals↗
A large myxoma of the right atrium demonstrated by thallium-201.
A rare case of right atrial myxoma in which thallium-201 gave a good delineation of the tumor was presented. In this case, the feeding arteries were seen to be highly developed on coronary arteriogram. The amount of blood containing thallium-201 supplied to the tumor through the feeding arteries was so great that the tumor was considered to be visualized by thallium-201 imaging.
Aged↗
Anti-metastatic effect by in vivo administration of concanavalin A through augmentation of T-derived activated killer activity: efficacy to B16 melanoma expressed MHC antigen.
We attempted to investigate if the in vivo administration of concanavalin A (Con A), a potent T cell stimulator, would render anti-metastatic activity in hosts. Assays of activity were performed 20 days after iv inoculation of two clones of the B16 melanoma, B16-H (H-2+, highly metastatic), B16-L (H-2-, low metastatic), or 3LL cells into C57BL mice by enumerating lung colonies. In some experiments, hosts treated with anti-asialo GM1 Ab were used to evaluate effector mechanisms other than NK cells. While the injection of Con A alone had no significant effect on anti-metastatic activity, in nonimmunized hosts the effect by Con A was displayed when the mice were preimmunized with B16-H cells but not in those immunized with B16-L cells. Immunization with B16-H or B16-L cells alone resulted in the generation of killer cells with promiscuous lytic activity and induced an anti-metastatic effect against B16-H, B16-L, and 3LL cells. Con A treatment significantly augmented the killer activity of spleen cells of mice preimmunized with B16-H cells but not of those immunized with B16-L cells. The effectors from mice immunized with B16-H alone or given both Con A and B16-H were mainly of Thy 1+ Lyt2+ asialo GM1- cells, on the other hand, those from mice immunized with B16-L cells expressed asialo GM1 antigen. We showed the efficacy of Con A on the anti-metastatic effect in relation to the host immune response.
Animals↗
Rotavirus VP7 neutralization epitopes of serotype 3 strains.
Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the major neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) was performed on 27 human and animal rotavirus strains of serotype 3 in order to examine genetic variation within strains of identical serotype. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of the VP7s showed overall sequence identities of 85% or higher. A higher degree of overall VP7 sequence similarity was observed among strains from the same animal species when compared to strains from different animal species, suggesting that there are species-specific sequences in the VP7 protein. Alignment of the amino acid sequences demonstrated that amino acid sequence divergence among serotype 3 strains from different species was located primarily in previously established VP7 serotype-specific regions where genetic variation was identified among strains of different serotype. These regions were highly conserved among serotype 3 strains derived from the same species. The varying reactivities of three anti-VP7 monoclonal antibodies with the 27 strains was consistent with the occurrence of antigenic variation among serotype 3 strains. Moreover the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies correlated with the amino acid sequence found in two serotype-specific regions (VR5 and VR8). A computer-derived predicted phylogenetic tree suggests that rotavirus strains from different animal species belonging to serotype 3 are more closely related to each other than to rotavirus strains of different serotypes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Increased sensitivity to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in P388 murine leukemic cells resistant to etoposide.
A variant P388 murine leukemic cell resistant to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-O-ethylidine)-beta-D-gl ucopyranoside (etoposide) (VP-16-213) was cloned. The variant P388/VP-16 cell line was 159-fold resistant to VP-16. We found that this variant P388/VP-16 cell line showed collateral drug sensitivity to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine(Ara-C), determined by comparing the 50% inhibitory concentrations in 48-h growth inhibition assay. To clarify the mechanism of this increased sensitivity to Ara-C, we quantified the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate(Ara-CTP) using high-performance liquid chromatography in the parent and drug-resistant sublines of P388 cells. The analysis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools revealed that the pyrimidine triphosphate pools were significantly decreased in the P388/VP-16 cell line and the Ara-CTP concentration of two variant cell lines were not significantly different. The Ara-CTP/dCTP ratio was significantly increased in P388/VP-16 cells. These data suggest that the inhibition of the dCTP de-novo pathway and the preservation of the dCTP salvage pathway in P388/VP-16 cells might correlate with the increased sensitivity to Ara-C.
Animals↗
Prolonged efficacy of rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Swedish children.
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Antibodies, Viral↗
Survey of human rotavirus serotypes in different locales in Japan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies.
To investigate the relative frequency of individual human rotavirus serotypes prevailing in Japan, 562 stool specimens collected from patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis between November 1986 and March 1988 in seven districts were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with serotype 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-specific monoclonal antibodies. Serotype 1 was the predominant serotype in the winter of 1986-1987; however, both serotypes 1 and 2 were detected frequently in the winter of 1987-1988. The results showed the relative frequency of individual serotypes by locale and the yearly change in the prevalence of each serotype in the same area. The result of subgroup specificity of rotavirus obtained by using ELISA with subgroup I- and II-specific monoclonal antibodies confirmed the general finding that rotavirus strains having subgroup I specificity are serotype 2 and those having subgroup II specificity are either serotype 1, 3, or 4. Unusual strains having both subgroup I and II specificity or neither specificity and strains presumed to represent new serotypes were also found.
Adolescent↗
Dot hybridization assay for distinction of rotavirus serotypes.
We have developed a hybridization assay that permits distinction of rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The serotype of rotaviruses from stool samples or tissue culture was recognized by hybridization of specific probes to (i) blots of viral double-stranded RNAs electrophoresed in agarose gels (Northern blots) or (ii) heat-denatured double-stranded RNAs directly dotted on nylon membranes. The probes consisted of 32P-labeled cDNA synthesized by reverse transcription of in vitro derived rotavirus mRNA from rotavirus serotypes 1 to 4. To prepare these probes, mRNAs were primed with a 17-mer nucleotide common to all four serotypes whose sequence is complementary to bases 375 to 391 of the rotavirus gene encoding the VP7 glycoprotein (gene 8 or 9 depending on the rotavirus strain). The resulting downstream transcripts encompassed areas of major sequence divergence among the four serotypes. Hybridization at high stringency (50 degrees C, 50% formamide, 4 x SSC [1 x SSC is 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate]) was performed for 16 to 48 h. Autoradiograms of the washed membranes allowed recognition of the rotavirus serotype present in the blotted or dotted specimens since each of them hybridized preferentially to one of the four probes. Twenty-four laboratory specimens and 103 clinical specimens from Washington, D.C., Venezuela, and Chile were "serotyped" with this assay. The results were similar to those obtained with a monoclonal antibody serotyping assay.
Animals↗
Characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using subgroup- and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies of human rotavirus obtained from diarrheic patients in Bangladesh.
By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with group A-, subgroup-, and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we tested 414 stool specimens collected from pediatric and adult patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between January and June 1988. Of 414 specimens tested, 124 (30%) were positive for group A rotavirus. The subgroup was determined in 110 specimens (88.7%); 16.1% were subgroup I, and 72.6% were subgroup II. Two specimens reacted with both subgroup I- and subgroup II-specific MAbs. Serotype determinations showed that serotype 1 (38.4%) was predominant over serotypes 2 (28.2%), 3 (2.5%), and 4 (23%). Three specimens reacted with more than one serotype-specific MAb. While the frequency of serotype 1 was highest in the two hospitals in Mymensingh, serotype 2 was most prevalent in one hospital in Dhaka. All human rotavirus strains with subgroup I and serotype 2 specificities showed a short electropherotype, and all but one strain with subgroup II and serotype 1, 3, or 4 specificities exhibited a long electropherotype.
Acute Disease↗
Subgroup and serotype distributions of human, bovine, and porcine rotavirus in Thailand.
The subgroup and serotype specificities of human, bovine, and porcine group A rotaviruses in stool specimens collected in Thailand were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using subgroup- and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. A clear yearly change was observed in the serotype distribution of human rotavirus. Between 1983 and 1984, serotype 4 was the most prevalent, while the highest frequency of serotype 2 was found between 1987 and 1988. All the bovine and porcine rotaviruses examined showed subgroup I specificities and long RNA patterns. It was of note that serotype 3 porcine rotaviruses were found at a high frequency.
Animals↗
Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of a human rotavirus (strain K8) which has unique VP4 neutralization epitopes.
In our previous study (K. Taniguchi, Y. Morita, T. Urasawa, and S. Urasawa, J. Virol. 62:2421-2426, 1987) in which the cross-reactive neutralization epitopes on VP4 of human rotaviruses were analyzed, one strain, K8, was found to bear unique VP4 neutralization epitopes. This strain, which belongs to subgroup II and serotype 1, was not neutralized by any of six anti-VP4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which reacted with human rotavirus strains of serotypes 1, 3, and 4 or serotypes 1 through 4. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of strain K8 by primer extension. The VP4 gene is 2,359 base pairs in length, with 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 9 and 25 nucleotides, respectively. The gene contains a long open reading frame of 2,325 bases capable of coding for a protein of 775 amino acids. When compared with those of other human rotaviruses, VP4 of strain K8 had an insertion of one amino acid after residue 135, as found in simian rotavirus strains, and in addition, it had a deletion of one amino acid (residue 575). The amino acid homology of VP4 of strain K8 and those of other virulent human rotaviruses was only 60 to 70%. This was unusual, since over 90% VP4 homology has been found among the other virulent human rotavirus strains. In contrast, the VP7 amino acid sequence of the K8 strain was quite similar (over 98% homology) to those of other serotype 1 human rotaviruses. Thus, the K8 strain appears to have a unique VP4 gene previously not described.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Assessment of ventricular contractile state and function in patients with univentricular heart.
To elucidate the ventricular contractile state and function in patients with univentricular heart, the ventricular volume, mass, ejection phase index, and wall stress were evaluated with biplane ventriculography and pressure measurement in 41 patients: 18 with left ventricular (LV) type (age, 6.4 +/- 6.1 years) and 23 with right ventricular (RV) type (age, 5.7 +/- 4.1 years), and data from patients with univentricular heart were compared with data from 19 normal control subjects (age, 7.2 +/- 4.3 years). Although the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were significantly greater in both types of univentricular heart than in the normal control group, the volumes for the LV and RV type patients did not differ from each other. The ejection fraction (EF) was depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart and was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the RV type than in the LV type patients (0.56 +/- 0.05 for LV type, 0.50 +/- 0.07 for RV type, and 0.64 +/- 0.03 for the control group). The ventricular mass was larger in both patient types of univentricular heart than in that of the control group, whereas the ratio of ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in the RV type patients than in the LV type patients and the control group (0.79 +/- 0.18 g/ml for LV type, 0.51 +/- 0.10 for RV type, and 0.82 +/- 0.13 for control group). End-systolic stress was significantly elevated in both types of univentricular heart (241 +/- 45 for LV type, 328 +/- 52 for RV type, and 205 +/- 26 kdynes/cm2 for the control group) and significantly (p less than 0.001) greater in the RV type than in the LV type patients. There was a significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.001) between end-systolic stress and the ratio of mass to end-diastolic volume in all the patients. In 27 patients (12 patients for LV type, 15 for RV type) the mean normalized systolic ejection rate corrected for heart rate (MNSERc) clearly fell below the 95% confidence limit of the normal end-systolic stress-MNSERc relation. The end-systolic stress:end-systolic volume ratio was also significantly depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart (3.49 +/- 1.77 for LV type, 4.07 +/- 2.13 for RV type, and 7.20 +/- 1.32 for the control group). In these variables, however, there were no significant differences between LV and RV type patients of univentricular heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Angiocardiography↗
Detecting abnormalities in left ventricular function during exercise by respiratory measurement.
The degree of exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction and its relation to the anaerobic threshold were evaluated in 23 patients with chronic heart disease. A symptom-limited exercise test was performed with a cycle ergometer with work rate increased by 1 W every 6 seconds. Left ventricular function, as reflected by ejection fraction, was continuously monitored with a computerized cadmium telluride detector after the intravenous injection of technetium-labeled red blood cells. The anaerobic threshold (mean, 727 +/- 166 ml/min) was determined by the noninvasive measurement of respiratory gas exchange. As work rate rose, the left ventricular ejection fraction increased but reached a peak value at the anaerobic threshold and then fell below resting levels. Ejection fraction at rest, anaerobic threshold, and peak exercise were 41.4 +/- 11.3%, 46.5 +/- 12.0%, and 37.2 +/- 11.0%, respectively. Stroke volume also increased from rest (54.6 +/- 17.0 ml/beat) to the point of the anaerobic threshold (65.0 +/- 21.2 ml/beat) and then decreased at peak exercise (52.4 +/- 18.7 ml/beat). The slope of the plot of cardiac output versus work rate decreased above the anaerobic threshold. The anaerobic threshold occurred at the work rate above which left ventricular function decreased during exercise. Accurate determination of the anaerobic threshold provides an objective, noninvasive measure of the oxygen uptake above which exercise-induced deterioration in left ventricular function occurs in patients with chronic heart disease.
Anaerobic Threshold↗
Inhibitions of metabolic responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by antiallergic drugs.
Sites of the inhibitory actions of antiallergic and antihistaminic drugs on polymorphonuclear leukocytes were examined by means of measurements of arachidonic acid release, superoxide anion generation and changes in membrane potential. The results obtained in this study were as follows. (i) Azelastine, an antiallergic drug, inhibited arachidonic acid release as well as superoxide generation. However, high concentrations of azelastine diminished the charge of the cells. (ii) Clemastine, used as an antihistamine, was as effective as azelastine on the metabolic bursts of leukocytes, including changes of membrane potential in leukocytes. (iii) The selective inhibition of arachidonic acid release was achieved by ketotifen without appreciable effect on superoxide generation. The relationship among the changes of membrane potential, superoxide generation and arachidonic acid release is discussed.
Animals↗
Severity and pathophysiology of heart failure on the basis of anaerobic threshold (AT) and related parameters.
Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing was performed in 99 normal subjects and 382 patients with cardiac disease in order to evaluate anaerobic threshold (AT) and related parameters as indices for assessing the severity of heart failure. AT could be determined easily during ergometer exercise testing with ramp protocol by monitoring minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2). Peak VO2 and the ratio of VO2 rising to work rate increment (delta VO2/delta WR) were also determined. There was good correlation between the AT determined by respiratory measurement and that determined by arterial lactic acid concentration (r = 0.93, n = 15). The reproducibility of AT was excellent between 2 testings with a 3-hour interval. AT (ml/min/kg) and peak VO2 (ml/min/kg) declined with age, and males showed higher values than females in both indices. %AT, determined by the predicted AT values of each age and sex, decreased as NYHA class progressed as follows: 90.2 +/- 15.4% in class I, 76.9 +/- 13.8% in class II, and 59.7 +/- 11.9% in class III. Although delta VO2/delta WR was not influenced by age or sex, it also decreased as the severity of heart disease progressed. These results suggest that indices from cardiopulmonary exercise testing, especially AT, are closely related to the pathophysiology of heart failure, so that they are objective and reliable parameters for evaluation of the severity of heart failure and are sensitive enough to detect the efficacy of therapeutic intervention for heart failure.
Adolescent↗