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Biomedical subjects

K Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A new approach to hospital-based cancer epidemiology].

In order to clarify risk modifiers which affect cancer progression, as well as general risk factors, a hospital-based epidemiological study on a large scale is planned. For the first step of this study, a method of systematic data collection from all new patients who visit the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital is designed. Through such a hospital-based study, epidemiologists can play the important role in the development of both a basic study on cancer risks and an applied study on cancer prevention in cooperation with physicians and basic scientists. In the process of an advancing hospital-based epidemiological study, the important information will be built-up for the comprehensive measurement of cancer prevention for future.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of immune response during cardiopulmonary bypass on post-operative infections].

To study the effects of extracorporeal circulation on the post operative infections, the relationship between the influences of the immunologic change during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and post operative change of neutrophilia was evaluated in 52 patients. These patients were divided into two groups: group A (non-infected), 19 patients whose neutrophil count increased within 15,000/microliters in peripheral blood after operation. Group B (infected), 33 patients whose neutrophil count increased 15,000/microliters or more within one week after operation. Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and complement fraction (C3, C4, CH50) levels decreased significantly during CPB, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The amount of lymphocyte subsets of helper/inducer T cell and suppressor/cytotoxic T cell showed similar change in both groups. On the contrary the amount of lymphocyte subset of Natural Killer cell showed significant increase in A group during CPB when compared with B group, suggesting immunological activation, however, in the group which showed less than 40% increase of NK cell during CPB, there was significant increase of neutrophils after operation compared with the other group which showed high increase of NK cell. These findings suggested the increased activation of the Natural Killer cell during CPB is a favorable response, especially for preventing infections after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of the association of arteriovenous malformation and cerebral aneurysms].

The association of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and a cerebral aneurysm is not so rare. Many reports have analyzed its localized relationship and studied hemodynamically the development of the cerebral aneurysm. However its therapeutic measures have not been established so far. At this time, authors have experienced 9 cases of AVM associated with cerebral aneurysm, and have studied suitable therapeutic measures. All 9 cases developed with intracranial hemorrhage, and in 6 of 9 cases, cerebral aneurysm was recognized in the feeding arteries or feeding system of the AVM (Group I). In the other 3 cases, localization of cerebral aneurysm was hemodynamically considered to have less of a relationship with AVM (Group II). It was characteristic that cerebral aneurysm in Group I was multiple, and developed frequently in the peripheral regions of the cerebral artery, especially in feeding system of the AVM itself. An operation was carried out in all 9 cases, and in Group I, 2 of 6 cases were operated on in one stage. The other 4 cases because of difficulty of management in the same operative field, were divided into two stages. In cases with clearly hemorrhagic sources, operation was firstly performed on the hemorrhagic source, and its residual focus was operated on after several months. However, in cases with unknown hemorrhagic source, cerebral aneurysm existing on the proximal side was operated on firstly. On the other hand, in Group II, when the operation was performed at one or two stages, the hemorrhagic source was dealt with first.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin.

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin in vitro were reported. The patients were 14- and 15-year-old girls. Aspirin and sulpyrin intolerance were confirmed by aspirin oral provocation test and bronchial sulpyrin inhalation provocation test. In those intolerant patients, preincubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with sulpyrin enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187-induced leukotriene C4 production as compared with those of healthy adults and aspirin-tolerant asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Morphological diversity of DRC-1 positive cells: human follicular dendritic cells and their relatives.

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and their relatives of the human tonsils and lymph nodes were immunoelectron microscopically analyzed with a monoclonal antibody DRC-1 (DAKO) in a combination with an enzymatic isolation technique. DRC-1+ cells were largely grouped into three type A (large mono- to multinucleated, sea anemone-fashioned, bearing labyrinth structures, in germinal center), type B (oligodendritic or stellate, medium-sized, in the corona and the primary follicle) and type C (individually located, medium-sized. lymphoid cell-fashioned, outside follicles). Type C were found in hyperplastic lymphoid tissue as well as in some granulation tissue. The DRC-1+ mononuclear cells were curiously encountered in the peripheral blood of some autoimmune disease patients in contrast with no identification in healthy persons. Furthermore some DRC-1+ cells obtained from autoimmune patient were confirmed to proliferate in culture.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Malignant lymphomas in Japan: epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL).

The incidence of malignant lymphomas in Japan is relatively low compared to that in western European countries and the United States. However, in limited areas in Japan a specific type of lymphoid malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is highly prevalent, and there are also many healthy carriers of HTLV-I in the same areas. A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I showed that the age-specific proportion of healthy HTLV-I carriers in these ATL-endemic areas increased with age, especially over 40, and was higher in females than in males. Three main routes of HTLV-I transmission are recognized: 1) vertical transmission from mother to child mainly through breast milk; 2) horizontal transmission from man to woman through semen, and; 3) parenteral transmission from carrier donor to non-carrier recipient. The annual incidence rate of ATL among HTLV-I carriers is estimated at 2.0 in males and 0.5 in females, and the cumulative risk for ATL in HTLV-I carriers during a 70-year life span is 1%-5%. Possible risk factors for ATL in addition to HTLV-I infection were considered, i.e. genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional condition, thymus involution etc., but none of these were found to be clearly associated with ATL. To determine whether there exist particularly susceptible hosts for ATL in the ATL endemic areas, HLA types were examined, but no conclusive results on the positive relationships between HLA types and ATL manifestation or HTLV-I infection were obtained. From follow-up studies on the age-specific distribution of HTLV-I carriers in Japan, it is now speculated that the HTLV-I infection rate might have decreased naturally in the more recent generational cohort groups, even in the ATL-endemic areas. However, ATL in Japan is an important subject for study in the field of cancer epidemiology, and several trial intervention programs for the prevention of ATL, such as controls of vertical transmission from mother to child through breast milk, are now ongoing in the ATL-endemic areas of Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ionophore A23187 inhibits the release of thyrotropin-stimulated 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine from perifused rat thyroid glands.

We have studied the effect of ionophore A23187 on the release of T3 and cAMP from perifused rat thyroid glands and on the morphological changes of the follicle epithelial cells. Ionophore A23187 at a concentration of 5 microM significantly inhibited TSH-stimulated T3 release. Depletion of Ca2+ in the infusion buffer completely abolished the inhibitory effect of ionophore A23187 on TSH-stimulated T3 release. In the presence of TSH and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, ionophore A23187 at 5 microM did not significantly affect either the release of cAMP during a 3-h perifusion or the cAMP content in the thyroid tissues after 1-h perifusion. By electron microscopy, the follicle epithelial cells of the rat thyroid tissues showed marked responses to TSH after 3-h stimulation. By the addition of 5 microM ionophore A23187, the ultrastructural changes such as phagocytotic uptake of luminal colloid and the formation of intracellular colloid droplets were rarely observed in spite of the presence of TSH. The present study indicates that ionophore A23187 at a concentration of 5 microM inhibits both TSH-induced morphological changes of the follicle epithelial cells and TSH-stimulated T3 release without reducing cAMP level stimulated by TSH in rat thyroid glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The inhibitory effect of forskolin on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using Chang liver cells as target cells.

The effect of forskolin, a unique adenylate cyclase activator, on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was examined. ADCC was assayed using Chang liver cells as the target cells, immuned rabbit serum as the antibody and healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) as the effector cells. Forskolin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 microM significantly inhibited ADCC in a dose-dependent manner. By the addition of forskolin, cyclic AMP levels did not change in Chang liver cells but increased in PBMNC. Therefore, it appears that forskolin exerted an inhibitory effect on ADCC by increasing the intracellular cyclic AMP levels in PBMNC, the effector cells.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1988

Relation between frequency of asthma and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae and total serum IgE levels in schoolchildren.

The relation between the frequency of wheezing illness and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and total IgE levels was examined in 457 randomly selected schoolchildren. From the response to the ATS-DLD-78-C respiratory symptoms questionnaire, 14 subjects (3.1%) were found to have asthma syndrome (recurrent episodes of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing) and 17 subjects (3.7%), wheezing syndrome (only wheezing). The percentage of the asthma syndrome increased with increasing levels of Df-specific IgE, and there was an intimate correlation between the percentage of asthma syndrome and Df-specific IgE levels (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001), whereas such association was not found between the two (r = -0.19; p greater than 0.5). Similar relations were found between the frequencies of the specific syndromes and total IgE levels. There was a significant correlation between total IgE levels and Df-specific IgE levels in the total population (r = 0.7; p less than 0.001). These results suggest that allergic reaction greatly contributes to the development of asthma in children.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A male subject with 3 Y chromosomes (48, XYYY): a case report.

We describe a male subject with 3 Y chromosomes who presented with complaints of lack of sexual desire and failure to achieve rigid erection. The patient was tall and had markedly incurved little fingers on both hands as well as small testes. Karyotype was 48, XYYY. The patient's parents had normal karyotypes. Endocrinological profile suggested a primary functional disturbance of the gonads. Testicular biopsy demonstrated atrophic seminiferous tubules without spermatogenesis. To our knowledge this case represents the third instance of a man with an 48, XYYY karyotype without mosaicism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple DNA and protein sequence alignment on a workstation and a supercomputer.

This paper describes a multiple alignment method using a workstation and supercomputer. The method is based on the alignment of a set of aligned sequences with the new sequence, and uses a recursive procedure of such alignment. The alignment is executed in a reasonable computation time on diverse levels from a workstation to a supercomputer, from the viewpoint of alignment results and computational speed by parallel processing. The application of the algorithm is illustrated by several examples of multiple alignment of 12 amino acid and DNA sequences of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) env genes. Colour graphic programs on a workstation and parallel processing on a supercomputer are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Edrophonium-hyoscine butylbromide mixture for reversal of neuromuscular blockade: heart rate changes in infants and children.

The effectiveness of hyoscine butylbromide in the prevention of edrophonium-induced bradycardia was assessed in 50 infants and children. A mixture of edrophonium (1.0 mg/kg) and either atropine (0.01 mg/kg) or hyoscine butylbromide (0.4 mg/kg) was administered to reverse the effects of tubocurarine. An initial bradycardia followed the injection of the edrophonium-atropine mixture. In contrast there was no initial decrease in heart rate after the administration of the edrophonium-hyoscine butylbromide mixture. Hyoscine butylbromide can be used with advantage as a substitute for atropine in edrophonium reversal in infants and children.

Atropine↗
PubMed1988

[Marginal periodontitis and the immune system. III. Differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets before and after treatment in adult periodontitis patients].

The lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 8 individuals, aged 25 to 57 yr, with moderate to advanced adult periodontitis were analyzed before and after treatment by means of flow cytometry, and then compared with the findings in 20 normal adults (aged 30 to 45 yr). The results were as follows: the percentage of OKT-8+ (CD 8) in the patients (20.25 +/- 7.15%) was lower than that in normal individuals (31.50 +/- 6.03%, P less than 0.01) while the OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio (2.34 +/- 1.18) was higher than the corresponding ratio in the controls (1.23 +/- 0.37); however, there was no significant difference in the percentages of OKT-3+ (CD 3), OKT-4+ (CD 4) and Leu-12+ (CD 19) between patients and normal subjects. The percentages of OKT-3+, OKT-4+, OKT-8+, Leu-12+ and OKT-4/OKT-8 after the periodontal therapy did not show a significant difference compared with the data obtained before treatment. These results indicate that the decrease in suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell population may be a kind of pathological disposition of the initiation and/or course of adult periodontitis.

Adult↗