Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.
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The serum levels of gamma-Seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 77 patients with prostatic cancer (30 untreated and 47 treated), 44 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 12 patients with prostatitis. Serum levels of gamma-Sm in each disease were as follows; untreated prostatic cancer 23.2 +/- 18.3 ng/ml (positive rate 93%), treated prostatic cancer 4.7 +/- 8.3 (positive rate 25.5%), benign prostatic hypertrophy 3.6 +/- 3.3 (positive rate 23.7%), prostatitis 2.0 +/- 2.0 (positive rate 7.7%). Serum gamma-Sm levels in prostatic cancer were higher in advanced stage but relatively low in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We consider that the level of serum gamma-Sm is a useful tumor marker as well as prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in diagnosis and follow-up of the patients with prostatic cancer.
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Two cases of primary carcinoma of male urethra are reported. Case 1: A 31-year-old male, who complained of urethral bleeding, was admitted to our clinic in April, 1982. A rice size papillary tumor was found at the fossa navicularis in the glans, and resected by electric knife. Histologically, the tumor was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Case 2: A 37-year-old man, who complained of urethral bleeding, was admitted to our clinic in July, 1985. A tumor was found at the fossa navicularis in the glans and resected. Histologically, the tumor was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma confined to mucosa. These two cases have not shown any signs of recurrence. Including these cases, 135 cases of primary carcinoma of urethra in the literature in Japan are reviewed.
We have previously reported a new technique of evaluating bronchial responsiveness by monitoring the transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2). This method is so simple, painless, and effortless with high reproducibility that it is possible to use the technique on children as young as 2 years old. Consequently, we used this method to study bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 141 children with asthma and 46 disease controls without asthma or chronic respiratory disorder. The bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children aged 2 to 5 years was higher than in the disease controls (P less than .001). Further, bronchial responsiveness was significantly higher in moderately as opposed to minimally affected asthmatics (P less than .01), and was gradually higher according to clinical severity. In other age groups as well, the bronchial responsiveness of asthmatic children was higher than of disease controls. There was a close relationship between the level of increased bronchial responsiveness and the clinical severity of asthmatic children.
The ip coadministration of 200 mg/kg butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) with a subtoxic dose (200 mg/kg) of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) enhanced the lung toxicity of BHT in mice. BHA coadministration significantly increased the radioactivity covalently bound to lung macromolecules at 4-8 hr after [14C]BHT. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for unchanged BHT in the lung for 24 hr after the coadministration was about 140% of that after the sole administration of BHT. At 2-8 hr after BHT, the coadministration produced a 40-85% increase in plasma concentration of unchanged BHT, but a 40-60% decrease in plasma concentration of total BHT (mainly consisted of BHT metabolites). The total metabolism of BHT by liver 9000 g supernatant was significantly reduced by in vitro addition of BHA. Pretreatment of mice with 200 mg/kg BHA also reduced the rate of 9000 g supernatant metabolism of BHT. These results support the suggestion that coadministration of BHA and BHT results in a decrease in the first-pass metabolism of BHT in the liver and thus the lung is exposed to a larger amount of BHT, developing enhanced toxic response.
Twenty-five of 34 patients who underwent pyeloplasty operation for ureteropelvic junction obstruction were able to be followed up for three months or more after operation. Postoperative results were compared in twenty-six kidneys of these patients according to clinical conditions such as age, duration of indwelling nephrostomy tube and splint catheter, operative method (one-stage or two-stage operation), preoperative urinary tract infections, preoperative grade of hydronephrosis and the postoperative period evaluated. Postoperative results evaluated at three months after operation, revealed no case with excellent improvement. At 36 months after operation excellent improvement rate was 46.7% and there was a significant difference in excellent improvement rate between these times. At 3, 6, 12 and 36 months after operation, improvement rate was 35.7, 55.0, 52.9 and 86.7%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months or more, deterioration rate was 29 and 0%, respectively. It is concluded that evaluation of pyeloplasty should be done at least 6 months after operation and even if renal function is stable at this period, more improvement in renal function can be expected at one year or more after operation.
To extend the epidemiological study on adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) in Japan, the geographical and demographic characteristics of carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and patients with ATL were analyzed in Tsushima Island, which is one of the typical endemic areas of ATL in Kyushu, Japan. Even on the small island of Tsushima (710 km2; pop. 48,875; 123 villages), the positive rates of anti-HTLV-I antibody among the 58 villages studied varied from 2% to 50%, a fact that is probably associated with the historical events affecting the movement of the indigenous population of Tsushima Island. The positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in males increased little with age; however, the female rate increased distinctly with age in moderate and high HTLV-I-endemic villages where more than 15% of the inhabitants had positive anti-HTLV-I antibody. Analysis of anti-HTLV-I antibody positivity between spouses confirmed that HTLV-I was more contagious from husband to wife than from wife to husband, which corresponded to the fact that the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in females older than 30 years was higher than that in males. Recently the rate of carrier children from HTLV-I carrier mothers was estimated at around 20%. The recent annual incidence rates of ATL among 1,000 HTLV-I carriers older than 40 years living in Tsushima Island was estimated at 2.2 in males, 0.8 in females.
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12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a skin tumor-promoting phorbol ester, and teleocidin and aplysiatoxin, which are potent tumor promoters in mouse skin but are chemically unrelated to phorbol esters, induced change of cultured rabbit costal chondrocytes from a polygonal to a fibroblastic shape and inhibited glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and metachromatic matrix formation in these cells. The potencies of teleocidin and aplysiatoxin to inhibit GAG synthesis were almost the same as that of TPA. On the other hand, Tween 60 and cantharidin, weak mouse skin tumor promoters, phenobarbital, a liver tumor promoter, and saccharin, a bladder tumor promoter, had no effect on the morphology or GAG synthesis of cultured chondrocytes. Like TPA, teleocidin and aplysiatoxin increased DNA and RNA syntheses of chondrocytes. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP reversed the morphological and histochemical changes caused by a 4-day treatment with teleocidin or aplysiatoxin as well as with TPA, reversal being apparent after 2 days. PTH increased intracellular cyclic AMP after 2 min in chondrocytes pretreated with teleocidin or aplysiatoxin as well as with TPA. PTH also increased ornithine decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17] activity in these chondrocytes after 4 h. These results show that retention of responsiveness to PTH is a typical characteristic of chondrocytes dedifferentiated by treatment with TPA-type tumor promoters such as TPA, teleocidin and aplysiatoxin. The results also suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of cyclic AMP plays an important role in re-differentiation of teleocidin- and aplysiatoxin-treated chondrocytes.
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We have studied the bronchial hyperresponsiveness of children with atopic and nonatopic asthma by methacholine inhalation challenge, using a new device, the "Astograph." Three parameters, initial respiratory resistance (Rrs cont), bronchial sensitivity (Dmin), and bronchial reactivity (St), were studied. The Rrs cont values of atopic asthma were higher than those of the disease controls (p less than 0.05), while there was no difference between nonatopic asthma and disease controls. The Dmin values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were lower than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). The St values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were higher than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). There was no difference of Rrs cont and Dmin between the children with atopic and nonatopic asthma. However, St of the children with nonatopic asthma was remarkably higher than that of the children with atopic asthma (p less than 0.001). These data suggested that there was a remarkable difference of bronchial response to methacholine between the children with atopic asthma and those with nonatopic asthma.