Correlations between local cerebral glucose utilization and electroclinical observations in kainic acid-induced visual cortical seizures in the rat.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Takano
Publications and source records attributed to K Takano.
Markers of a hypercoagulable state following acute ischemic stroke.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The nature of hematologic disorders in different stroke subtypes remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities among ischemic stroke subtypes. METHODS: We performed sequential measurements of hematologic parameters in 21 patients with acute cardioembolic stroke, 10 patients with atherothrombotic stroke, 23 patients with lacunar stroke, and 20 age-matched controls. RESULTS: A marked elevation of plasma concentrations of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex and crosslinked D-dimer was observed only in cardioembolic stroke within 48 hours of onset (p less than 0.01), persisting for one month with a gradual decline. In atherothrombotic stroke, however, the level of crosslinked D-dimer was not elevated at the onset, but increased seven days after onset (p less than 0.01). No significant changes in these marker levels were observed in lacunar stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the nature of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis are different in various subtypes of ischemic stroke, and that an assessment of these hematologic parameters may be useful for the early classification of these subtypes.
Acute Disease↗
Simultaneous measurement of changes in the membrane potential and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration caused by somatostatin in human GH-producing pituitary tumor cells.
Changes in the membrane potential and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) caused by somatostatin (SRIF) were simultaneously measured in human GH-producing pituitary tumor cells, by means of the nystatin-perforated whole cell clamp technique and Fura-2 AM. An application of 10(-8) M SRIF hyperpolarized the membrane and arrested Ca(2+)-dependent spontaneous action potentials. [Ca2+]i concurrently decreased during membrane hyperpolarization. When the membrane potential was clamped below the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, [Ca2+]i decreased and SRIF did not further reduce [Ca2+]i. In cells which did not show spontaneous action potentials, SRIF hyperpolarized the membrane but it affected [Ca2+]i little. From these results it was concluded that the reduction in [Ca2+]i caused by SRIF was ascribed to the decrease in Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated channels during membrane hyperpolarization. The effect of SRIF on the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel current was also examined under the perforated whole cell clamp. SRIF (10(-8) M) inhibited the Ca2+ channel current to 80.8 +/- 15.4% (n = 5) of the control. Because SRIF-induced inhibition of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel current was not prominent, it was considered that membrane hyperpolarization is the major cause of the reduction in [Ca2+]i in human GH-producing cells.
Adenoma↗
Treatment of 46 patients with Turner's syndrome with recombinant human growth hormone (YM-17798) for three years: a multicentre study.
A total of 46 patients with Turner's syndrome were treated for three years with recombinant hGH. Nineteen patients received hGH at a weekly dosage of 0.5 IU.kg-1.week-1, while 27 received 1.0 IU.kg-1.week-1 by daily sc injection. Both treatment groups showed a statistically significant growth increase during treatment. The increase in height over three years' treatment, as expressed by SD score (SDS) for chronological age, did not differ significantly between patients treated with 0.5 IU and those with 1.0 IU hGH. Seventeen of 22 patients over the age of 14 had exceeded their expected adult height. Plasma IGF-1 levels were elevated and no remarkable advances in bone age were observed during the treatment in either treatment group. There were no other significant changes in physical or laboratory examinations. No glucose intolerance was observed. These results indicate that hGH treatment is useful for accelerating growth velocity in patients with Turner's syndrome. However, further study will be required to find the best treatment dosage.
Adolescent↗
[A review on assessment techniques for workers' physical and mental conditions by physiological measurements].
It was only a several decades ago that physiological measurements were recognized as effective indicators of human physical and mental conditions in occupational health or ergonomics. The recent rapid progress in sensor and signal processing techniques, however, made these available for practical evaluation techniques. This paper is an overview of the accumulated techniques in several fields including experimental psychology, physiology, medical sciences, and ergonomics. The major topics described herein are as follows: 1) properties and merits of physiological measurements compared with the other techniques, 2) applicability of various physiological indicators evaluated from noninvasive, ambulatory and continuous monitoring techniques, 3) practical physiological measurements and signal processing systems which can be applied at actual workplaces and environment, 4) effective and useful evaluation techniques of physiological indicators such as ECG, blood pressure, respiratory parameters, EEG, EBP, EMG, body movements, body temperature, perspiration, eye movements, CFF and electrodermal activities. Our review of 235 published papers has shown that physiological measurements have made a significant contribution to the assessment of physical and mental workload, CNS (central nervous system) activity level and work performance. However, further studies should be made on detail mechanisms and individual variations.
Ergonomics↗
Differential distribution of a carbohydrate epitope (Y) on human salivary gland cell membranes.
Monoclonal antibody 303 (mAb 303) reacts with the high molecular weight agglutinin present in human saliva. Its reactivity is periodate sensitive, and it has been shown to recognize the Y epitope. Immunogold labeling of thin sections of human parotid and submandibular glands with mAb 303 showed reactivity in secretory granules of serous acinar, intercalated and striated duct cells (Takano et al., 1988). We now report that the apical and basolateral membranes of salivary acinar and duct cells are labeled by mAb 303, but not myoepithelial cells, endothelial cells and other mesenchymal cells. Gold particles were confined to acinar and duct cell membranes even when myoepithelial cells were directly adjacent, suggesting that the epitope resides on a membrane glycoprotein and that the label does not represent secreted agglutinin bound to the cell surface. Although myoepithelial cells are thought to differentiate from epithelial stem cells, the present results indicate that substantial compositional differences exist between the membranes of myoepithelial cells and other salivary parenchymal cells. Earlier studies also showed that mAb 303 labels normal pancreatic acinar cells and certain salivary (pleomorphic adenoma) and mammary (lactating adenoma) tumors (Bogert et al., 1988). This antibody thus may be a useful reagent for characterizing the origin of exocrine gland-derived cell cultures and neoplastic cells. Further, localization studies may provide insight into the role of the Lewis blood group-related epitope in secretory cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Therapeutic difference by TAE between HCC with HCV-Ab and HBV-Ag].
Transarterial infusion therapy using adriamycin-Lipiodol emulsion (TAE) was used for 30 patients of HCC with HCV-Ab and 20 patients with HBV-Ag. We compared the tumor effect and prognosis in terms of several clinico-pathological factors. The response rate (PR+MR) after TAE was 43% in HCC patients with HCV-Ab and 30% in those with HBV-Ag. One-year survival rate was 89% in HCC patients with HCV-Ab and 58% in HCC patients with HBV-Ag. Thus, there was a significant difference between the two groups. No definite reasons between two groups influencing tumor effect and prognosis is obviously revealed except for portal vein invasion.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
[Hypertension in thyroid disease].
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Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
[Kainic acid-induced generalized seizures in cats--microinjection into caudate nucleus].
Electroencephalographic and behavioral changes were observed after 2 micrograms of kainic acid (KA) injection through a chronically implanted cannula into unilateral caudate nucleus (CN) of freely moving and non-anesthetized cats. The control group showed no changes on EEG or behavior during the observation period. In KA group, from 2 to 5 minutes after KA injection, the cats showed contralateral circling. On EEG, focal spikes were elicited at the injected site of the right CN. From 15 to 25 minutes after the injection, secondarily generalized seizures were observed on EEG repeatedly. However, the behavioral change was not remarkable and only the behavioral arrest was observed during the electrographic generalized seizure. From 6 to 8 hours after injection, they showed clonic seizure of the contralateral hindlimb followed by generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. These seizures were frequent during 6 to 16 hours after injection. However, these seizures subsided within 48 hours after the injection and the cats became normal afterward. Histopathological examination revealed focal pyknosis and gliosis only at the injection site of caudate nucleus. The results suggested that an epileptogenic focus of the caudate nucleus demonstrated a rapid evolution from the focal seizure status to the secondarily generalized seizure status. This fact explains that the caudate nucleus may be a possible key structure as a relay nucleus for the secondary generalization of a focal seizure.
Animals↗
Effects of insulin-like growth factor I or human growth hormone in fasted rats.
To study the effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) treatment on growth and metabolism in fasted rats and compare it with the effect of human growth hormone (hGH), we infused 120 micrograms/ml IGF-I continuously or injected 200 micrograms hGH twice a day in fasted rats. After a 3 1/2-day administration of IGF-I in fasted rats, the body weights, kidney, spleen and adrenal gland weights were greater than those for untreated fasted rats (control). The body weights and the organ weights in hGH treated rats did not differ from those in control rats. Serum IGF-I levels in control, hGH treated and IGF-I treated rats were 64.0 +/- 6.1, 107.5 +/- 6.9 and 129.8 +/- 6.3 ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly different from each other. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were 13.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml in IGF-I treated rats, which were significantly lower than those of control rats. Human GH treatment did not change BUN but affected nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride. In IGF-I treated rats three-day urinary excretion of nitrogen and creatine were 163.5 +/- 14.6 mg and 9.53 +/- 1.53 mg, which were significantly less than those in control rats. These data indicate that IGF-I infusion inhibits body weight loss and catabolism in fasted rats and might be a useful therapy in catabolic conditions.
Adrenal Glands↗
[Felty's syndrome].
Felty's syndrome is a variant of rheumatoid arthritis with a triad of leukopenia, splenomegaly and typical rheumatoid arthritis, and often accompanies the other extraarticular symptoms, such as subcutaneous nodules, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leg ulcers, fever and weight loss. In addition to the decreased number of leukocyte, impaired functions of leukocytes were also revealed. These changes were considered as the cause of repeated infections, which was the major cause of death in Felty's syndrome. Splenectomy is not fully effective for leukopenia and for the repeated infection. Glucocorticoid therapy can increase leukocyte count, at least tentatively. It has been reported that gold was effective for leukopenia, repeated infection and skin ulcer. However, the definitive way of treatment of this syndrome based on the pathogenesis of this syndrome, remains to be established.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of anticonvulsants upon experimental limbic seizure status and regional cerebral blood flow in the hippocampus].
Continuous monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the hippocampus was made during limbic seizure status in cats by means of a heat clearance method with a calibration method by an electrolytic hydrogen clearance method. A stereotaxic operation was made under Nembutal anesthesia. Local anesthetics were applied to the painful area. Femoral artery and vein were cannulated and served for arterial blood pressure monitoring and drug injection, respectively. Tracheostomy was made and ventilated artificially. A double cannula was inserted to the amygdala and fixed to the skull with a dental cement. Electrodes for heat clearance method, electrolytic hydrogen clearance method and EEG recording were inserted to the dorsal hippocampus. Limbic seizure status was induced by kainic acid microinjection (2 ug) into amygdala via implanted cannula. Baseline rCBF was measured in each cats. Continuous monitoring of rCBF was made before and after intravenous administration of anticonvulsants such as zonisamide (ZNS), valproic acid (VPA), diazepam (DZP), phenobarbital (PB) and phenitoin (PHT). Physiological saline (PHS) was injected for controls. Injection of DZP resulted in strong seizure suppression with decrease of arterial blood pressure and hippocampal rCBF. Intravenous PB demonstrated analogous action with DZP with a mild anticonvulsant effect. Intravenous ZNS or VPA resulted in inhibition of seizure propagation from limbic system to cortex. However, these drugs augmented rCBF of the hippocampus more than 2 hours after administration. PHT and PHS demonstrated no anticonvulsant effect nor rCBF change in the present study.
Animals↗
[A case of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa].
Authors reported an autopsy case of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa and discussed the effect of irradiation therapy on it. A 72-year-old woman was admitted due to progressive deterioration of consciousness and the right hemiparesis. CT scan revealed a slightly high density mass, which was markedly heterogeneously enhanced with contrast media, in the left middle cranial fossa. Angiogram with prolonged injection demonstrated a faint tumor stain. Craniectomy and partial temporal lobectomy for decompression were performed, but the tumor could not be removed due to uncontrollable hemorrhage. Her level of consciousness further deteriorated, and in addition heart failure developed. And finally she became vegetative in spite of effective irradiation therapy of 46Gy. CT scan taken three months and seven years after the irradiation showed marked regression of the tumor. After the vegetative state for 8 years, the patient died of acute pancreatitis, and autopsy was performed. The cavernous hemangioma with markedly proliferated interstitial connective tissue and thrombosed vessels was verified by microscopical examination. Although the treatment was not successful in this patient, we confirmed that irradiation is useful in the management of the extra-axial cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa as a pre- or postoperative adjunct therapy.
Aged↗
A miniature swine model for intestinal transplantation.
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Animals↗
[Studies on changes in low esophageal sphincter function after esophageal transection or esophago-esophagostomy in children].
An aim of the present study is to clarify the changes of esophageal function after surgical treatments of the esophageal varices or the congenital esophageal stenosis in children. Esophageal manometric studies were performed in sixteen children undergoing the esophageal transection with paraesophageal devascularization or the esophago-esophagostomy with partial esophagectomy before, within 1 month and over 7 months after the operation. The pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the length of LES, the LES relaxation test and the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) inducing test were measured. 1) Esophageal transection; The pressure dropped within 1 month and returned to the preoperative level over 11 months after the operation. Temporal deterioration of LES function was observed during the early postoperative days. However, return to the preoperative state was gained over 1 year. 2) Esophago-esophagostomy; The pressure and the length of LES were not changed after the operation. The LES function was disturbed preoperatively and moreover long postoperatively, in the case when congenital stenosis closely existed to the esophago-gastric junction. Degree of the postoperative disturbance of the LES function may be influenced by the distance to the part of the transection or the partial esophagectomy from the E-C junction.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Analysis of upstream regulatory regions required for the activities of two promoters of the rat aldolase A gene.
Rat aldolase A gene has 2 promoters with different tissue specificities (M- and AH promoters). The M promoter is active only in adult skeletal muscle and induced during myogenesis, whereas the AH promoter is active ubiquitously in many tissues, including various cancer cells. Regulatory sequences for these promoters were investigated through assays for transient expression after introduction into myogenic and nonmyogenic cells. When M promoter-CAT fusion genes were transfected into primary cultures of chicken myoblasts, expression of CAT activity was drastically induced during myotube formation. The region comprising 202 to 85 base pairs (bp) upstream from the transcription initiation site was found to be necessary for the induction and an enhancer activity whose region includes the AT-rich recognition sequence (MEF-2 binding site). On the other hand, 2 upstream regions were found to be responsible for AH promoter activity expressed in HepG2 cells. The distal region (-280 to -260) of the promoter includes the AP1 binding sequence, whereas the proximal region (-207 to -180) contains a novel inverted repeat consisting of 22 bp but does not contain known promoter and enhancer sequences.
Animals↗
Differential distribution of salivary agglutinin and amylase in the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of human salivary gland acinar cells.
The secretory granules of salivary glands often display complex internal substructures, yet little is known of the molecular organization of their contents or the mechanisms involved in packaging of the secretory proteins. We used post-embedding immunogold labeling with antibodies to two secretory proteins, agglutinin and alpha-amylase, to determine their distribution in the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of the human submandibular gland acinar cells. With monoclonal antibodies specific for carbohydrate epitopes of the agglutinin, reactivity was found in the trans Golgi saccules, trans Golgi network, and immature and mature secretory granules. In the granules, labeling was seen in regions of low and medium electron density, but not in the dense cores. Reactivity seen on the apical and basolateral membranes of acinar and duct cells was attributed to a shared epitope on a membrane glycoprotein. Labeling with a polyclonal antibody to amylase was found in the Golgi saccules, immature and mature secretory granules, but not in the trans Golgi network. In the granules, amylase was present in the dense cores and in areas of medium density, but not in the regions of low density. These results indicate that these two proteins are distributed differently within the secretory granules, and suggest that they follow separate pathways between the Golgi apparatus and forming secretory granules. Small vesicles and tubular structures that labeled only with the antibodies to the agglutinin were observed on both faces of the Golgi apparatus and in the vicinity of the cell membrane. These structures may represent constitutive secretion vesicles involved in transport of the putative membrane glycoprotein to the cell membrane.
Agglutinins↗
Single sc administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in normal men.
Total and free form of IGF-I in plasma increased in a dose dependent manner after sc IGF-I administration. Peak values of total IGF-I were obtained at 3-4 h after the administration, and then the values decreased gradually. However, peak values of free form of IGF-I were obtained at 2 h, and then rapidly decreased thereafter. The blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels decreased until 4 h after IGF-I administration in a dose dependent manner. Plasma IGF-II values significantly decreased at 4-12 h after IGF-I administration. Urinary urea nitrogen and sodium excretion decreased after IGF-I administration. Urinary GH excretion also decreased after 0.06 mg/kg IGF-I administration. These data demonstrate that IGF-I may play a role in glucose, protein and electrolyte metabolism, and plasma IGF-II levels and GH secretion might be regulated by IGF-I in man.
Adult↗