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Biomedical subjects

K Tada

Publications and source records attributed to K Tada.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chronic pancreatitis in muscular cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

Chronic pancreatitis is described in a 10-year-old boy with mitochondrial myopathy due to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency. There have been few reports of chronic pancreatitis associated with congenital metabolic diseases. Marked pancreatic calcifications and pseudocysts of the pancreatic head and tail were demonstrated by computed tomography of the abdomen and by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, which were thought to be useful methods for morphological examination of the pancreas. In the patient, no possible etiological factors were identified, including anomalous pancreatobiliary ductal junction or biochemical abnormalities. The association between cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and chronic pancreatitis remains to be established.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Filtration of fresh frozen plasma used as substitution fluid in plasma exchange in order to remove microaggregates.

Freshly melted fresh frozen plasma (FFP) contains a large number of particles smaller than 20 microns in diameter. These particulate materials (microaggregates) consist of aggregated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (LA) and precipitable aggregates closely resembling fibrin (FA). Both LA and FA injected into a rat's tail vein were trapped in the lung and formed emboli in the pulmonary arterioles. To prevent the passage of these microaggregates into the systemic circulation, a new circuit was devised for plasma exchange containing a filter with a pore size of 0.2 microns. In 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis who received plasma exchange transfusions and subsequently died and were autopsied, the incidence of pulmonary complications was significantly lower in the 12 patients who received filtered FFP. According to these results, the possibility of pulmonary complications due to micro-embolism developed by microaggregates in FFP should be taken into account when a large amount of FFP is repeatedly infused into critically ill patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Changes in adhesion efficiency and vimentin distribution of fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients.

Cultured fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients were characterized. Familial Alzheimer fibroblasts showed the same appearance by phase microscopy and the same growth rate with the control fibroblasts cultured from the age-matched healthy control subjects. Fibroblasts cultured from familial Alzheimer's disease patients showed decreased efficiency in adhesion to substrata in limited periods. While 80% of the control fibroblasts finished adhesion within 30 minutes incubation, only 30% of Alzheimer fibroblasts completed adhesion within the same period. When fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease were kept under serum-free media more than ten days, they showed a unique aberration of vimentin fiber distribution, while other cytoskeletal fibers were remained intact. It is indicated that fibroblasts cultured from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease can be used to study pathological processes which affect the cytoskeletal organization in the fibroblasts as well as in the cells of the central nervous system.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Learning impairment and microtubule-associated protein 2 decrease in gerbils under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

A coiled stainless steel wire clip was made that allowed us to chronically reduce cerebral blood flow in Mongolian gerbils. After 6 weeks of reduced cerebral blood flow in 15 experimental gerbils, we evaluated their learning ability and found it to be impaired relative to that in 15 control gerbils. Eight weeks after surgery, regional cerebral blood flow in the parietal cortex measured by the hydrogen clearance method in the experimental gerbils was 73-76% of that in the control gerbils. Light microscopy showed minimal histologic changes in the brains of the experimental gerbils. Concentrations of brain proteins analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that among water-soluble brain proteins, the concentrations of cytoskeletal proteins (microtubule-associated protein 2, calspectin, and clathrin) declined in the experimental gerbils. In particular, the concentration of microtubule-associated protein 2 declined significantly. Our findings show that the reduction of cerebral blood flow via carotid stenosis impairs the learning behavior in gerbils, with an associated decrease in the concentration of microtubule-associated protein 2. We believe that Mongolian gerbils with chronically reduced cerebral blood flow are a useful animal model of chronic brain hypoperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reduced regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose at the terminal stage in a case of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was determined for six different areas of the gray matter in an 8-year-old girl with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. In all regions, the rates were almost half of the control values. The regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was relatively preserved in the striatal region and severely reduced in the frontal cortex.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1990

Fine assignment of beta-hexosaminidase A alpha-subunit on 15q23-q24 by high resolution in situ hybridization.

Tay-Sachs disease results from mutation in the gene encoding beta-hexosaminidase A alpha-subunit. Although some reports have suggested the locus on 15q, we tried to determine the finer gene locus using high resolution in situ hybridization. cDNA probe, p beta H alpha-5, containing the full-length sequence for the enzyme subunit, was 3H-labeled within 1-4 x 10(7) cpm/micrograms of cDNA by nick-translation. After molecular hybridization and autoradiography, prometaphases were G-banded by Hoechst 33258, UV-exposure and Giemsa. A total of 227 silver grains on chromosomes within 115 prometaphase spreads were analyzed. The region 15q23-q24 had 27 grains, corresponding to 11.9% of the total grains and to 77.1% of the grains on chromosome 15. 20.9% of prometaphases were observed with a grain at 15q23-q24. According to several previous reports, the shortest region of overlap (SRO) of the locus has been 15q22-q25.1. Here we have assigned the gene locus to the narrower region 15q23-q24 by high-resolution in situ hybridization, which is one of the most powerful strategy for the completion of human gene map.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1990

Effects of glycyrrhizin (SNMC: Stronger Neo-Minophagen C) in hemophilia patients with HIV-1 infection.

Forty-two hemophiliacs with HIV infection were treated with high-dose glycyrrhizin, Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC). The dose was 100-200 ml of SNMC in 21 patients and 400-800 ml in the other 21. The patients were divided into an asymptomatic carrier (AC) group and AIDS related-complex (ARC)/AIDS group. SNMC was administered intravenously daily for the first 3 weeks, and every second day for the following 8 weeks to the 42 HIV-infected hemophilia patients, in accordance with the protocol proposed by the Japanese National Research Committee. The CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 positive lymphocyte counts did not change during the treatment period. However, significant improvement was noted in some cases. A slight increase in mitogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen was noted in most patients of both groups, especially significant improvement was seen in the AC group administered over 400 ml of SNMC. Furthermore, complete improvement was noted in liver dysfunction, which has been thought to be one of the major problems for hemophiliacs treated with blood products. Thus, prophylactic administration of high-dose SNMC to HIV positive hemophiliacs who have impaired immunological ability and liver dysfunction was considered to be effective in preventing the development from AC/ARC to AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of benign polyps of the posterior urethra (ectopic prostatic tissue)].

We report two cases of benign polyps of the posterior urethra. Their first symptoms were gross hematuria and urinary frequency. Both specimens obtained by transurethral resection were histologically identified as prostatic tissue. Discussion on benign polyps of the posterior urethra as ectopic prostatic tissue was done with review of literature.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1990

[Serum bilirubin subfractionation by high-performance liquid chromatography in patients with fulminant hepatic failure].

Serum bilirubin subfractionation, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was carried out and clinically evaluated in 9 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), C-8 bilirubin mono-conjugate (MBC), C-12BMC and bilirubin di-conjugate (BDC) were quantified by the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC method described by Blanckaert. Similar studies were performed in 10 patients with acute hepatitis (AH) and 6 patients with obstructive jaundice and the results were compared. In patients with rising serum bilirubin, the serum C-12BMC/C-8BMC ratio was calculated to be as follows: 2.10 +/- 0.21 for FHF, 1.05 +/- 0.34 for AH and 0.81 +/- 0.08 for obstructive jaundice, respectively. A significant differences were observed between FHF and AH (P less than 0.01). As there was almost no overlapping, it was considered that this determination is useful for the differential diagnosis of jaundiced patients, especially, in those patients with AH whose sera show a prolonged prothrombin time lower than 40%, and there is a concern that they may develop FHF. The calculation of C-12BMC/C-8BMC allows us to make a differential diagnosis between AH and FHF at an early period in the development of the disease, and it was proved that serum C-12BMC/C-8BMC ratio can reflect the magnitude of hepatocyte damage as well as bilirubin metabolism disturbance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

The results of arthrodesis of the ankle for leprotic neuroarthropathy.

Twenty-four patients who had arthrodesis of one or both ankles for leprotic neuroarthropathy were followed for an average of nine years and five months. At operation, after the removal of cartilage, joint debris, and sclerotic bone, the ankle joint was transfixed with a Küntscher intramedullary nail, and staples or Kirschner wires were used to control rotation. Fusion of bone was obtained in nineteen (73 per cent) of the twenty-six ankles. Failure to obtain fusion was due to postoperative infection in four patients, deficiency of the site of arthrodesis in one patient, and refracture through the site of fusion in two patients. When arthrodesis was successful, additional neuroarthropathic destruction of the mid-tarsal joint was halted, and the preoperative clinical symptoms of dull pain, local warmth, swelling, and instability were relieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Revision of residual deformities after operations for duplication of the thumb.

We treated thirty-six patients (thirty-eight thumbs) who had residual deformity after ablation of a duplicated thumb. The deformities were classified into three groups: interphalangeal (eight thumbs), metacarpophalangeal (sixteen thumbs), and zigzag (fourteen thumbs). The indication for operation was primarily cosmetic; only eight patients had a functional disability, and that was mild. At the most recent follow-up, the results were rated good except for three fair results in the group that had an interphalangeal deformity, two fair results in the group that had a metacarpophalangeal deformity, and two poor and seven fair results in the group that had a zigzag deformity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Assay of methylmalonyl CoA mutase with high-performance liquid chromatography.

An assay for methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity is described. Succinyl CoA produced in this method is separated from the substrate, methylmalonyl CoA, by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and is quantified. This method is useful to differentiate mutase apoenzyme deficiency (mut0, mut-) and the defect in deoxyadenosylcobalamin synthesis using fibroblasts cultured in high concentration of supplementary hydroxocobalamin. In methylmalonic acidemia, measurement of lymphocytes mutase activity offers therapeutical and prognostic informations.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1989

Calcitonin gene-related peptide enhances spontaneous acetylcholine release from the rat motor nerve terminal.

The effect of synthetic rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (rCGRP) on neuromuscular transmission was examined in a superfused rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation using an intracellular microelectrode technique. The superfusion with rCGRP (10(-8) to 2 x 10(-7) M) caused significant increases in the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). It, however, had no effect on the resting membrane potential, amplitude of MEPPs, or acetylcholine quantum size and content. Enhancement of spontaneous acetylcholine release from the motor nerve terminal by rCGRP was demonstrated.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibody defining a molecule possibly identical to the p75 subunit of interleukin 2 receptor.

A mouse hybridoma cell line, TU27, producing an mAb was established. TU27 mAb reacted with various human and Gibbon ape T cell lines bearing the IL-2R p75 (IL-2Rp75), but not with cell lines expressing only Tac antigen, IL-2Rp55, and numbers of its binding sites on cell surfaces were similar to those of high-affinity IL-2R. Radioimmunoprecipitation with TU27 mAb defined a molecule with a molecular mass of 75 kD on the surface of IL-2Rp75 bearing cells. TU27 mAb completely blocked IL-2 binding to IL-2Rp75 and to the high-affinity IL-2R but not to IL-2Rp55 composing the low-affinity IL-2R. The IL-2-dependent growth of a human T cell line, ILT-Mat, was significantly inhibited by TU27 mAb only at low concentrations of IL-2, and combination of TU27 mAb and H-31 mAb specific for IL-2Rp55 completely inhibited the cell growth even at high concentrations of IL-2. These data strongly suggest that TU27 mAb is specific for the human IL-2Rp75.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Lysosome instability in aged rat brain.

The study of the age-dependent change in lysosomal enzyme activities of the cerebral tissue showed the significant increase of cathepsin D in the aged rat brain, while those of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase remained unchanged. The subcellular distribution study of cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase revealed the increased activity of these enzymes in the cytosolic fraction from the aged brain. In vitro incubation of the lysosome fraction from the aged rat brain resulted in more leakage of these two enzymes, indicating the instability of the lysosome in the aged brain, which resembled the effect of L-Leu-methyl ester to the lysosome.

Aging↗